Igama layo lezityalo ngu Sambucus nigra L, osapho lakwaCaprifoliaceae, olubandakanya izihlahla, imithi okanye ii-liana.
Umdala Kukwaziwa ngamanye amagama aqhelekileyo Njenge sabuco, sabugo, sayugo, linsusa, canillero kunye necañilero. Singatsho ukuba lo ngumthi wemveli eYurophu kwaye waziswa ngamaSpanish awazisa eMelika ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Iimpawu ze-Elderberry
El Umdala Inee-subspecies ezimbini, iSambucus peruviana kunye neSambucus mexicana. Igama "Sambucus" livela kwi-Greek Sambuca, ethi Yayisixhobo somculo esisetyenziswa ngamaRoma kwaye yayakhiwe ngomthi walomthi, ukuba ifanelekile leyo ye "nigra", ebhekisa kumbala omnyama weziqhamo ezivuthiweyo.
Sisityalo esimalunga ne-6 ukuya kwi-10 m ukuphakama, amagqabi awo ajongene, apinene, atshintsha kakhulu kwaye alinganisa ukusuka kwi-20 cm ukuya kwi-30 cm ubude kwaye ube nomphetho ohleliweyo rhoqo. Umboko wayo uthambekile, ungqindilili ngamaxolo arhabaxa kunye namasebe ashinyeneyo kwaye amaxolo angaphandle aqhekekile kwaye aluthuthu ngombala.
Iintyatyambo zinuka kamnandi kwaye eqokelelwe kumaqela okuphela kwe-15 abizwa ngokuba yi-corymbs; intyatyambo nganye, i-hermaphrodite, ineepalali ezimile njengeenkwenkwezi ezi-5.
Iziqhamo ziyinyama, iiglobose berries, ezilinganiswa malunga ne-9 cm ubukhulu, Zinamanzi kwaye ziyatyiwa. Ukusuka kwiziqhamo zayo umbala obomvu ukuya kumbala omnyama ufumaneka xa uvuthiwe kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, xa ungakhulanga, ibala liluhlaza, lilac okanye violet, ineembewu ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 inye.
Iindawo ezinamayeza kunye nemisebenzi yokutya ziintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo ezivuthiweyo. Isilumkiso kufuneka sisetyenziswe kunye I-Elderberry kuba i-bark yayo, amagqabi, imbewu kunye neziqhamo ezingakhuliyo zinokuba yityhefu.
Ukulima kunye nokuvuna i-Elderberry
I-Elderberry ingena kakuhle ngaphakathi iindawo ezinamahlathi afumileyo kwaye umelana neqabaka eziqinileyo.
Inokusasazwa ngembewu kunye nokuzala kwezityalo, ibonisa hermaphroditism yesini, ke Ngokwesiqhelo ikhupha iipropules kwiingcambu ezingaphezulu ukuphindaphindwa kwayo. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuzala kukuvelisa kwakhona.
Intwasahlobo lelona xesha lilungileyo lokuvuna iintyatyamboInkqubo yazo yokomisa isemthunzini kwaye kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo kwaye emnyama, ngaphandle, iziqhamo kufuneka ziqokelelwe xa zimnyama zixhomekeke emasebeni, oko kukuthi ekupheleni kwehlobo okanye ekuqaleni kokwindla.
Kwigumbi lokugcina abantwana Ukunkcenkceshela okuninzi kufuneka kusetyenziswe kunye nokugcina i-substrate ifumile, kodwa kuthintelwe ukugqitha. Ukuhlwayela kungenziwa ngqo kwibhetshi okanye ngokutshintshela izithole ezisuka kwindawo yokugcina abantwana. Umngxuma wenziwe emhlabeni ngokobungakanani bengxowa leyo ebisetyenziswa kwindawo yokugcina abantwana.
Ubume, ukusetyenziswa kunye neepropathi
Umdala Ilinywa ngenjongo yokuhombisa, ukutya, ubugcisa kunye neenjongo zonyango kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo kunye nengqele.
Iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo okanye amaqunube aqulathwe zii-pigment ze-organic, i-anthocyanins, ifayibha, i-phosphorus, i-glucose, i-fructose kunye ne-potassium. I-50 g nganye yeziqhamo ezitsha ibonelela phakathi kwe-9-13 mg ye-vitamin C kunye ne-32.5 mg yeVitamin B. Ine-magnesium, zinc, iron kunye ne calcium.
Zizityalo ezityiwayo zasendle, zombini ulusu kunye nomgubo ungatyiwa. Ijamu zenziwa ngeziqhamo kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kweyeza kwiisiraphu, iipilisi zokucoca kunye nokucoca, ukunciphisa i-cholesterol kunye nokuphucula umbono, inezinto ezichasayo ezichasayo zokuthintela ukudumba kwe-neuralgia, intloko ebuhlungu, iintlungu zesisu kunye ne-sciatica.
Kuyacetyiswa pheka amaqunube nakancinci, ukuphucula incasa yayo kunye nokuphucula ukwetyisa.
Isiraphu inokulungiswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Incindi yeziqhamo ezivuthiweyo iyakhutshwa okanye iyakhanywa kwaye imbewu iyaxinwa, ulumke ngembewu njengoko inetyhefu, emva koko uyishiye pheka malunga nemizuzu eli-10, xa ipholisa ifakwa ngaphakathi kwaye igcinwe efrijini. Thatha iipunipoli ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ngosuku.
Uphando olwenziwe kwiDyunivesithi yaseGraz e-Austria, lwafumanisa ukuba isicatshulwa kunciphisa i-oxidation yeepoprotein ezixineneyo zecholesterol inxaxheba atherogenesis, nto leyo inceda ekulweni izifo sentliziyo.
Kwelinye icala, iziqhamo eziluhlaza ziqulathe umgaqo onetyhefu obizwa ngokuba yi-sambunigrina, yiyo loo nto akufuneki ityiwe ide ivuthwe kakuhle. Ngokunjalo, lo mgaqo uyityhefu uboniswa ngamagqabi, ixolo kunye nembewu ye-elderberry.
Amagqabi akufuneki atyiwe kuba ayityhefu kakhulu kwaye ngokunxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwawo, kuye kwaqatshelwa ukuba kwizityalo gxotha iimpuku, moles kunye nezilwanyanangokufanayo, ukutsha kukubulala izinambuzane okusebenzayo.
Kwi-infusion Ingasetyenziselwa ukugxotha iingcongconi kunye nokutshizwa kwizityalo kusebenza njengokukhusela kwiintwala kunye nemibungu.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane, amalungiselelo anokwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ilitha enye yamanzi kunye ne-225 g iyabiliswa. yamagqabi e-elderberry isithuba semizuzu engama-20, ubunzima kwaye uyeke ukuphola, emva koko udibanise itispuni engamanzi okanye isepha yomgubo kwaye ekugqibeleni ibekwe kwiatomizer.
Iintyatyambo ziyatyiwa, zisetyenziswa kwi-gastronomy ukuya kwi-flavour kwaye zilungiselela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwii-herbal teas, jellies, jams, ice cream, cookies okanye ngokudibeneyo namanye amayeza. Iwayini kudala yafunyanwa, apho i-macerated iyinika iphunga elimnandi kunye ne-flavour yakudala.
Iintyatyambo zenziwe ngeoyile efunekayo, flavonoids, phenolic acid, tannins, vitamin C, kunye neeminerali. Banempahla ye-diaphoretic kwaye basebenza kwi-epithelium ye-bronchial, besebenzisa isiphumo esicaphukisayo esonyusa ukuveliswa kwemfihlo ye-bronchioalveolar, yiyo loo nto isetyenziselwa ngokuchanekileyo kunyango lwenkqubo yokubanda kunye nokulwa nomkhuhlane.
Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba i-elderberry flavonoids inayo antioxidant, iipropati anti-ukudumba kunye immunological, kuba ezi zinceda ukonyusa imveliso yee-cytokines kwii-monocytes, ngaloo ndlela zivuselela amajoni omzimba.
Iintyatyambo zinokusetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweekhrim zokucoca kwaye ususe amabala kulusu.
Iintyatyambo neziqhamo zinazo iipropati zokubulala iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane, zisetyenziselwa ipyorrhea, i-gingivitis kunye ne-pharyngitis, kunye nokufakwa ngaphakathi ungenza ukuhlamba umlomo kunye neergi. Basebenza ukubulala iintsholongwane kumanxeba okanye ukunciphisa ukutsha.
Iintyatyambo ngokwesiko kuthiwa zinefuthe legalactogogue, Oko kukuthi ivuselela imveliso yobisi ngenxa yokulinganisela kweproteinIgalelo ekuncanciseni.
Umthi omdala awuxhathisi, ixabiseke kakhulu ekwenzeni ikhabhinethi kunye nokwenza izixhobo zezolimo. Ngenxa yokukhululeka okukhutshwe i-pith emasebeni, zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iifluti, i-canutillos, i-blowguns kunye neenkuni zokubasa.
Okokugqibela, usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo olukhankanywe apha ngasentla lwenza ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba el Umdala ngokwesiko ibisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi. Njengoko kunokubonwa, onke amalungu omthi aneempawu ezinamandla amakhulu okusetyenziswa ngabantu.