Njengoko sibonile kwizihlandlo ezithile, izityalo zinokugula sisifo, iintsholongwane, izinambuzane, njl. Ukuthintela izityalo zethu ekubandezelekeni zininzi iindlela zokuthintela kwaye ukuba, ngokuqinisekileyo, sele bosulelekile, singazisombulula.
Namhlanje ndiza kuthetha ukungunda. Malunga nokuba yintoni, singakuthintela njani, iimpawu esinokuthi siziqaphele kunye nolunye unyango. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngayo?
Yintoni umdiliya ophantsi?
Ku malunga esinye sezifo esaziwa kakhulu kwi-viticulture. Iyaziwa ngokuhamba kwayo rhoqo kunye nokuba qatha. Sisifo esixhomekeke kwimeko yendalo esingqongileyo kwaye, ukuba siyasivuna, siyakwazi ukuhlasela onke amalungu aluhlaza esityalo somdiliya, sibangele ilahleko enkulu kwimveliso yediliya.
Ngundo oqala umsebenzi wawo entwasahlobo xa iimeko zokusingqongileyo zilungile kwaye zinokusasaza ngokubulela kumaqondo aphezulu obushushu. Le fungus, phantse zonke, zixhomekeke kubumanzi bokusingqongileyo, yiyo loo nto ekwindla, kunye nokuhla kweqondo lobushushu, ingena kwisigaba sokuphumla kwaye ayihlaseli umdiliya.
Iimeko ezigqibeleleyo zokusingqongileyo zokungunda kunye neempawu
Xa sinesivuno semidiliya, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukuba iimeko ezintle azikho ukuze isikhutha sihlasele umhlaba wethu. Ukongeza, kwimeko apho ikwaziyo ukuhlasela isityalo sethu, kufuneka sizazi iimpawu zokwenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye sinciphise iingxaki.
Ezona meko zintle zokungqonge isikhutha zisasaze kwaye zisebenze zezi:
- Ukudubula ubude be-10 cm okanye ngaphezulu.
- Ukuwa kwemvula ubuncinci eyi-10 mm.
- Ubushushu obuphakathi kwe-10ºC.
Siyazi ukuba intwasahlobo lixesha apho izityalo zihluma kwaye zidubula ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza, kukho iimvula ezininzi ngakumbi kwaye rhoqo kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Konke oku kwenza Iimeko zokuba lo mngundo uvelise kwaye uhlasele izityalo zethu zilungile.
Sazi njani ukuba ukulima kwethu umdiliya kuchaphazele umngundo? Into yokuqala kukujonga amagqabi. Amagqabi achaphazeleka ngumngundo anokubonwa ngu amanye amabala eoyile kumphezulu ongaphezulu, onokuthi uhambelane nomkhuhlane omhlophe kwicala elingaphantsi.
Singazibona nezinye iimpawu zesifo kwihlumelo nakumahlumelo. Kuya kufuneka sibone ukuba amagqabi agobile njani kwaye agqunywe ngomphunga omhlophe owenziwe ngawo amagqabi. Ukuba imeko yokungunda inamandla kakhulu, amahlumela anokuwa.
Ngokubhekisele kwibhantshi, iinkozo zinokuchaphazeleka kwasekuqaleni nasemva koko. Kuhlaselo olucothayo, iziqwengana azigqunqwanga ngumkhuhlane, kodwa bafumana umbala omdaka ngakumbi. Oku kunokuba sisalathiso sokuba umdiliya wethu uchaphazelekile ngumngundo.
Yintoni esinokuyenza ukuyinyanga?
Ngaphambi kokubeka isisombululo, kufuneka sibeke uthintelo. Ukuba sentwasahlobo apho isifo sikhula khona kwaye iimeko endizikhankanyileyo ngasentla zenzeka, olona khetho lulungileyo kukwenza unyango lothintelo. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukuba iimeko apho ukusasazeka kwale fungus zisekwe kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu. Ukufuma okunxulumene nobukhulu obungaphezu kwama-75% kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe-12 ukuya kuma-30 degrees alungile, kuba bonyusa ukusinda kwabo ngama-25%.
Ke ngoko, kufuneka sithathe amanyathelo enza ukuba amaqondo obushushu kunye nokufuma kungathandisi iMildew. Phakathi kwezenzo esinokuzenza sifumana:
- Soloko ubeka isityalo kwicala lomoya okhoyo. Ngale ndlela siya kuphepha ukufuma okugqithisileyo kwaye sithandele umoya wendalo.
- Siya kuwanciphisa amagqabi achaphazelekayo ukunqanda ukusasazeka okungaphezulu.
- Siza kuyiphepha isichumiso esongezelelekileyo senitrogen.
- Siza kulima iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemidiliya ezinganyangekiyo sesi sifo
Kukwakho nonyango lwamachiza eMildew, kodwa siya kuhlala sikhetha ezona zisombululo zendalo zinokwenzeka.