Umhlaba omanzi

Phakathi kwendalo yendalo ebaluleke kakhulu kwindalo kunye nolondolozo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo yimigxobhozo. Unyaka nonyaka injongo kukwenza ukuba abemi bazi ngemfuno yokuba nako ukugcina ezi zinto zendalo zixabisekileyo. Ngesi sizathu, uSuku lweeNdawo eziManzi zehlabathi lubhiyozelwa rhoqo nge-2 kaFebruwari. A umgxobhozo Yinkqubo yendalo enomhlaba obonakala ngokusisigxina okanye ngamaxesha athile ukhukula ngamanzi. Oku kunokwenzeka kokubini kumanzi acocekileyo nakwimimandla ethile apho kukho inqanaba elithile lobutyuwa.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni umhlaba omanzi, zeziphi iimpawu zawo eziphambili kwaye ubaluleke kangakanani.

Yintoni umgxobhozo

Yindalo yendalo ehlala ulungelelwaniso lwendalo oluqulathe umhlaba njengesiseko esihlala sikho ngamaxesha athile okanye sikhukula ngokusisigxina. Ezi ecosystem zinokwenzeka kuzo zombini indawo ezinamanzi amatsha nakwiindawo ezinamanzi amtyuba. Ngombulelo kwezi mpawu, umgxobhozo uyakwazi ukugcina isixa esikhulu sezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nokunika ubutyebi bendalo ngaphandle kokulingana.

Ukubaluleka kwemigxobhozo kugxininisiwe kumhla wehlabathi njengoko ibaluleke kakhulu kwikamva lethu kwimpilo ezinzileyo. Umgxobhozo unokuba ngowendalo kwaye wenziwe ngabantu. Ezinye iintlobo zemigxobhozo yendalo zinokwandiswa imigxobhozo, eminye imigxobhozo kunye neendawo zazo ezinqamlezileyo, iinyamakazi, njl. Kwelinye icala, sinokubona imigxobhozo eyenziweyo okanye eguqulweyo ngesandla somntu. Ngokwenziwe bayakwazi ukugcina amanzi okwexeshana kwaye ngokusisigxina ukuba imeko yendalo esingqongileyo iwavumela.

Ngokwesiqhelo ezi ntlobo zemigxobhozo eyakhiweyo Zenziwe ngenjongo yokuba zikwazi ukulondolozwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela. Ikwenziwa neenjongo zabakhenkethi ukubonelela ngenkonzo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokunceda ukuhambisa amaxabiso olondolozo lwendalo.

Iindidi zemigxobhozo

Kuba le migxobhozo ityebe kakhulu, ibe sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kulondolozo lwendalo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukileyo zemigxobhozo ezihlelwa ngokohlobo lwamanzi apho zidityaniswe khona kunye nezinye iimpawu ekuza kufuneka sizilandele. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kweentlobo zemigxobhozo luhlobo lwamanzi. Sifumene umgxobhozo wamanzi amnandi kunye nomgxobhozo wamanzi amtyuba. Siyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwemigxobhozo yendalo kunye neyokufakelwa.

Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemigxobhozo:

• Umlambo okanye umgxobhozo womlambo: leyo yimigxobhozo eneempawu zendalo kunye neentlobo zamanzi amatsha. Zihlala zenziwe yimilambo, imilambo kunye neengxangxasi.
• Imigxobhozo yelake: Ziye zenziwa ngamachibi kunye namachibi athile endalo ngamanzi amatsha.
• Ipalustres yetropical: zezo zibandakanya ezinye iindawo ezinemithombo emincinci, i-oases, amathafa ezikhukhula, amahlathi omgxobhozo, imigxobhozo kunye nemigxobhozo ngamaxesha onyaka kunye nokusisigxina. Olona phawu luphambili kwezi ntlobo zemigxobhozo kukuba zonke zinemvelaphi yendalo kwaye amanzi amatsha.
• Imigxobhozo yaselwandle: njengoko igama layo libonisa, yimigxobhozo yendalo kodwa yenziwe ngamanzi anetyuwa. Zihlala zifumaneka kwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni ezinamanzi aselwandle angenzulwanga afana nolwandle olunamatye, iilwandle ezinesanti kunye neendawo ezinomhlaba.
• Amachweba: imilambo emininzi yenza amachweba phambi kwemilomo yawo yokugqibela kwaye eminye imigxobhozo yenziwe. Olona phawu lwabo luphambili kukuba baqulathe amanzi anetyiwa asuka kumachweba kwaye inemvelaphi yendalo. Ngamanye amaxesha iyakwazi ukwenza imigxobhozo yamanzi anetyuwa okanye iindawo zemangrove.
• Amanzi anetyuwa echibi lamanzi Ijongeka kakhulu njengangaphambili, kodwa zombini amachibi kunye namachibi amtyuba njengoko afunyanwa kwimimandla eselunxwemeni. Kananjalo zinemvelaphi yendalo.
• Izinto ezingezizo: leyo yimigxobhozo eveliswe yimisebenzi yabantu ngeenjongo zokugcina okanye ukulawula umthamo othile wamanzi. Apha singabona amadama kunye namadama. Banokuba nenjongo yokugcina isixa esithile okanye iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezikhuselweyo.

Iimpawu zemigxobhozo

Ukuze i-ecosystem iqatshelwe njengomgxobhozo, kufuneka ihlangabezane nezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ziyaqwalaselwa Iindawo zotshintsho okanye utshintsho oluqhubekekayo phakathi kweenkqubo zasemanzini nezomhlaba. Oko kukuthi, zithathwa njengezinto eziphilayo ezixubeneyo kuba zigcina ezinye zeendawo eziphilayo kunye nezinye. Sifumana ezinye iindawo zijolise kakhulu kwindalo esemhlabeni kwaye ezinye zijolise ikakhulu kwindalo yolwandle.
• Yimimandla yezikhukula ke zinokuba yimimandla yethutyana okanye esisigxina. Imimandla yexeshana yenzeka kwezo ndawo zinexinzelelo oluncinci olukhukula ngokulula xa kukho imvula enkulu.
• Amanzi emigxobhozo Kufuneka babe ngamanzi amileyo, anamaza amancinci, amatsha okanye amanzi anetyuwa kwaye zibandakanya iindawo ezincinci zolwandle ezinobunzulu obuthile. Imigxobhozo inokuba neziphumo eziphantsi kakhulu kumaza olwandle. Ngokwesiqhelo le mpembelelo ayidluli kwiimitha ezi-6.
• Umda womhlaba omanzi uya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lotyani olunalo kumhlaba ngamnye. Utyani ke hydrophilic, oko kukuthi, kufuneka ulungelelwaniso elungileyo amanzi. Kuyenzeka ukwahlula phakathi izityalo ezingezo-hydrophilic kunye nemela umda womhlaba omanzi apho enye indawo ye-ikhosistim iphela kwaye iqala ngommandla womhlaba kuphela.
• Imigxobhozo ziindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo kwinani elikhulu leentlobo apho iintaka ezifudukayo ezivela kwimigxobhozo kwihlabathi lonke ukondla kunye nokuphumla kuma. Singafumana kwakhona izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana ezifana nezilwanyana, izirhubuluzi, izilwanyana eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, iintlanzi kunye nezinambuzane.

Ukubaluleka kwendalo

Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ukufuma yindawo yendalo ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngokuchanekileyo kwendalo. Kwaye banoxanduva lokukwazi ukubamba inani elikhulu leentlobo-ntlobo zeentaka, iintlanzi kunye namanye amaqela ezilwanyana. Bavelisa ezo ntlobo zeentlobo zezityalo ezixhomekeke emanzini.

Ukuba songeza ixabiso ngaphakathi kwilizwe lomntu, imigxobhozo iyenzela iindawo ze imveliso yokutya kwaye ifuna isixa esikhulu samanzi ngokulinywa kwayo njengoko kunjalo ngerayisi. Eminye imiba ebaluleke kakhulu kulondolozo lokufuma kukulawulwa komjikelo wamanzi, zombini umphezulu kunye namanzi amdaka. Ikwathatha inxaxheba kulawulo lokhukhuliseko kunye nokulawulwa komjikelo wezondlo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni umhlaba omanzi nokubaluleka kwawo.