Ngokuqinisekileyo kuvakala ngathi ufunde iileya ezahlukeneyo kungekuphela nje zoMhlaba, kodwa nomhlaba. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba olu phononongo luyinxalenye yokwakheka komhlaba, eminye imiba ibaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo, njengokwazi yintoni itafile yamanzi kunye nendlela yokuyisebenzisa. Ngumzekelo ocacileyo wendlela amasebe ohlukeneyo enzululwazi anokuncedana ngayo.
Njengoko usenokuba sele ufumene, kweli nqaku siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni itafile yamanzi kunye nokuba yintoni na, ukukhankanya ukusebenziseka kwayo kwezolimo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwintsimi yokwakha. Siza kuchaza kwakhona ukuba ibekwe phi kanye kanye, ekubeni umhlaba wahlulwe ngamanqanaba amaninzi. Ukuba unomdla malunga nesi sihloko, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuwufumana unomdla kakhulu. Kwakhona, ulwazi aluthathi ndawo!
Yintoni itafile yamanzi kwaye isetyenziselwa ntoni?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhekisa kwitafile yamanzi: itafile yamanzi, itafile yamanzi, itafile yamanzi, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba, itafile yamanzi okanye itafile yamanzi. Ngokwesiseko linqanaba apho zombini uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric kunye noxinzelelo lwamanzi zilingana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukukhululeka kolu luhlu kufana kakhulu nomgangatho oqhelekileyo, kodwa kuncinci kwaye kunokuvela ngaphandle ngokubunjwa kweediphozithi zamanzi.
Ngamanye amazwi: Itheyibhile yamanzi linqanaba apho amanzi afumaneka phantsi komhlaba kwaye ubunzulu bayo buhlala buphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nomgangatho womhlaba. Sinokuthi ngumhlaba omanzi omanzi omanzi ongekho nzulu, kuba ezi ziqhele ukubekwa kwiindawo ezinzulu. Kule nqanaba, izithuba phakathi kweenkozo zomhlaba zizaliswe ngamanzi, ngaloo ndlela zizalise umhlaba. Ukuba bekunjalo ukuba umaleko ongentla kuwo uyangena, kusenokubakho imihlaba engaxutywanga. Kule meko, i-voids iqulethe umoya, kungekhona nje amanzi.
Ukuphakamisa itafile yamanzi, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi okuncitshisiweyo kunye nokongezelelweyo kuyanele. Ngale ndlela, umaleko ongaxutywanga uba ngumaleko ogcweleyo. Kwimeko apho ubukhulu boluhlu olungenasiphelo, oluba lukhuni, luncinci kwaye, ngaphezu koko, i-topography yesayithi iyanele, amanzi anokufikelela phezulu, abonakale emehlweni ethu. Le yindlela amachibi, amachibi kunye namachibi enziwa ngayo. Kwiimeko ezimandundu kakhulu, kunokubangela umkhukula. Olu hlobo lomphezulu lubizwa ngokuba yitafile yamanzi engekho nzulu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwetafile yamanzi
Ngoku siyazi ukuba yintoni itafile yamanzi, siza kuxoxa ngokusebenziseka kwayo. Ewe, njengoko ngokuqinisekileyo unokucinga, imithombo yamanzi kunye namaqula aqhagamshelwe kweli nqanaba, kwaye amanzi aphuma apho angaselwa okanye angaseli. Kuba ingekho nzulu kakhulu, le ndawo imanzi aphantsi komhlaba yeyona ityhileke kakhulu kungcoliseko esilwenza phezu komhlaba.
Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba itafile yamanzi Iluncedo kakhulu kwizityalo ezininzi zezolimo, ukuba ubunzulu banele. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka ikakhulu kuhlobo lwesityalo, kunjalo. Abanye banyamezela amanzi amaninzi, oko kukuthi, baxhasa iitafile zamanzi eziphezulu, ngelixa abanye bekhetha aphantsi.
Nangona yonke into ibonakala ilungile kakhulu ekuqalekeni, itafile yamanzi ingaba yingxaki. Kwintsimi yokwakha kubalulekile ukwazi le ngcamango, kwaye ngesizathu esihle: Ukuba ukumba kuqhutyelwa ngaphantsi kwetafile yamanzi, umngcipheko wokunciphisa kunye nokungazinzi kukhulu kakhulu. Ngoko kufuneka uhlale uyikhumbula loo nto.
Xa uqhuba ukomba kunye/okanye isiseko esinzulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba itafile yamanzi iya kufikelelwa okanye hayi. Amanyathelo anokuthathwa kulo mthi ukunqanda amanzi aphantsi komhlaba ukuba angadluleli kwaye agqibele ngokungena. Izithintelo zomzimba, iinkqubo zokumpompa kunye neendibaniselwano zezi ndlela zimbini zisandul' ukukhankanywa ziqhele ukusetyenziswa njengemilinganiselo yokuthintela. Ukukhetha umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo, ubunzulu bokumbiwa kunye nohlobo lomhlaba kufuneka luthathelwe ingqalelo.
Ingaba ibekwe phi itafile yamanzi?
Ukufumana umbono wokuba ibekwe phi itafile yamanzi, siza kudwelisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwaye siwahlele ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi.
- Umgangatho okanye umphezulu: Ngowona maleko ungaphezulu kwaye uyinxalenye yezowuni engaxutywanga.
- Indawo yomoya: Ikwayinxalenye yezowuni engaxutywanga. Apha, imingxuma efumaneka emhlabeni inokuqulatha zombini umoya kunye namanzi. Kulo nqanaba kukho amanzi e-hygroscopic, eyona nto ibambelele kwinqanaba elincinci elijikeleze iinkozo ezisemhlabeni, kunye namanzi e-capillary. Le yokugqibela ifumaneka nakwii-pores ezincinci. Ukongeza, inoxanduva lokubangela uxinzelelo lwe-capillary kwindawo egcweleyo echukumisa itafile yamanzi kwaye ihluthiswe ngokuyinxenye ngasentla.
- Itafile yamanzi: Ngumaleko obhityileyo, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye, owahlula ummandla womoya ukusuka kwindawo egcweleyo.
- Umphetho weenwele: Idla ngokuba nkulu kancinane kunetafile yamanzi. Ukwahlula ngokusisiseko indawo engaxutywanga ukusuka kwindawo egcweleyo. Apha kulapho amanzi aphantsi komhlaba akhoyo, ahlutha iipores ezikumhlaba wendawo yokuhluza. Ecaleni kwale ndawo, i-capillary fringe idla ngokungena manzi.
- Indawo egcweleyo: Yenziwe ngentlenga kunye nelitye lesiseko. Kuyo, zonke iipores zizele ngamanzi. La manzi adla ngokuhamba phakathi kweentanda kunye neyona mingxunya etyebileyo kwaye abizwa ngokuba ngamanzi axhuzulane okanye amanzi omxhuzulane.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ndicacise onke amathandabuzo akho malunga netafile yamanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nendawo yayo. Njengoko ubona, kukho okuninzi phantsi kweenyawo zethu kunomhlaba kunye nezinambuzane. Umhlaba ugcwele iindlela kunye nezicwangciso ezinceda ukugcina izinto eziphilayo.