Ngokuqinisekileyo wakhe wayitya iswekile yommoba kwiswiti okanye iyogathi. Kwaye malunga nesiqingatha sayo yonke iswekile emhlabeni sikhutshwe kwisityalo esaziwa njenge umdiza weswekile. Igama layo lenzululwazi ngu Umzi-mveliso weswekile kwaye sisityalo ekubonakaleni kwaso kubonakala ngathi asinanto ikhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, sisiseko senye yezona mveliso zisetyenzisiweyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kakhulu kunokonakalisa impilo, kodwa kuyonwatyiswa ngabantu abadala nabancinci.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi zonke iimpawu, ibhayoloji kunye nokulima ummoba? Kule posi sikuxelela yonke into ngokunzulu 🙂
Iimpawu eziphambili
Into yokuqala ukukhankanywa malunga nesi sityalo kukuba sisityalo esishushu kunye nesigxina. Inxalenye yosapho lwengca. Ngesi sizathu, inxulumene nolunye utyani njengengqolowa, irayisi, ihabile okanye uqalo. Liqela lezitye ezomeleleyo, ezilukhuni, ezinamanzi, ezingenazo iziqu ezinee-internode. Ezi ziqu zinkulu zikhula zivela kwi-rhizomes apho kuvela khona iziqu zesibini.
Bayakwazi ukufikelela phantse kwiimitha ezintlanu ukuphakama. Imibala esinokuyifumana kummoba ukusuka kuluhlaza ukuya kupinki okanye mfusa.
Zinamaqabunga amade, ane-fibrous, lanceolate. Imiphetho yebala ngalinye icociwe kwaye ine-midrib. Banokulinganisa phakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-60 cm ubude kunye ne-5 cm ububanzi. Iphuhlisa i-panicles, uhlobo lwe-inflorescence, apho kugcinwa khona i-spikelets encinci yeentyatyambo kwaye eziphelweni zazo kunokubonwa uhlobo lokuntywila okude kunye nesilika.
Isiqhamo sesi sityalo yi-caryopsis kuphela i-1,5 millimeters ububanzi kwaye iqulethe imbewu enye ngaphakathi.
Indawo yokuhambisa
Nangona le ngcongolo ichithakele kwihlabathi lonke, Inemvelaphi yayo eMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Mhlawumbi yaqala ukulinywa kwiziqithi zePasifiki yoMzantsi okanye eNew Guinea. Kulapho, ukusuka kuma-6000 a. C. yaqala ukwanda. Okokuqala kwaqala kwimimandla eshushu kunye neetropiki zelizwekazi laseAsia. Yaqhubeka ke nge-Indian subcontinent, i-Yurophu, i-Afrika, i-Australia, i-mpuma mpuma ye-United States, iMexico, kunye noMzantsi Melika.
Namhlanje ummoba usasazwa ikakhulu kwimimandla ekweleenjiko kunye neyobushushu kwihlabathi liphela. Ezi zityalo zifunyenwe kwilizwe lethu nase Mzantsi Afrika. Ukulima kwenziwa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-70 kwihlabathi liphela, apho abavelisi bokuqala yiBrazil kunye neIndiya. Zizo ezivelisa isiqingatha seswekile emhlabeni.
Ukuzaliswa kunye neentlobo
Iintyatyambo zomoba ziyi-hermaphroditic. Ke ngoko, banakho ukusebenza njengamadoda nabasetyhini ngaxeshanye. Zidluliselwa ngumoya ngumoya ngaphandle kwesidingo sazo naziphi na izinambuzane.
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iintlobo, ukulinywa kwayo kwenziwa ikakhulu ngenxa yeziqu zayo hayi iziqhamo zayo. Iyakwazi ukusasazeka ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvota. Kungenxa yokuba ukuba sinqumle ukusikwa singaziqhekeza iziqu size sizivelise ukuze zingcamle. Ezi zicucu zityalwa entwasahlobo ngokuthe nkqo nangokuthe tye emhlabeni. Ngexesha elifutshane, baya kuba nakho ukuvelisa iingcambu ezintsha eziza kusetyenziswa ukukhulisa esinye isityalo. Iingcambu ziqala ukuvela kwiindawo zesikhondo.
Iimfuno zokhathalelo olufezekileyo
Imoba ifuna njalo indawo enelanga necacileyo. Ngokubhekisele emhlabeni, kungcono ukuba ufumile, ube nomsele olungileyo kwaye uchume. Ubume bunokuba ludongwe, intaba-mlilo okanye alluvial.
Amaqondo obushushu ayimfuneko ukuze ihlale ikwimeko entle kufuneka ibe phezulu. Ngaphantsi kwe -5 ° C isityalo sinokonakaliswa kakhulu oko kungabeka engozini ukukhula kwabo. Ngesi sizathu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyikhusele kwiqabaka elinokubakho kwiindawo ezibandayo.
Iindidi ze Umzi-mveliso weswekile zihlala zahlulwe zangamaqela, njenge Bourbon, Batavian, Mauritius kunye ne Otaheite, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukusetyenziswa kweswekile
Imveliso efuneka kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela ukuba esi sityalo siqulathe iswekile efumaneka kwijusi yeziqu. Iseti equlathe iswekile ingwevu kwaye iluhlaza ngombala. Inencasa eswiti, kodwa intwana ikrakra. Ukuze idliwe ngakumbi, iphathwa ngamachiza kwaye iyancipha ibe yisiraphu. Nje ukuba ifunyenwe, iyabiliswa ide ikhazimle. Iswekile yommoba inokucokiswa kwaye yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuthengisa.
Singatsho ukuba siswiti kwindalo iphela. Itholakala kwizigidi zeemveliso zazo zonke iintlobo, ezahlukileyo phakathi kokutya, iidessert kunye neziselo. Baninzi abantu abathanda ukutya incindi ngokuthe ngqo ngokuhlafuna intonga.
Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka kulawulwe kakhulu, kuba kunxulunyaniswa nokutyeba kunye neswekile. Kwaye iswekile yomhlanga ithathwa njengekhabohayidrethi ebonelela ngamandla emzimbeni. Oko kukuthi, kubalulekile ukuba umzimba wenze imisebenzi, kodwa ukugqitha emzimbeni kuyingozi. Zonke izidlo ezineswekile eninzi zinxulunyaniswa nokutyeba, ukubola kwamazinyo, isifo seswekile, kunye nokunciphisa umgangatho wobomi ngokubanzi. Inyaniso, kubantu abaninzi kukhokelela ekufeni.
Nangona kubonakala kungaqhelekanga, le iswekile isetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa amayeza kwi-antiseptic, diuretic, laxative kunye neepiootonic. Umzekelo, eMzantsi Asia isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zokuphefumla kunye namanxeba avulekileyo.
Olunye usetyenziso olunokuthi lunikezwe njengamafutha. Ummoba uvelisa izixa ezikhulu zebiomass ezinokutshiswa zivelise umbane okanye i-biofuel.
Izisongelo nolondolozo
Kuba sisityalo esifunwa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela ayivavanywa njengesongelo. Yinto eyahlukileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuxhaphake kakhulu njengokulinywa kwayo. Iifungi, iintsholongwane, izinambuzane, kunye nematodes ziintshaba zakho; ukuba ziyanda, zinokubangela izifo ekunzima ukuziphelisa. Ezinye zezinto eziphilayo ezinokwenza ukuba iintlobo zigule zezi Allantospora radicicola, Asterostroma cervicolor, Graphium sacchari, Xanthomonas albilineans, kunye neTrichoderma lignorum.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba iswekile yommoba ivelaphi kwaye uyithathe ngokumodareyitha.