Ezolimo yayiyeyona nto iphambili ekuhlaleni kwabantu kunye nokuzanelisa kwabantu. Enkosi ngokulima komhlaba ngokukhula kweentlobo zezityalo, kuye kwakho ubuchule bokudala iindlela ezahlukeneyo zenzelwa enkosi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokulima. Enye yazo yi inkcubeko. Yindlela yokukhulisa imifuno enika izibonelelo ezithile kunye nezibonelelo kwilizwe lezolimo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga ne-polyculture, iimpawu zayo, izinto eziluncedo kunye nezibonelelo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ukuze ucacise ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ze-polyculture, kufuneka sichaze nezo zohlobo olunye. Ukulima uhlobo olunye, njengoko igama lisitsho, kubhekisa kulimo olunye, ubomi bezityalo. Oko kukuthi, ngumsebenzi wezolimo obandakanyeka ngokupheleleyo kuhlobo lwesityalo okanye kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhulisa kwindawo enkulu. Ngokuchaseneyo, I-polyculture ibhekisa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ebaleni. Iintlobo zinokuba nemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo kodwa zonke zinononophelo oluyimfuneko ekukhuleni kwazo ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokukhula kwazo.
Olona phawu luphambili lwe-polyculture yiyantlukwano yeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezichaphazelekayo kwinkqubo yezolimo. Ukulinywa nge monoculture kuthetha ukutyala izandiso ezinokulingana kwi-morphology nakwiimpawu zemfuza zesityalo esinye, ke ngoko akukho mahluko. Xa sibona umhlaba wezolimo une-polyculture, iyantlukwano enkulu ye-morphological kunye neye-genetic inokubonwa emelwe kubantu abohlukeneyo abasetyenziselwa ezolimo.
Ngokwesiqhelo, monoculture oqhele ukuzenzekelayo kuba oomatshini banokusetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngezakhamzimba eziyimfuneko kuba zonke zifana kwaye ziya kufuna okufanayo. Ikwafuna abasebenzi abancinci, ngelixa i-polyculture ihlala iqhutywa ngendlela yesiko ngakumbi ngemisebenzi yezandla yendoda, nangona kunjalo enkosi kwitekhnoloji kukwakho namasimi e-polyculture azenzekelayo.
Imizekelo ye-polyculture kunye ne-monoculture
Ngaphambi kokuhlalutya ukuba zeziphi izibonelelo ze-polyculture, masibone eminye imizekelo yazo zombini:
- Imizekelo yendlela enye: iimbotyi, amandongomane, ihabile okanye irhasi idla ngokulinywa iyodwa ebaleni. Zihlala ziindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba ezinikezelwe kuphela kwesi sityalo.
- Imizekelo ye-polyculture: Kuhlala kulimo lokuziphilisa, kuba okushiyekileyo kuya kwezorhwebo kwaye zihlala ziinkqubo zezolimo ezinemodeli yegadi apho iintlobo ezininzi ezinje ngeetumato, iipepile, iletesi, njl.
Izinto eziluncedo ze-polyculture
Ukuba sihlalutya izibonelelo zombini ezi nkqubo, sinokubona ukuba zombini zinezibonelelo kunye nezibonelelo. Inye nganye inenjongo eyahlukileyo kwaye eyona nto iphambili kukuba nganye yeempawu zayo inokulungiswa ngolwazi olucacileyo ngayo. Inkqubo yokuqala yezolimo inethuba lokuba banokuba nemveliso ephezulu ngokubanzi. Kwaye ikwazi ukuvelisa ukutya ngesixa esikhulu ngenxa yolwandiso olukhulu lomhlaba olugquma ngeyona njongo iphambili yokwanelisa ibango lexeshana elifutshane. Onke la manani emveliso enza ukuba kuncitshiswe indleko ezifanayo ukuze kungasetyenzwa kangako xa kukho oomatshini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-polyculture inezinto ezintle eziphawulwe kakuhle kumhlaba wendalo. Ngelixa iintlobo ezininzi zisetyenziselwa ukutyala, zonke izondlo ezikhoyo emhlabeni zisetyenziswa ngokwaneleyo, ngakumbi ukuba kusetyenziswa iisampulu ezifanelekileyo ezinikezela ngesigqubuthelo esithile. Enye yeenzuzo zokusingqongileyo ze-polyculture kukunciphisa ukhukuliseko lomhlaba okoko izityalo zisebenza njengesikhuthazi semvula ngelixa amagqabi awayo ngenxa yeentsalela zezityalo esebenza ukutyebisa le meko.
Iindawo ezine-polyculture zihlala zihlala sebenzisa ngcono izixhobo ezikhoyo ezifana namanzi, umhlaba, ukukhanya, okoko kusetyenziswa iiseti ezifanelekileyo zezilwanyana. Ihlala ikhuthaza ukwanda kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zalapha ekhaya, inyusa inani leentlobo kwinkqubo yonke. Konke oku kukwakhuthaza indawo yokuhlala efanelekileyo yokukhula kunye nokuphuhliswa kweentshaba zendalo zezinambuzane ezithile zezityalo, ngenxa yoko izehlo zezitshabalalisi kunye nezifo kwiintlobo zezityalo ezihlwayelweyo ziphantsi kakhulu. Ngale nto, kunokwenzeka ukuqhuba ulawulo lwebhayoloji okanye lwendalo ukuba kukho imfuneko yokuphumeza iikhemikhali, ngenxa yoko iimveliso ezifunyenwe kolu hlobo lwesivuno zinempilo kwaye zisempilweni.
Okokugqibela, olunye uphando lubonakalisile ukuba isivuno esiphezulu sinokufumaneka kwindawo ye-polyculture, okoko kukhethwe iintlobo ezifanelekileyo. Inye kuphela into ekufuneka uyigcinile engqondweni yile ukwandiswa komhlaba kuncinci kwaye izivuno zihlala zifunyanwa kwixesha elide.
Iingxaki
Njengoko unokulindela, kukho iindawo ezithile ezisezantsi kwezi ntlobo zokulima. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkcubeko enye kukuba ziyayithoba imeko-bume ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elikhulu. Kwaye baxhaphaza umjikelo wesityalo ngasinye ukongeza ekusebenziseni iimpahla ezinekhemikhali ukulawula ubukho bezitshabalalisi kunye nezifo kunye nokwanda kwazo. Iimveliso ezifunyenweyo zinokuba neziphumo ezithile kwezempilo okanye zibe nefuthe elibi ngakumbi kwimpilo yokutya. Ikwachaphazela ngokunzulu umhlaba okoko ngokuhlwayela kunye nokuphuhlisa uhlobo olunye kuphela lwemifuno kumhlaba omnye ithambekele ngakumbi ekonakaleni kwayo okuqhubela phambili.
Amanani athile eetyiwa adla ngokuqokelela, echaphazela ukuchuma komhlaba kunye nokhukuliseko lwexesha elide. Kwimeko ye-polyculture, eyona nto iphambili kukuba umsebenzi uya uqina kuba zininzi iintlobo zezityalo ezichaphazelekayo kwizityalo. Ngaphambili kufuneka kwenziwe isifundo esichanekileyo Kwindibaniselwano yeentlobo zezilwanyana eza kusetyenziswa ukulungiselela ukwandisa imveliso yeziqwenga eziza kusetyenziswa.
I-polyculture enqamlezileyo iyazitshintsha iintlobo ezihlwayela kuloo mmandla mnye ukuze umhlaba ungabinangcinezelo olugqithisileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwezinongo ezithile. Inkqubo ye-polyculture ikwenziwa kummandla wezaselwandle ngokukhulisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlanzi kumadama okuthengisa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga ne-polyculture, iimpawu zayo kunye nezibonelelo zayo.