Xa unesivuno, uyazi ukuba izitshabalalisi yenye yeengxaki ezinzima ohlangabezana nazo. Ukuba phakathi kwabo uzinikezela kwisidudu, ngakumbi umbona, kukho inamba yotshaba, ebizwa njalo I-Ostrinia nubilalis. Kodwa yintoni le bug inokubulala izityalo zakho?
Emva koko siza kuthetha I-Ostrinia nubilalis, yeempawu zayo, zezinto ezibangela izityalo nokuba zilwa njani ukuze zingonakalisi amasimi ombona.
Yintoni i I-Ostrinia nubilalis
El I-Ostrinia nubilalis, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-corn borer, eneneni sisitshabalalisi esiyingozi kakhulu kwi-cereal, ngakumbi kwimeko yombona. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lwakutsha nje luye lwafumanisa ukuba inokuhlasela nezinye izityalo, ezinje ngestrawberry, iapile okanye ipepile. Ngapha koko, iyaziwa ukuba injalo uyakwazi ukondla ukuya kuthi ga kwiindidi ezingama-200 zezityalo. Inzalelwa eYurophu, kodwa ngoku iyabandezeleka kweli lizwekazi nakuMntla Afrika nakuMntla Melika, apho yaziswa khona kwaye yafunyanwa okokuqala ngo-1917.
Umbona wesiporo unomjikelo wobomi otshintsha kwiqanda uye kumbungu, kwaye ukusuka kumbungu uye kumdala. Xa zingamaqanda, ezi ziphantse zathi tyaba, kuba ziyi-millimeter enye ububanzi kwaye zimhlophe ekuqaleni, zijika zibe mthubi ekugqibeleni. Umbungu uhlala ngaphakathi kwaye kuphela xa sele uza kuqandusela apho unentloko ebonakalayo emnyama. La maqanda ahlala ebekwa ngokwamaqela angama-30 kwaye athathe iintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezili-3 ukuqandusela.
Xa izibungu zizalwa, ziqala ukukhula kwaye zinokufikelela kuma-25mm, zinomzimba omfusa-mdaka namachokoza; nangona intloko ihleli emnyama okanye emdaka mnyama. Inyathelo elilandelayo yipapue, eyi-2cm ubude, emdaka kwimibala eyahlukeneyo ukusuka ekukhanyeni ukuya kumbala obomvu.
Ekugqibeleni, Iimpawu zabantu abadala zinokulinganisa i-22-32 mm kwaye zinamaphiko amthubi okanye amdaka ngebala, ze kamva zibe ngwevu emhlophe namabala.
Kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini. Umzekelo, iimazi zinkulu kunamadoda kwaye zinombala omnyama, otyheli-mdaka ngemigca emnyama, engaqhelekanga kwiphiko.
Kwenzeka njani ukuba I-Ostrinia nubilalis
El I-Ostrinia nubilalis Umntu omdala ubonakala eYurophu ngenyanga kaJuni, nangona kunjalo, imibungu kunokwenzeka ukuba ichithe ubusika ifihle kwaye ityebile kwaye emva koko yenzeke kwimetamorphosis ukuze ibe yimizekelo yabantu abadala.
Ngokwesiqhelo amaqanda abekwa ngabafazi emazantsi amagqabi. Xa izibungu ziqandusela, ziyakwenza oko emagqabini kwaye kamva ziye kufikelela encotsheni yesityalo. Apho bayakwazi ukungena kwii-internode zesiqu. Baqala ukwenza iigalari ngaphakathi, eziza kuzisebenzisa ukulala ngaphakathi, kodwa kunye notshintsho ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukonakalisa ngokupheleleyo isityalo.
Zeziphi iimpawu kunye nomonakalo awenzayo I-Ostrinia nubilalis
Ukuba unentsimi yombona, i-millet okanye enye yeentlobo ezingama-200 zezityalo ezikwaziyo ukuhlasela I-Ostrinia nubilalis, ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ufumanise ukuba ziintoni iimpawu eziveliswa sesi sibetho ukuze usebenze ngexesha. Olunye lweempawu ngokungathandabuzekiyo yimigca yemingxunya, ecwangciswe ngokuthe tye, kumagqabi amatsha esityalo. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba imibungu itya kuyo. Ukongeza, ukuba ujonga kancinci kancinci, uyakubona ilindle kunye nemingxunya encinci kwinxalenye yeziqu okanye nakwindawo ye-apical yecob.
Xa Umbungu ungeniswa ngaphakathi kwisityalo, into eyenzayo uyenza buthathaka, ibangela ukuba ikhule kancinci, ukubonelela ngeendlebe ngeegrama ezimbalwa zombona kwaye nokuba buthathaka, ukuya kwinqanaba lokubangela ukuba baphule umoya. Oku kungenxa yokuba, ngaphakathi, izibungu zisebenzisa izicwili zemithambo yeso sityalo, de ekugqibeleni zisibulale.
Indlela yokulwa nesibetho
Xa uzinikezela ekulimeni umbona, okanye nasiphi na isityalo esinokubandezeleka sisibetho se I-Ostrinia nubilalis, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba njalo ilungiselelwe kwaye ilumkele nawuphi na umba Oko kunokusenza siqonde ukuba kukho ingxaki kwizityalo. Ngokwesiqhelo owona monakalo mkhulu ubangelwe sesi sinambuzane kwenzeka kwisizukulwana sokuqala. Oko kukuthi, xa ingumbungu, kuba kulapho banakho ukuphelisa ubomi besityalo. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba akuyongozi emva koko. Kwaye ingahlasela ezinye izityalo zengqolowa okanye ezinye izityalo.
Ke ngoko, xa kufikwa ekulweni nesibetho, ezona zisetyenziswayo ziikhemikhali ezinokuthi zihlasele ezi bugs ngenjongo yokuyiphelisa ngexesha elifutshane ukuze zingonakalisi izityalo. Ngoku, ayisosisombululo sinye esikhoyo.
Iyafumaneka kwakhona Ulawulo lwebhayoloji olwenziwe ziihymenopterans zeparasitoid, njengeTrichogramma, ukungunda, iBeaververia bassiana; okanye iprotozoan, iNosema Pyrausta.
Kwaye okokugqibela, kukho ukubakho kokukhula kwengqolowa eguqulweyo eguqulweyo kwi-genome yayo. Into abayenzileyo kukubandakanya uhlobo lwentsholongwane yokubulala iintsholongwane ngokuchasene ne-bacterial Bacillus thuringiensis, ekwaziyo ukubulala hayi kuphela I-Ostrinia nubilalis, kodwa nakwimibungu yeLepidoptera.
Enye yezenzo ezenziwa ngabaninzi tshabalalisa iingcongolo ezisulelekileyo. Okanye nabo bajikelezileyo, ukunqanda ukwanda kwesi sifo kwezinye izityalo. Inokusebenza ngokude nje ukuba yenzeke kumanqanaba okuqala kodwa, xa sele ingumzekelo wabantu abadala, kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukujongana nale ndlela.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo sithetha ngengxaki enkulu izilimo. Kodwa eso sinesisombululo okoko sibanjiwe ngexesha ukunqanda ububi obukhulu kwisivuno (kuba isibetho sikwazi ukutshabalalisa yonke intsimi). Ngesi sizathu, ukujongwa kunye nokujongwa kwezityalo kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuze kubonwe ngaphambi kobubi obukhulu.