Namhlanje siza kuthetha malunga nokulinywa kwe I-alfalfa kumhlaba jikelele. Imvelaphi yayo yenzeka eAsia Minor naseCaucasus esemazantsi. Ibandakanya amazwe anjengeTurkey, i-Iran, iSyria, i-Iraq, iPakistan ne-Afghanistan. Ukusasazeka kwesi sityalo kwenziwa ngama-Arabhu ngakuMantla e-Afrika, kwaye ke, yindlela eyafikelela ngayo eSpain kwaye yasasazeka kuyo yonke iYurophu.
Kule nqaku siza kuthetha ngokulinywa kwe-alfalfa, zeziphi ezona zinto zisetyenziswayo kunye nokubaluleka kwezoqoqosho.
Descripción
NgamaPersi awazisa i-alfalfa eGrisi. Ukusuka apha yadlulela e-Italiya ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC.Yisityalo esisesosapho lwemidumba. Igama layo lezenzululwazi yiMedicago sativa. Sisityalo esinamagqabi ahlala eluhlaza, simile kwaye sinempilo. Inengcambu ende ende, eyomeleleyo kunye nepivoting. Ukuba iimeko zilungile, zinokuba ziingcambu ukuya kwiimitha ezi-5 ubude. Ukusuka kwingcambu ephambili kulapho ezinye iingcambu eziziisekondari zahlulwe khona.
Inesithsaba esiphuma emhlabeni kwaye kulapho kuvela khona amahlumela enza iziqu. Ezi zincinci kwaye zimile kwaye zinokuxhasa ngokugqibeleleyo ubunzima bamagqabi kunye ne-inflorescence unyaka wonke. Nangona zibhityile, ziyahambelana. Oku kuyenza ibe sisityalo esifanelekileyo sokucheba.
Ngokuphathelele amagqabi awo, a-trifoliate. Amagqabi okuqala anempahla efanayo. Emva koko bakhula ngokupheleleyo. Imida yamagqabi igudile ngokupheleleyo kwaye inemiphetho ephezulu eneserver. Ineentyatyambo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye zimfusa, inee-inflorescence ngokwamaqela azalwe zii-axils zamagqabi.
Isiqhamo yimbotyi engenawo ameva kwaye ineembewu embala omthubi phakathi kwesi-2 nesi-6.
Ukubaluleka kwezoqoqosho kwe-alfalfa
I-Alfalfa ibaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Sisityalo esixhaphake kakhulu kuwo onke amazwe anemozulu epholileyo. Ulimo lwemfuyo olunzulu lolona lufuna rhoqo ukutya okuye kwabonelelwa kuko kushishino. Le yindlela ikhula ngayo ialfalfa. Eyona njongo iphambili yesi sityalo kukubonelela ngemveliso yesondlo.
Ukubaluleka kwe-alfalfa kukuba ngumthombo wendalo wefayibha, iiprotein, iivithamini kunye neeminerals ezisebenza njengokutya kwezilwanyana. Ikwasebenza negalelo layo ekubeni nembonakalo yelizwe entle nangakumbi kunye nokuba luncedo kulondolozo lwezilwanyana ngokwenza indalo ibalungele. Ukuba ialfalfa ikhulile emhlabeni, iyanceda ukunciphisa i-nitrogen nitrogen fixation ngokufuna amandla amancinci. Oku kuluncedo ukuvumela umhlaba "uphumle" kokubini kweso sityalo sinye nakwabo beza emva kwaso.
Ukulinywa kwayo kukwanceda ukunciphisa ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kunye nokubonakala kwezinambuzane ezithile kunye nezifo. kwizityalo ezilandelayo ngokujikeleza.
Iimfuno zeAlfalfa
Siza kuhlalutya izinto ze-edaphoclimatic ezifuna i-alfalfa ukuba ibe nesivuno esihle kunye nophuhliso olulungileyo. Eyokuqala yimitha yelanga. Ukuvezwa lilanga yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Inefuthe elihle ekulimeni i-alfalfa, kuba inani leeyure zemitha yelanga liyonyuka njengoko indawo yommandla iyancipha. Imitha yelanga ithanda ubuchule bokomisa kwangaphambili ebaleni kwimimandla ekufutshane neikhweyitha. Kwelinye icala, njengoko sisondela kububanzi basemantla, imitha yelanga ngokwayo, iyancipha, yenza kube nzima kwizityalo ukuba zome.
Imbewu yeAlfalfa ihluma kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi ko-2 no-3 degrees. Oku kuyenzeka ukuba ezinye iimeko zokusingqongileyo ziyakuvumela oko. Ukuba amaqondo obushushu andisiwe, ukuhluma kuya kukhawuleza. Nangona inokuhluma phakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-3 degrees, ukuze ikhule kakuhle, iqondo lobushushu kufuneka libe phakathi kwe-28 ukuya kwi-30 degrees. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba amaqondo obushushu ayaqhubeka enyuka ade afikelele kumaxabiso angaphezu kwama-38 degrees, inokubulala izithole.
Xa kuqala ubusika, bayayeka ukukhula de kube sentwasahlobo kwakhona. Xa amaqondo obushushu eqala ukwanda kunye neeyure zokukhanya kwelanga zisanda, kulapho ke ziphinda ziphinde ziphinde ziqhubeke ukukhula. Kukho iintlobo zealfalfa ezinokunyamezela amaqondo obushushu asezantsi ukuya kuthi ga kwi -10 degrees. Ezi ntlobo zinomdla wokukhula kwiindawo ezikumantla. Amaqondo obushushu aphakathi ngonyaka ukuze akwazi ukuvelisa ifula ajikeleze iidigri ezili-15. Ngokwendidi nganye yealfalfa, ubushushu obulungele bonke buphakathi kwe-18 ne-28 degrees.
i-pH kunye netyuwa
Ngoku masithethe nge-pH. Yenye yezona zinto zithintelayo kulimo lwealfalfa. Iasidi yomhlaba inokuba yingozi. Eyona pH ilungileyo kwisityalo ihlala ijikeleze i-7,2. Ungasebenzisa i-liming apho i-pH yehla iye kwi-6,8. Ezi lime zifanelekile ukonyusa ubungakanani beeiyoni zecalcium emhlabeni kwaye zibenze zifumaneke ukuze zisetyenziswe sisityalo. Ngale ndlela, iyanciphisa ukufunxwa kwealuminium kunye nemanganizi, eziyityhefu kwisityalo.
Ngokubhekisele kwityuwa, inovakalelo kumhlaba onetyuwa. Iimpawu zokuqala zokuba umhlaba unetyuwa okanye uyachaphazela bubumdaka ekubonwa ngabo ezinye izicwili. Kulandelwa ezinye iimpawu ezinje ngokuncipha kobungakanani bamagqabi kwaye, kokukhona kusiba nzima, ukukhula kwezityalo kumisiwe ngokupheleleyo. Konke oku kuyenzeka kuba ityuwa yiyo ebangela ukungalingani phakathi kwengcambu kunye nenxalenye yomoya yesityalo.
Ayisosityalo sinzima kakhulu nomhlaba. Ifuna kuphela imihlaba enzulu ecoliweyo. Ayikuxhasi ukuntywila kwamanzi. Ikhulile kwimihlaba eyahlukeneyo. Umhlaba ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-60 cm ubunzulu awucebisi kwaphela ngokulima.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga ne-alfalfa.