Omnye wemithi phakathi kosapho lweCannabaceae kunye nohlobo lweCeltis yile iqunube. Ngumthi ophuma kwiindawo ezipholileyo ofumaneka phantse kuwo onke amazwekazi. Iyaziwa ngegama eliqhelekileyo le-hackberry, kodwa nangamanye amagama afana neLatonero, Lodoño, Aligonero, Almecino, Lodón, Lidón kunye neLironero. Ziyimithi enesithsaba esibanzi nesingqukuva esiqhele ukufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-25 ubude. Ziye zikhule ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibe nobomi obude, yiyo loo nto zisetyenziswa njengemithi yokwenza imithunzi kwizitiya nasezitalatweni okanye kwiipaki zoluntu. Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba yintoni ukhathalelo lwe-hackberry ukuze ikhule kakuhle.
Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu kunye nokunyamekela kwe-hackberry.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Banesithsaba esijikelezileyo esibanzi kwaye banokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-25 ubude. Amagqabi ayo a-lanceolate, aluhlaza kwindawo ephezulu kwaye ayabonakala kwindawo engezantsi. Zivelisa iintyatyambo ezincinci ze-axillary kwaye zivelise iziqhamo ezityiwayo ezingqukuva.
Ziyimithi ekhula ngokukhawuleza nephila ixesha elide (iminyaka engama-300 ukuya kuma-600) kwaye isetyenziswa njengemithi yomthunzi kwizitiya, kwizitrato zikawonke-wonke, nakwiipaki. Umthi wayo ufanelekile kakhulu ukwenza izixhobo. Ngenxa yeengcambu zayo ezinzulu, amatyholo angatyalwa phantsi kweenyawo zawo ukuze enze umthunzi.
Ivela kumazantsi eYurophu, emantla eAfrika naseAsia Minor. IHackberry ihlala kuyo yonke iMeditera, ukusuka kwinqanaba lolwandle ukuya kwi-1.200 yeemitha ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Ibekwe yodwa kwihlabathi kwimilambo kwaye ikufuphi nomthombo kunye nedama (ayikhe lenze ihlathi). Phakathi kwamafama aseCatalan, kuyisiko ukuba iindlalifa zentsapho zityale i-hackberry ekuzalweni kwayo.
IHackberry yeyentsapho yase-Ulmus. Ingumthi ovuthulukayo nobude obuziimitha ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-25, isiqu simile kwaye singqukuva, kwaye ixolo lingwevu, lifana ne-beech, lingenazo izibazi ezicacileyo. Ikomityi engqukuva ingakhula ibe nkulu. Inamagqabi anqabileyo, a-ovoid okanye a-lanceolate, anamazinyo emaphethelweni, iziphelo ezide ezigobileyo kunye neziseko ezilinganayo.
Iziqhamo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-hackberry okanye i-hackberry ene-pulp eswiti kunye nencasa emnandi, zisetyenziswa kumayeza esintu kwaye zibalulekile kwizilwanyana kwaye zilungele ukuba abantwana bazibukele kwaye badlale. Le nkuni ikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa, ngakumbi eCatalonia, apho isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweefolokhwe. Ihlala kwimijelo, amathambeka kunye neendawo eziselunxwemeni zemilambo kunye nemilambo, yaziwa ngokuba luhlobo lwehlathi elixubeneyo leMeditera, iindlela kunye nemithi ye-elm, kodwa. rhoqo kwimozulu epholileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kweHackberry
Akuqhelekanga ukuba ibumbe ehlathini, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lweempawu zodongwe, ibonakala ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na kumhlaba omtsha okhululekile. Ngumthi isetyenziswa kakhulu kwigadi zabucala nezikawonke-wonke, kwaye ikwangumthi welungiselelo leendlela kunye nezitrato. Ibonelela ngomthunzi omhle, oxineneyo. Entwasahlobo, ehlotyeni nasekuqaleni kwekwindla, amagqabi ayo ashinyeneyo aluhlaza ahombise kakhulu.
Nasebusika obungenamagqabi, inomtsalane kakhulu. Amagqabi avuthulukayo abonisa ubuhle be-hackberry, isiqu esimpunga esigudileyo kunye namasebe amancinci angenasiphelo enza i-canopy ebanzi awenza umthi owakhiwe kakuhle.
Ukuhlwayela
Nkcenkceshela imithi emincinci nesanda kutyalwa rhoqo, kwaye xa sele imisiwe emhlabeni, ukunkcenkceshela kunokugcina umgama. Izityalo ze-hackberry zabantu abadala zingahlala ixesha elide ngaphandle kokunkcenkceshela rhoqo ngenxa yokuba zineengcambu ezinzulu, ezivumela ukuba zifikelele kumswakama emhlabeni. I-Hackberry ivelisa ngembewu kunye ne-spikes, kunye nobuchule bayo bokubumba kwimihlaba enamatye buyenza ibe luncedo kakhulu ekuphuculeni nasekulondolozeni imihlaba eyonakeleyo. Amanyathelo okutyala i-hackberry zezi zilandelayo:
- Khetha imbewu okanye iindlebe ze-hackberry kwaye uhlukanise izityalo komnye nomnye.
- Beka isityalo kwindawo enelanga.
- Sebenzisa umhlaba wekalika okhupha amanzi kakuhle.
- Nkcenkceshela kanye okanye kabini ngeveki ukugcina ukufuma.
- Qaphela ngamasebe ukuze ungawafaki kwaye uthintele ukuphuhliswa kwezityalo.
Ukhathalelo lweHackberry
IHackberry ithanda iindawo ezipholileyo, ezifumileyo kancinci, kodwa inokumelana nembalela kakuhle. Unokuphila ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-500. Kufanelekile kakhulu ukusekwa kweqela. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo kwimithi yomthunzi wasezidolophini ekhula kancinci kuba iyaxhathisa kungcoliseko, ayinazifunxi-gazi kunye nezifo.
Kwakhona, Ukuzinza kwayo kuye kwaqatshelwa. I-Hackberry ingakhula kwiindawo ezinelanga kunye neentlobo ezininzi zomhlaba, ukusuka kwimihlaba eyomileyo, enobumba ukuya kwimihlaba echumileyo. Lo mthi ukhula kakuhle kumhlaba ongenamanzi, ofumileyo.
Izityalo ezikhula kumhlaba we-alkaline zichaphazeleka kukukhula kwazo kwaye zidla ngokuba mfutshane kwaye zicotha. Olu hlobo lomthi, njenge-hackberry, lufanelekile kwiindawo ezixinzelelekileyo ezisezidolophini kuba ziziphatha kakuhle kule ndawo, ngoko zikhula ngokuqhelekileyo.
Inokusasazwa lula ngembewu; Iingxaki ezidla ngokuba nazo ezi ntlobo zemithi ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhula zinxulumene nokukwazi kwamasebe awo ukubhijela ngexesha lokukhula komthi. I-Hackberry inokusasazwa ngokusikwa ekwindla kwaye igxilwe kuyo i-substrate ekumgangatho ophezulu equlethe isanti erhabaxa ukukhuthaza ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi. Beka i-cuttings kwindawo epholileyo kwaye ugcine umhlaba ufumile de ube neengcambu.
Iqhakaza phakathi kuka-Epreli noJuni entwasahlobo, kuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa, iintyatyambo zayo zincinci kwaye zodwa, zincinci zicacile, ngamanye amaxesha ziyi-hermaphrodites, zivela kwii-axils zamagqabi amahlumela amancinci, zidlula kwi-petioles ende.
Ulungiso
Ngenxa yohlobo lomthi we-hackberry genus, ayifuni ukuthenwa, kuphela xa kuyimfuneko kwaye ayikwazi ukuthwala kakuhle ukuthenwa kwamasebe ashinyeneyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kukulungele ukunqumla amasebe xa esekho kakuhle kwaye uphathe amanxeba okanye amanxeba kwizityalo kunye neemveliso ze-antifungal.
I-Hackberry inokosulelwa zizifo ezininzi kuba iphantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kwindalo, iimeko zemozulu okanye umhlaba. Ukuba ikhula kwindawo enempilo, kodwa iphinde ibe sesichengeni sembalela, ingqele okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iya kuba yindawo efanelekileyo yokwanda kwezinambuzane. Izinambuzane ezihlasela i-hackberry ziquka i-fire blight kunye nerusi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokunyamekelwa kwe-hackberry kunye neempawu zayo.