El shiitake ngundo olungeqela leqela Amakhowa aseJapan Kwaye iyaxatyiswa eTshayina naseJapan, kunye nehlabathi liphela. Ineepropathi ezintle ezisebenza njengokutya okulungileyo kodwa ikwanazo neempawu zonyango, phakathi kwazo iipropathi zayo zonyango ezaziwayo ukusukela mandulo. Incasa yayo imnandi kwaye ayiqhelekanga kakhulu kunekhowa. Phakathi kwale flavour kunye neempawu zayo zonyango kuyenza ibe likhowa eliphakathi kwamakhowa aselwe kakhulu emhlabeni.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, iipropathi kunye nomdla malunga neshiitake.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Nangona yaziwa ikakhulu njenge-shiitake mushroom, igama layo lenzululwazi ngu I-Lentinula edode. Inomnqwazi uninzi lweekopi zihlala zinayo ububanzi obuphakathi kweesentimitha ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-10. Ngexesha elininzi lokuphuhliswa kweli khowa, ikepusi inesimo se-convex kodwa ihlala ithambile kwaye idandathekise xa ifikelela kwinqanaba lokuvuthwa. Esi sisalathiso sobudala obunokubakho bomngundo.
Ine-cuticle emnyama emnyama ehambelana ncam nezinye iisampulu. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo phakathi kwabantu abahlukeneyo kuba amanye ama-mushroom ane-cuticle enemibala njengoko usondela emaphethelweni omnqwazi. Kule mimandla inombala we-ocher. Umnqwazi ugudile ekuqaleni kodwa kusetyenziswa izikali ezikhaphukhaphu. Umda luhlobo lokuzibandakanya kuzo zonke iisampulu ezincinci. Njengoko befikelela ebudaleni, ababini bayangenelela kwaye ekugqibeleni banokwandiswa ngokupheleleyo.
Olunye uphawu olusebenza ukwahlula i-shiitake kukuba umnqwazi wayo awuqhutywa kwaye unemikhondo yesigqubuthelo esinyamalala ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ine-laminae emhlophe emhlophe kwaye ijike ibe mdaka kwaye ifumane iithowuni ezimthubi njengoko ikhula. Ezi blade zisondelelene kwaye zinomda ombi.
Ngonyawo, imfutshane kodwa iyafana nawo wonke umzimba. Luhlobo lweenyawo ezizele yinyama kwaye umbala wayo uyafana nalowo womnqwazi. Inemicu emincinci embalwa. Igobile kwisiseko kwaye inendawo eyenziwe ngamatye esigqubuthelo.
Okokugqibela, inyama yeli mushroom ityebile kwaye iyaxinana. Unombala omhlophe kunye nevumba elimnandi lomngundo. Incasa yeli khowa icace gca kwaye yeyayo. Oku kuyenza ibe likhowa elisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye noluhlu lwe shiitake
Olu hlobo lwamakhowa lusasazeka kwaye lulinywa ikakhulu kwisiseko somthi. Ngendlela yendalo ibekwe kwiindawo ezikufutshane neendawo apho izityalo zifumaneka khona entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kumazwe amaninzi luhlobo lwasemzini oluthwala isiqhamo ngokwamaqela. Ayibi luhlobo olungenelelayo.
Ukulinywa kweshiitake kwaqala kumazwe asempuma kwiminyaka eyi-1000 eyadlulayo. Nangona kunjalo, udumo lwayo aluzange lusasazeke kude kube kutshanje xa lwaziswa kwiNtshona Yurophu. Kwaye inezinto ezingacacanga nangona inokuba ineentlobo ezithile ezinokudideka kuzo. Sithetha ngayo I-Neolentinus adhaerens. Luhlobo olunqabileyo lwe-mushroom olunokudideka okunokwenzeka kunye ne-shiitake. Umahluko ophambili kukuba unencasa ebabayo kwaye uswele isikali esicaba somnqwazi.
Nangona kunjalo, azikho iingxaki ezininzi xa kuziwa ekudidekeni, kuba ikwayinto entle enokutyiwa enencasa ethile engaqhelekanga kodwa emnandi. Amachiza ayachaphazeleka kolu hlobo ukusukela Ukhupha i-politaccharide ye-antitumor kwaye ufundwa njengokusetyenziswa kwentsholongwane. Ke ngoko, ukudideka okunokwenzeka kweshiitake akunikiwanga ngokubaluleka kakhulu.
Iipropathi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweshiitake
Ukuba sihlalutya olu hlobo lwe-mushroom ngesondlo sinokubona ukuba banazo zonke ii-amino acid ezifanelekileyo. Ikwaveze ukuba inexabiso elikhulu lezimbiwa kubandakanya ubuninzi bentsimbi, ikhalsiyam kunye nezinc. Ikwanomxholo ophezulu we iivithamini zeqela B, E kunye no-D, ii-acid ezingafakwanga kunye nenani elikhulu leepolysaccharides.
Ngumakhowa owenzela amayeza asetyenziselwa ukulwa nezifo ezenzeka ngenxa yengqele egqithisileyo. Ezi zifo zezi: i-bronchitis, ukubanda, i-rhinitis, umkhuhlane kunye nezinye izifo zentsholongwane. La mayeza ayanyaniswa nawo ngenxa yokuba inoluhlu lweziphumo ezisebenzayo kwizifo. Makhe sihlalutye ezi ziphumo:
- I-Lentinian yipolysaccharide evuselela ii-macrophages, ii-lymphocyte kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-interferon. Oku kwenza i-shiitake Ingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukukhula kwamathumba.
- Inohlobo lwe-alkaloid ebizwa ngokuba yi-eitadenine enceda ukuthoba amanqanaba e-serum cholesterol kwaye ikwanazo nezinye iziphene ekwehliseni uxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Ukongeza kwiipolysaccharides kunye neeproteoglycans ezichazwe apha ngasentla, inomxholo ophezulu we-provitamin D. Vitamin D yile nto ikhutshwe kukukhanya kwelanga. Ezi polysaccharides zineziphumo zokulwa intsholongwane kunye nokugonywa.
- Ayisiyiyo kuphela i-polysaccharides kodwa ikwanayo ne-disaccharides. Umzekelo wale trehalose. Iswekile ecothayo yokucola ethanda ukukhula kweBifidobacteria brevis kunye neLactobacillus brevis kwikholoni. Ukuphuhliswa kwale bhaktiriya kunceda iintyatyambo zamathumbu.
Ukupheka kwamakhowa
IShiitake inevumba elinzulu kakhulu elithetha ivumba lomhlaba, icaramel kunye nenutmeg. Lo mxube wenza ukuba ungcamle njenge-umami. Kukhethwa ukuba kungcono ukusebenzisa i-shiitakes entsha. Nje ukuba sibapheke sinokubona ukuba banobunono obuthambileyo kunye nobuthathaka ngakumbi.
Ukuze sizipheke, kufuneka sizithambise ngamanzi afudumeleyo ubusuku bonke okanye ubuncinci phakathi kweeyure ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-6 ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa. Singazifaka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesuphu okanye isityu kodwa kufuneka uhlale ukhumbula ukuba kufuneka ziphekwe ngaphezulu kunezinye. Unyawo kufuneka lususwe lube yimicu kwaye sinokubapheka bephelele okanye ngamashiti.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi nge-shiitake.