El Taxus baccata fastigiata Yi-conifer ekhula ngokucothayo eyaziwa e-Spain njenge-yew, umthi onokufunyanwa uwedwa, wenze i-hedges kunye ne-horticultural specimen. Umthi wayo wawuxatyiswe kakhulu kumaxesha amandulo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo, kwaye yayisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwezaphetha kwaye kamva kwikhabhinethi kunye ne-marquetry. Ifuna ukhathalelo oluthile ukuze ikhule kwiimeko ezilungileyo.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuze sikuxelele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga ne Taxus baccata fastigiata kunye neempawu zabo.
Indawo yokuhlala Taxus baccata fastigiata
Kwindawo ehlala kuyo ikhula njengomthi wodwa kwaye ixube nezinye iintlobo, maxa wambi yenze ihlathi. ESpeyin zibalasele ngakumbi njengemizekelo yeenkqubo zeentaba ezisemantla. Eminye imizekelo:
- Ihlathi leyew laseSierra del Sueve, eAsturias: ILas Tejedas del Sueve lelona hlathi lakudala lithathwa njengelona qela likhulu le-yew (Taxus baccata) eYurophu kunye nelinye lawona mahlathi amadala kwilizwekazi laseYurophu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba eli hlathi lenziwe yimithi yeyew engaphezu kwama-8.000 ethe saa kwindawo emalunga neehektare ezingama-80. Indawo yayo ikwilitye likakalika kumda weBay of Biscay.
- IBraña de los Yews, Liébana, Cantabria: Ifumaneka kwithafa elincinci eliphakamileyo, iLa Braña de los Tejos ifana nenqaba yokubukela egqibeleleyo kwaye, njengoko igama layo libonisa, izele yimithi ye-yew. Intsimi yayo yombono igubungela i-360 degrees, kwaye ukuba ungeze ubukho bale yews ekhethekileyo kwindawo yayo, sinendawo yobuhle obukhethekileyo. Ukufika kwiBraña de los Tejos sineendlela ezininzi zokukhetha. Eyona ilula kwaye ikhawulezayo ivela eSan Pedro de Bedoia, apho iqala khona indlela kwaye ibhalwe njengeSendero Corto PR-S4. Kufuneka nje uyilandele de sime kule "nature reserve" yokwenene. Enye inketho kukuqala ukusuka eSanta María de Lebeña kwaye uqhubeke ngokuthe tye kwindlela elungiswe kakuhle, kodwa ngaphambi kweBrañade los Tejos iya kunyuka.
- Ihlathi laseTejedelo phakathi kweZamora ne-Ourense: umthi omdala weyew kumasipala wase Requejo de Sanabria, indawo enegama elifanayo kumntla-ntshona wequadrant yephondo lase Zamora, eSpain. I-El Tejedelo ikwi-slope ejongene nomntla kwi-1.350 yeemitha ngaphezu komgangatho wolwandle.
Iimpawu eziphambili
El Taxus baccata fastigiata Ngumthi okanye ityholo elinokufikelela kubude obuziimitha ezingama-20 kwinqanaba lalo labantu abadala. Njengoko ikhula, yenza isithsaba esibanzi esinamasebe awo anqamlezileyo okanye athe tyaba, ngakumbi eziphelweni. Amagqabi awo anomlinganiselo ophakathi kwe-10 – 30 x 1,5 – 3 mm ngobukhulu. Ziluhlaza bumnyama ngaphezulu kwaye ziluhlaza-tyheli ngaphantsi, ziphela ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwincam enempondo.
Ukudubula kwayo kugxile phakathi kukaJanuwari noFebruwari, ivelisa iziqhamo ukusuka kuOktobha ukuya kuDisemba. Ukuvunwa kwe-Aril kwenziwa ngesandla ekupheleni kokwindla.
Iziqhamo zibunjwe ngonodoli ukusuka kwi-7 ukuya kwi-12 mm (i-pseudofruits ye-gymnosperms) kwaye ziquka imbewu enye ejikelezwe inxalenye ye-aril ebomvu ebomvu evuthwa ngexesha lonyaka wekhalenda. Imbewu ye-oval, 6-8 mm ubude, i-exophytic woody, kunye ne-apex encinci ekupheleni, kunye ne-cap emhlophe ekhanyayo.
Isityalo sonke se-yew sinobuthi, ngaphandle kwe "inyama" yeziqhamo zayo, ezidliwa yinani elikhulu lezilwanyana.
El Taxus baccata fastigiata uhlala emthunzini wemiwonyo, imiwonyo kunye namathambeka e-Iberia Peninsula, ubukhulu becala kumatye ekalika; phantse isoloko iyinto eyodwa, rhoqo kwimihlaba enamatye nakwimingxuma yamatye. E-Andalusia inokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-2.100 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, kodwa kwezinye iindawo zikasingasiqithi iphakathi kwe-500 ne-1.800 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.
Ukunyamekela Taxus baccata fastigiata
Ukutyala i Taxus baccata fastigiata, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukwenza unyango ngaphambi kokuntshula kwembewu, njenge ubuchule obufana nokubeka, ukukrwela, ukufunxwa kwamanzi abandayo, ukucwiliswa kwangaphambili, kunye nokukhenkceza.
Ngokwesiko, ukulinywa komthi we-yew kwi-nursery kuye kwaqhutyelwa kwi-vegetative propagation (cuttings), nangona kwiminyaka yamuva nje ukusetyenziswa kwembewu kuye kwasasazeka, nangona kunzima ukuhluma. Ukuba sithenga imbewu, amaxabiso amkelekileyo aphakathi kwe-95-98% yobunyulu kunye ne-98% yamandla okuntshula. Njengesikhokelo, kukho malunga ne-17 imbewu ngegram.
Imbewu ye-Yew idla ngokuhlwayelwa ekwindla kwaye ihlume kwintwasahlobo yokuqala okanye yesibini. Ukuhlwayela kwenziwa kwiitreyi okanye kwiibhokisi ezikwi substrates ezikhethekileyo zeseedbeds. Ingasetyenziswa njenge substrate kwizityalo zangaphakathi, kuzo zombini iimeko kufuneka igcinwe ifumile de imbewu intshule.
Ezi zisasazwa phezu kwe-substrate kwaye ngoko nangoko zigqunywe kancinci ngesubstrate efanayo okanye ivermiculite ukwenzela ukuba imbewu ibe nokufuma kuwo wonke umphezulu wayo. Ukuhluma yi-epidermis, i-seedling i-2-3 cm ubude, amaqabunga asekuqaleni anjengenaliti, ii-whorls ezisibhozo, eziluhlaza-tyheli. Xa izithole zinamagqabi okwenyaniso, zigqobhoze kwiidiski ze-alveolar. Ezi zinokuzaliswa ngamajelo akhethekileyo akhulayo okanye izityalo zangaphandle. Ukulima kunokuqhutyelwa kwizikhongozelo zehlathi ze-300 ukuya kwi-400 cm3 ukufumana ubungakanani bokugqibela besityalo se-15 ukuya kwi-40 cm ukuphakama ukutshintshela kwintsimi, igadi okanye isitya. Khumbula ukuba i-yew ikhula ngokukhawuleza.
Ukhathalelo lwegadi
Njengemisipres, ehlala ixesha elide kakhulu, iiyew bezisetyenziselwa ukuhombisa amangcwaba ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Kodwa kwigadi, ngakumbi esidlangalaleni, i-yew ifumene indima ephambili. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iheji kwaye ngenxa yokuhluma kwayo inamandla okwenza umqobo onamagqabi amaninzi, ukongeza ukukhula kwawo okucothayo kuthintela ukuthenwa rhoqo. Kwakhona njengemithi esecaleni ethatha inxaxheba kwisakhiwo somyezo kunye nomntu ngamnye. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iindlela zokuthena ziyasetyenziswa.
Indawo yayo inelanga, irustic kakhulu kwaye ngomhlaba omtsha iya kukhula kakuhle. Ngokuphathelele ukuchumisa kwayo, yanele ukuchumisa ukuze kugcinwe igadiUkuba i-chlorosis iyenzeka, i-iron chelate kufuneka yongezwe kumanzi okunkcenkceshela amaxesha ngamaxesha kwidosi ecetyiswa ngumenzi ukulungisa imeko.
Qaphela ukuba kukho iindidi ezininzi ze-yew, kuquka iindidi ezininzi ezinamagqabi atyheli. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba zonke iindawo ze-yew plant, ngaphandle kwe-aril egquma isiqhamo, zinetyhefu. Iingcambu, amasebe, iziqu, amagqabi, imbewu... onke amalungu ngaphandle kwenyama anetyhefu kuba isiqhamo sawo sityiwa ziintaka (imbewu ayityiswa yinkqubo yazo yokwetyisa) ukuze kube lula ukusasazeka kweentlobo.
Nangona umkhuba wokuzibulala ngetyhefu ye-yew wawuxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabemi bamandulo basemantla eSpeyin, ngoku kunqabile kakhulu, kwaye phantse rhoqo, kwaye ukuba kwenzeka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamaqunube ayo ngumntwana otsalwa yityhefu. Umbala we-aril kunye nencasa eswiti kakhulu ukuba imbewu yayo ihlafunwa. Masikhumbule, njengomgaqo oqhelekileyo, ukuba ukungeniswa kwesiqhamo akubangeli umonakalo, ekubeni ulusu lwangaphandle lwembewu alutshintshwanga xa ludlula kwindlela yokugaya.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga Taxus baccata fastigiata kunye neempawu zabo.