La I-Vitis vinifera, eyaziwa kwihlabathi jikelele njengomdiliya okanye umdiliya, sisityalo esifumaneka kakhulu kwiifama nakwizitiya zeentsapho, ngenxa yeediliya zaso (izinto ezikrwada zokwenziwa kwewayini) kunye nexabiso laso lemveli kunye nobuhle. Ukunyamekela umdiliya ngokufanelekileyo akukho lula, kwaye enye yeenkalo ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ngomdiliya kukuthena. Lo mkhweli unokukhula kakhulu endle, kodwa abalimi kunye nabalimi bahlala beyithena ukuze bagcine izihlahla ezincinci zilungele ukuvunwa. Oku kuthenwa akunakwenziwa nangayiphi na indlela. abantu abaninzi bayazibuza zithenwa nini iidiliya.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba kuthenwa nini iidiliya, zithini iimpawu zabo kunye nemiba ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.
Ithenwa nini imidiliya?
Xa kusenziwa isigqibo ngexesha lokuthena imidiliya, imithetho efanayo iyasebenza nanjengoko kuninzi lwezityalo: imidiliya kufuneka ithenwe ngelixa ikwimeko yokukhula kwezityalo. Okuphikisanayo, isityalo asigcini ngokufanelekileyo izondlo kwaye siba buthathaka kwaye silahlekelwe amandla amaninzi emva kokuthena. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuthena lihlala lisekupheleni kwe-frueting nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ibuyele emsebenzini.
Ngale ndlela, abanye bancomela ukuthenwa phakathi kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ekubeni esi sityalo sivelisa iziqhamo eziba mva kodwa zibe zizininzi nezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Indlela yokuthena umdiliya
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokuthenwa komdiliya: uqeqesho lokuthena nokuthena iziqhamo.
Uqeqesho lokuthena lwenziwa kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi bomdiliya kwaye umsebenzi wawo kukunika isityalo ukumila nokumila okufanelekileyo. Le fomu iyakwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumsebenzi ofuna ukuwunika umdiliya, ayifani ukufumana esona sivuno siphezulu sediliya kune, umzekelo, dFaka umbala kwimidiliya egadini.
Ukuthena kwenziwa kwizityalo ezindala esele zinesiseko esaneleyo sokumila, injongo kukuba izityalo zikhule zisempilweni kwaye zithwale iziqhamo ezihle.
Indlela yokuthena imidiliya emincinci nemidala
Ukuthenwa kokukhula kwenziwa kwisithuba seminyaka emi-3 okanye emi-4 yokuqala yomdiliya. Ukuthena kufuneka kwenziwe kubusika bokuqala emva kokutyala, kodwa unokulinda kude kube ngunyaka olandelayo ukuba imidiliya yakho isencinci kwaye iethe-ethe.
Ukuthenwa kokuqala, khetha isebe elityebileyo nelithe tye lomdiliya, eliya kuba lisebe lawo eliphambili. Kufuneka uwathene onke amanye amasebe abuthathaka ukuya kwisiseko, kunye nesebe eliphambili ukuba ngumdiliya omnyama, ushiye ama-2 buds, okanye ama-3 amaqabunga ukuba ngumdiliya omhlophe. Ekutheneni okulandelayo, khetha ihlumelo elinamandla kwakhona kwaye unqumle ezinye, ushiye ihlumela eliphambili malunga ne-30 cm ubude. Kwakhona, apha kuya kuba luncedo ukubopha isebe kwisikhokelo okanye ukuxhasa, ukucofa kwisebe xa sele likhulile ukuya kubude obufanayo, kwaye udibanise isebe elifanayo kunyaka olandelayo ukuya kubude malunga ne-25 cm.
Kukho ezinye iindidi zokuthena, kodwa le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuthena isetyenziswa ukuvumela imidiliya ukuba ivelise iziqhamo ezininzi ngaphandle kokukhula kakhulu.
Xa kuziwa kwimidiliya emidala, ukuthenwa kweziqhamo kwenziwa kwimidiliya esele inesakhiwo esisisiseko esiyimfuneko, ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo kuyadingeka ukususa iindawo ezikwisimo esibi kwaye amasebe awo awaphosi ilanga phakathi kwawo.
Ukuze uqhubeke uvuselela ukukhula komdiliya, kufuneka uwathene amasebe amadala anemithi angasavelisi mahlumelo amatsha. Sika kwakhona amasebe okanye iindawo ezibonakala ngathi zigula okanye zikwimeko embi, kwaye ususe amahlumelo amatsha agqobhoze kwisebe elikhulu okanye athintele ukukhula kwawo ngokuthintela ukukhanya.
Amanyathelo okuthena imidiliya kunye nokubonelela ngomthunzi
Ukuba eyona njongo iphambili yemidiliya yakho kukubonelela ngomthunzi phambi kokuba iziqhamo zisekwe, ukuthenwa kufuneka kwenziwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Shiya isiqu somthi womdiliya esithe shinye, sibotshelelwe eluxhakeni, ndikhwele kuso; kwaye ususe nawaphina amasebe avelayo asecaleni ade umdiliya ufikelele kubude obufunekayo, apho unokukhuthazwa ukuba ukhule kwaye ube netyholo. Uwabeka ngendlela enika umthunzi owaneleyo xa ugqiba ukuwagubungela.
Ukuvunwa komdiliya kuxhomekeke kwixesha lokuthenwa kwemidiliya kunye neemeko zemozulu zengingqi kunye nexesha lonyaka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, iqala ehlotyeni, phakathi okanye ekupheleni kukaJulayi, kwaye ihlala kude kube ngoSeptemba.
Imiba ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa kuthenwa imidiliya
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuthenwa kwemidiliya kwenziwa ngexesha lokungalali kwesityalo, sonke isityalo. Ngalendlela, umdiliya uya kuthenwa phambi kokuba uqalise umsebenzi njengoko usiba buthathaka kwaye uphelelwa ngamandla ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezondlo ezigciniweyo. Ngoko, Sibeka ixesha lokuthena phakathi kokuphela kobusika kunye nokuqala kwentwasahlobo, xa kuphela ixesha leziqhamo.
Yintoni ukuthenwa kade? Ukuthena kwenziwa emva kokuba izityalo ziqalise ukuhluma. Eli xesha alidla ngokuba lelo lokuthena imidiliya, kuba xa kusikwa oovimba abakhulu bayasuswa.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa uthena imidiliya phambi kokuba izityalo ziphumle? Kule meko sizifumana sinezityalo ezingenazo i-carbohydrates reserves, kwaye ukuba azivunyelwanga ukuba ziphumle, ukuhluma kulibaziseka kwaye isityalo silahlekelwa amandla.
Eminye imiba ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo yile:
- Imozulu: umthi womdiliya kunye namasebe awo unokugula, kwaye xa uthenwayo wenza amanxeba kwimithi evumela ukungena kwawo. Kubalulekile ukunqanda imvula, inkungu kunye neentsuku ezifumileyo kakhulu njengoko zithanda ukusasazeka komngundo.
- ubudala bezityalo: Kufuneka uqonde ukuba ukuthena imidiliya emincinci akufani nokuthena imidiliya esele ikhulile. Izityalo ezincinci zivakalelwa ngakumbi kwiqabaka kwaye, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, azinakho ukukwazi ukubuyisela kwimiphumo yeqabaka. Yiyo loo nto ukuthenwa kwemidiliya emincinci kufuneka kumiswe emva kokuba ubusika obubandayo budlulile.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba iidiliya zithenwa nini kwaye zeziphi iimpawu zazo.