Zininzi mushroom curiosities. Amakhowa ayinto enqabileyo ebalaseleyo ekwindla nasebusika, kwaye ixabiso labo lokutya likwaphawuleka kulawulo lwazo lobunzima. Ngaphandle kwencasa kunye nokutya, zikwanxulumene nemiba emininzi yenkcubeko yethu edumileyo. Kukho ii-apps ezihambayo zokuphuma uye kukhangela amakhowa ematyholweni - kunye nenkolo yethu yakudala. Kwelinye icala, bathanda uphuhliso lwecandelo lezoqoqosho, nangona linamaxesha onyaka awomeleleyo, alinakungahoywa. Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-200 yezigidi zee-euro zihanjiswa rhoqo ngonyaka malunga neshishini le-mushroom eSpain.
Ngoko ke, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuze sikuxelele ukuba zeziphi ii-curiosities eziphambili zamakhowa ongenakukwazi.
Iimfuno zamakhowa
Abazozityalo okanye izilwanyana
Amakhowa ngumphandle wezinye iifungi ezihlala ngaphantsi komhlaba okanye kwizinto eziphilayo ezibolayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindidi ezininzi zamakhowa, kuba eneneni zezinye zezikumkani ezihlanu apho sidibanisa izinto eziphilayo, ngoko ke azithathwa njengezityalo okanye izilwanyana. Azenzi fotosynthesize njengemifuno, kwaye azikwazi nokutya ngokufanelekileyo njengoko sisenza kwizilwanyana.
Ebukumkanini bomngundo, zisusela kwezo zihlala kwizityalo zethu zamathumbu ukuya kwigwele elibilisa umgubo, iidiliya okanye irhasi, ngokungunda okanye ezo zihlasela intende yeenyawo zethu. Kakade ke, bakho abo bakha amakhowa.
Ingakumbi umngundo owenza umngundo ubonakala ngokuhlala phantsi komhlaba okanye ngokubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Umsebenzi wabo kukufunxa iziphumo zoku kubola ukuze bazondle ngokwabo, kwaye banokuqokelela izimbiwa emhlabeni.
Ezi fungi ziluthungelwano olude lwemicu yeeseli, njengeemoto zikaloliwe ezidityanisiweyo (mycelium), zinokugqithisa iiminerali ukusuka kwiseli ukuya kwenye kumcu ngamnye (hypha). Kwelinye icala, uninzi lwazo ludityaniswe neengcambu kwilungu elixubeneyo elibizwa ngokuba yi-mycorrhiza. Eli lungu li-symbiotic, oko kukuthi, liziko lentsebenziswano lemibutho emibini, nto leyo evumela ukuba umthi unike iswekile kumngundo, yaye i<em>fungus isebenzisa imicu yayo ukuthwala iiminerali ukuya emthini isuka kude. Kwakhona, ikhowa inokudibanisa imithi emininzi okanye ihlathi lonke ukwenza i-Intanethi ye-organic yehlathi.
Ikhowa enye edityaniswe neehektare ezingama-900 zehlathi yafunyanwa e-Oregon kuMntla wePasifiki eUnited States, ngaloo ndlela ibumba eyona nto iphilayo inkulu emhlabeni. Kurhanelwa ukuba le fungus edibeneyo, ngaphezu kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi, inokuphinda ihambise izinto ze-antibiotics emthini, kunokuthiwa bubulumko behlathi.
I-mushroom ithathwa njengelungu langasese le-fungus
Enyanisweni, amakhowa yi-gonads yefungi, ngamalungu avelisa i-spores kunye ne-fungi idibanisa izinto zabo zofuzo ngokusebenzisa i-spores. Ukuba unqwenela, ungamtsalela umnxeba intyatyambo ikhowa.
Ngaphantsi komnqwazi we-mushroom, sinokubona amagqabi abizwa ngokuba yi-"flakes", avelisa i-spore kwaye asasazwa ngumoya okanye izilwanyana. I-fungus ivelisa kuphela amakhowa emva kwexesha lemvula, kuba inomswakama owaneleyo ukwenza ezi zakhiwo zehydraulic kumanzi angama-90%.
Zinokutyiwa kuphela ngu-0,0001%
I-mycologist, isazinzulu esifunda amakhowa, sinehlaya elithi, "Onke amakhowa ayadliwa, kodwa ininzi inokudliwa kanye kuphela." Inyaniso, kuphela 600 600.000 yangoku iintlobo amakhowa ezityiwayo.
Abanye babonisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo etyhefu ngenxa yealkaloids abayivelisayo ukuthintela uhlaselo lwezilwanyana, kwaye ezinye zibulala kakhulu. Kwelinye icala, ayizizo zonke izidalwa ezinokumelana okufanayo: umzekelo, I-slugs i-1.000 amaxesha amaninzi axhathisayo kwi-boletus toxicity.
I-Truffles, kubandakanywa ezimhlophe (i-Tuber magnatum) kunye nomnyama (i-Tuber melanosporum), luhlobo lwesakhiwo se-spore block block, eyenza i-mycorrhizae nge-chestnuts, i-walnuts, i-oki ye-holm kunye ne-oki ye-holm evela kumazantsi e-Europe (eItali, eFransi, eSpain) kwaye ikhule ngaphantsi komhlaba endaweni yoko. yokuza phezulu.
Eyona curiosities amakhowa
Ihlathi lamakhowa kunye namakhowa ekhaya
Ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini, iingcambu zemithi esandul’ ukuntshula ziye zatshatyalaliswa ziimbewu zomngundo ohlukeneyo ukuze zenze i-mycorrhizae. Ziye zityalwe emasimini, zilindele ukuba imithi kunye namakhowa akhule, kwaye ekugqibeleni ekugqibeleni iya kuphuhlisa amakhowa emva kwexesha lemvula, enokuthabatha iminyaka emihlanu. Ukongeza, iteknoloji yanamhlanje ivumela ukutshiza imbewu yemithi ngokuthe ngqo phambi kokutyala.
Ukuba sinendawo emnyama, efumileyo kunye nepholileyo ukubenza basebenze, ke amakhowa e-saprophytic anokubola kwezinto eziphilayo, njengamakhowa e-shiitake okanye amakhowa e-oyster. ingakhuliswa ekhaya. Kule nto, umxube we-rice straw kunye nomgquba wenkomo uyasetyenziswa, ugalelwe nge-spores yokungunda kwaye upakishwe. Enyanisweni, ezi phakheji sele zifumaneka kurhwebo kwaye kufuneka nje sizigcine kwaye sizinkcenkceshele rhoqo. Amakhowa e-fungus aya kubonakala ngokuthe ngcembe phezu komhlaba.
Amakhowa ehamba
I-Myxomycetes luhlobo olukhethekileyo lomngundo olwenza uhlobo lwebloko yeplastiki endaweni yemicu engaphantsi komhlaba. Baphila ngokubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ngakumbi iziqu zamahlathi afumileyo, aqaqambileyo tyheli, obomvu okanye orenji. Zikhangeleka njengekhandlela elinyibilikisiweyo okanye ibhola yodongwe, kwaye zihamba zikhangela izinto ezinokubola. Bakwenza oku ngokuvelisa imisinga yeplasma yeselula etyhala umngundo kwicala elithile.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwamakhowa kunye nobugqwirha bunembali ende, kuba amanye amakhowa anetyhefu awabulali abantu, kodwa anemiphumo. inika umdla okanye i-hallucinogenic, eyayisetyenziswa kwihlelo lamandulo lamagqwirha. Njengomzekelo wale nto, indandatho yegqwirha yindandatho yamakhowa ebonakala kwindawo yokucoca ehlathini kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi "aril."
Iibhaskithi ezinemisonto ezisetyenziswa ngabavuni zinesizathu se-ikholoji: ukunceda ukungunda ukuba kuphindaphindeke. Xa sifaka i-fungus kwi-basket, ikhupha i-spores, kwaye njengoko sihamba ehlathini, ezi zixhobo ziya kuwela phantsi ngemingxuma eshiywe yilaphu le-wicker ukuze sikwazi ukusabalalisa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-curiosities yama-mushroom.