Zonke izinto eziphilayo bahlelwa ngokwamaqela aliqela aneedigri ezahlukeneyo zobudlelwane. Kubukumkani bezityalo, amanqanaba ohlukeneyo okuhlelwa kubandakanya iklasi, ucwangco, usapho, uhlobo, kunye neentlobo.
Injongo yamagama kukucwangcisa umhlaba wezityalo kwaye uninzi luneentlobo ezimbini zamagama: eziqhelekileyo kunye nezityalo.
Iindidi zamagama ezityalo
Igama eliqhelekileyo
Igama eliqhelekileyo lesityalo kulula ukuyibiza kwaye ichaza kakhulu. Amagama anentliziyo esophayo kunye neendevu zebhokhwe zinika ukuqonda kubuntu besityalo okanye ukubonakala kwaso.
Amagama aqhelekileyo bakwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo kwaye azifihlwanga nangayiphi na indlela. Bahlala bedideka, kuba isityalo esinye sinokuba namagama ahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Igama leBotanical kunye negama elibi
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-200, imodeli yokuhlela ye Igama lesityalo okanye igama lezenzululwazi lesityalo, yamiselwa nguLinnaeus (1707-1778.
I-Linnaeus yenze lula inkqubo yokuqamba amagama ngokusebenzisa inkqubo "encinci". Kwinqanaba elilula lokuhlelwa kobunzululwazi, isityalo ngasinye sinegama lezityalo elenziwe ngamacandelo amabini, igama eliqhelekileyo okanye uhlobo, kunye neepithet ethile.
Ngokudibeneyo baziwa njenge i-binomial Kwaye kwindibano, igama liprintwe ngoonobumba abakekeleyo.
Isini
Igama lokuqala limele elona qela likhulu apho isityalo sikhona, uhlobo, kwaye unobumba wokuqala uhlala ebhalwe. Zihlala zise-latíAsingawo amagama asuka kwezinye iilwimi, ngakumbi isiGrike.
Iintlobo
Igama lesibini luhlobo kunye unobumba wayo wokuqala ubhalwe ngoonobumba abancinci. Igama lesilwanyana lihlala lichaza umba othile wesityalo, umzekelo: i-hawthorn I-Crataegus missouriensis, Yabizwa emva kwelizwe laseMissouri.
Iintyatyambo zezona ndawo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwisityalo ngamagama. Ngokwazi imigaqo yeentyatyambo, uya kwazi amagama amaninzi ezityalo. Umzekelo ngumbala, yiyo loo nto iintlobo eziqhelekileyo 'lactiflora' okanye 'alba' zithetha ukuba mhlophe, 'lutea' tyheli, 'purpurea' mfusa kunye 'rubrum' bomvu.
Nje ukuba isini sisetyenziswe kumhlathi sinokushunqulelwa, njenge S. ubukhazikhazi. Uhlobo olungachazwanga okanye olungaziwayo kwi-genus Sage, ibiya kubhalwa njenge USalvia sp. Ukuba ngaphezulu kwesinye sodidi lubonakalisiwe kuhlobo, kuya kubhalwa USalvia spp., ezimbini p.
Ngamanye amaxesha kwirhafu yezityalo uza kubona igama lesithathuKwiimeko ezinjalo, sifumana ngokuthe ngqo ngakumbi, sithathela ingqalelo umahluko phakathi kohlobo. Ngokwesiqhelo, eli gama lesithathu libonisa indidi elinywayo; izakuvela kwizicatshulwa ezizodwa kwaye ileta yayo yokuqala iya kubhalwa, nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, eli gama lesithathu libonisa indalo eyahlukileyo.
Igama lokwahlukahluka landulelwa sisifinyezo "var". Ngaphandle kokuba igama elahlukileyo ligama elifanelekileyo, Ileta yayo yokuqala ayifakwanga. Njengegama lohlobo kunye neepithet ezithile, igama elahlukileyo liya kwenziwa italicized.
Los Umxube okanye umnqamlezo phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo, Banikwa amagama awodwa ahamba phambili ngo-x. Ngamanye amaxesha elinye igama longezwa emva kwegama lohlobo kunye ne-epithet engafakwanga italicized okanye ephawulwe ngamanqaku okucaphuna. Ibhekisa kwigama lomntu oqale wachaza isityalo. Ngamanye amaxesha la magama ashunqulelwa. Xa igama lishunqulelwe njengo "L", lithetha "uLinnaeus."
Intsapho
Nangona kunjalo Igama lokutyunjelwa binomial libandakanya kuphela uhlobo kunye neentloboKukwaluncedo kakhulu ukwazi ukuba loluphi usapho olukuzo izityalo.Lolu luncedo olukhulu ekuchongeni izityalo, kuba kwinqanaba losapho, zihlala zinempawu ezifanayo zomzimba.
Iintsapho zezityalo amagama abizwa ngokusebenzisa isichazi sesi-Latin esiphelela kwi- "aceae" kwaye isichazi sichaza ngokubanzi isini okanye uphawu losapho. Amagama osapho ahlala aqala ngoonobumba abakhulu kwaye abhalwa kwikhonkco eliqhelekileyo, umzekelo uFabaceae-ogama linguFaba (imbotyi)