El ngundo emhlophe Sisifo esibangelwa ngumngundo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Le pathogen ixhaphake kulo lonke ihlabathi kwaye ichaphazela iindidi ezininzi. Ifumaneka ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphakathi kunye nokufuma okuphezulu, njengakumantla eSpeyin. Ibonakala kwizityalo ezininzi ibangela ukwehla okubonakalayo kwisivuno kunye nomgangatho wesivuno, ngakumbi ngexesha lehlobo elifumileyo nasekwindla.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela indlela yokususa isikhunta esimhlophe kwizityalo kunye nento omele uyithathele ingqalelo ukwenza njalo.
Umnqa wobomi
Ikhowa ISclerotinia sclerotiorum ifakwe kwi-Ascomycete fungi kwaye yenza i-edumile ngundo emhlophe. Umjikelo wabo wobomi uqukethe inqanaba le-asexual kunye nenqanaba lezesondo kunye nomsebenzi oyintloko wokusasaza izifo. Kwinqanaba le-asexual, i-sclerotia ihluma phantsi kweemeko zomswakama ophezulu kunye nobushushu obuphakathi, ukuvelisa i-mycelium efana nekotoni. Ngokuqhelekileyo ingena kwizityalo ngamanxeba okanye ukuvuleka emhlabeni. Umngundo ukhula kwisityalo esosulelekileyo kwaye uvelise i-sclerotia entsha, ukuba lula ukuwa emhlabeni kwaye uqale umjikelo kwakhona. I-Sclerotia yenziwe linani elikhulu le-hyphae elinokuthi liphile emhlabeni iminyaka eliqela kwaye yeyona ndlela iphambili yosulelo lwezifo.
Umjikelo wobomi besondo nawo uqala nge-sclerotia. Kuzo, izakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-apothecia zikhula, ezihlala kuyo i-asci equlethe i-ascospores. Ezi ziphephethwa lula ngumoya kwaye zifakwe kumalungu ahlukeneyo esityalo. I-Ascospores intshula kwaye usulelo lwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, kunye neenxalenye ze-senescent zezityalo, njengeentyatyambo ezibunile, zichaphazeleka kakhulu. Ukusuka apha, i-fungus iyakhula kwaye yosulele amanye amalungu esityalo kwaye iphuhlise i-mycelium emhlophe yekotoni. I-Sclerotia ifomu kwi-mycelium kwaye inokuwela ngokulula emhlabeni, iqala umjikelo kwakhona.
Kutheni ukungunda okumhlophe kukhula kwizityalo?
Umngundo yintsholongwane ehlala kwizilwanyana okanye kwizityalo, ngoko xa isasazeka emoyeni, emanzini, okanye kwizinambuzane, inokukhula emhlabeni, ekutyeni okanye kwezinye iindawo. Ukukhula nokuzala, ukungunda kufuna indawo efumileyo kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Ke ngoko, kwizityalo zakho, iimeko ezifumileyo, ezifudumeleyo nezifumileyo, njengokunkcenkceshelwa kakhulu okanye iimbiza ezingakhutshelwanga kakuhle, ziyathanda ukukhula kwazo. Ngokutsho kweengcali zokulima, izityalo zangaphakathi zithandwa kakhulu kwisikhunta kunezityalo zangaphandle ngenxa yokungena komoya, kodwa oku akusiyo umgaqo.
Ukungunda okumhlophe kwizityalo kudla ngokuvela kwiimeko ezifudumeleyo nezifumileyo. ngakumbi xa izityalo zixinene. Kuhlala kulula ukuyibona xa ibonakala kumagqabi ezityalo zethu, ikhangeleka njengamachokoza amhlophe afukufuku. Kwimeko yomhlaba, inokuphinda ibonakale njengamachaphaza amhlophe, kodwa kulula ukuyibhidanisa kunye nemigca yekalika okanye ityuwa.
Amabala ekalika okanye etyuwa avela ngenxa yokunkcenkceshela kuba ngamalungu amanzi athe aqokelelana emhlabeni. Ngokungafaniyo nokungunda, ezi ntsalela zivame ukuqina, zivumela ukuba zisuswe. Umngundo unokuvela umhlaba kuba usasazeka kuyo yonke i-substrate, ngamanye amaxesha ahlasele iimbiza kunye namagqabi.
Imeko yokungunda kwamagqabi, ngaphezu kokuchongwa ngokubonakala kwamachokoza amhlophe kunye neenwele ezisezantsi, kunokukhatshwa ngamagqabi afileyo kunye nezikhondo ezishwabeneyo. Izityalo zinokufa ngokupheleleyo ukuba azinyangwa.
Indlela yokususa isikhunta esimhlophe kwizityalo
Makhe sibone inyathelo ngenyathelo indlela yokususa ukungunda okumhlophe kwizityalo:
Lahla umaleko wokungunda omhlophe
Into yokuqala kukuhlukanisa isityalo, ekubeni isikhunta (i-spores yayo) sinokusasazeka kwezinye iimbiza. Kwindawo engena umoya, khupha isityalo ebhodweni ukuvavanya ingxaki, kwaye ujonge iingcambu zayo: ukuba ufumene iingcambu ezithambileyo okanye ezibolileyo, zinqumle.
Ngoku, ngoncedo lwemihlakulo yegadi okanye iharika, kufuneka ususe umhlaba wokuqala oyi-6 ukuya kwi-10 cm, owona mhlaba uphezulu, kwaye endaweni yokukhula kwesityalo endaweni entsha. Eli qhinga elincinci liya kukwanela ukuba isikhunta asihlali kwisityalo ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba oku akunjalo kwaye i-fungus ikwazile ukufikelela kubunzulu obunzulu, okanye iphinde ivuke emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, kufuneka sitshintshe wonke umhlaba kwiimbiza kwaye siphinde sibe nezityalo zeqabane lethu lobomi.
Kule nto, kulungele ukusebenzisa i-substrate efanelekileyo okanye i-compost ephilayo, ngakumbi kwizityalo, kuba siya kukwazi ukuba ukukhupha kuya kuba kuhle. Kanye into esiyifunayo ukuze amanzi angaqokeleli kwaye isikhunta esonwabileyo singaphinde siphume!
Enye ingcebiso kukongeza i-perlite okanye igrabile yegadi, inokuwenza lula umhlaba kwaye iwuthintele ekuhlanganiseni, njengoko besitshilo xa sithetha ngeyona substrate ilungileyo yecacti kunye ne-succulents. Nayiphi na kwezi zimbini iinketho inokuphucula amanzi. Sinokugubungela umphezulu wembiza ngoluhlu lweebhola zodongwe ezandisiweyo, elawula ukufuma kwaye inqande ukuvela kokungunda kwakhona.
Coca imbiza ngesepha kunye nesoda yokubhaka
Kwakhona kufuneka sicoce iimbiza neepani ngesepha yesitya (isicoci esiqhelekileyo), isuntswana lesoda yokubhaka, namanzi. Oomakhulu babenyanisile: isoda yokubhaka ifana nothuthu olulula olunceda ukususa ukungunda kwiimbiza kakuhle.
Njengoko kuthiwa ngamanye amaxesha, i-soda yokubhaka ayihlaseli i-fungus, kodwa yi-dehydrator enhle kakhulu esusa ukufuma kwiindawo (kanye into ethandwa yi-fungus). Yeka imbiza yome ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba uyigcwalise ngomhlaba omtsha.
Coca kakuhle amagqabi
Emva koko, amaqabunga achaphazelekayo kufuneka ahlanjwe ngamanzi aze omiswe ngephepha lekhitshi, elinye ngeqabunga ngalinye ukukhusela ukusasazeka kwesikhunta. Kwakhona, susa okanye unqumle amagqabi awonakeleyo okanye afileyo.
Ukuze oku kucocwe kusebenze ngakumbi, sinokusebenzisa i-eco-fungicide, okanye sizenzele thina ekhaya: ngenxa yoko sifuna isipuni sesoda yokubhaka (ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo esizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili), isiqingatha itispuni sesepha engamanzi, icephe yeoli yehorticultural (njengoko siyifumana kwiindawo zokugcina abantwana okanye kweli qhagamshelo) kunye nesiqingatha selitha yamanzi. Asizange siyitsibe ioyile kuba, ukongeza kwiipropathi zayo ze-antifungal, inceda umxube ukuba unamathele kakuhle kumngundo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokususa isikhunta esimhlophe kwizityalo.