Amakhowe Ase-Oregon Giant

Uke wezwa nge-Oregon honey mushroom? Yisikhunta esikhulu esihlala emikhakheni yase-Oregon, e-United States futhi iyisidalwa esiphilayo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kubizwa leli khowe lezinyosi elikhulu I-Armillaria abongile futhi uhlala ehlathini lesizwe laseMalheur futhi waziwa njengekhowe lezinyosi.

Yize izalwe nge-spore eyodwa ebingabonakali ngaphandle kwesibonakhulu, yaqala ukuthuthuka yaze yafika kusayizi ongavamile: amahektha angama-880, okungukuthi, cishe izinkundla zebhola le-1665. Emehlweni, ubukeka njengekhowe elinezigqoko eziningi zegolide. Kuyadliwa yize kungenothile kakhulu ekunambithekeni. Kubhekwa njengekhowe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, i-biology kanye nelukuluku lekhowe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.

Yiliphi ikhowe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni?

Uma sikhuluma ngekhowe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni sikhomba umzimba othela izithelo futhi okuthile okuhluke kakhulu yikhowe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Kulokhu, sibhekisa kusethi yemizimba ethela izithelo kanye ne-mycelium. Namuhla, ikhowe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni lise-Oregon futhi litholakala e-Malheur National Forest, e-United States.. Igama lesayensi laziwa njenge I-Armillaria ostoyae futhi kuyizinhlobo zezinambuzane ezifeze lezi zilinganiso ezinkulu.

I-mycelium yayo ifinyelela kumahektha angama-965 futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi uneminyaka engu-8650 ubudala. Ngenxa yalolu sayizi nezici zalo, kubhekwa futhi njengomuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Yisikhunta esimuncagazi esifutha phansi kwezihlahla futhi singamunca izakhamzimba ngohlobo lwezinhlobo zezinto okuthiwa yi-rhizomorphs. I-mycelium yingxenye engaphansi komhlaba evumela ukuthi imunce izakhi zomzimba ngezinhlobo ezithile zama-rhizomes okuthiwa, ungena empandeni yesihlahla bese uvimba imikhumbi yawo yokuqhuba. Uma ihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukumboza izimpande zomuthi, izofa. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwalolu hlobo lwesikhunta, kunenani elikhulu lomhlaba lapho ungathola khona izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla ezifile.

Futhi iqiniso ukuthi ukhunta lwe-Oregon lungenye yezinhlobo ze-fungus eziyi-100.000 esazi kuphela ukuthi zinesici esithile esikhethekile. Ucwaningo lwaqala emahlathini ase-Oregon ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90. Inani elikhulu lososayensi baseMelika lithole ubukhona be- I-Armillaria ostoyae futhi baqala ukuphenya ngale nto. Isiphetho salezi zifundo kwaba ukuthi lesi sikhunta sasiyimbangela yokucekelwa phansi kwala mahektha namahektha ezihlahla ezifile.

Izintshisekelo zesikhunta se-Oregon

Njengoba sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2400 XNUMX iphila, lesi sikhunta sesibulale amakhulu ezihlahla ezinemicu emide. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi kwatholakala lapho usosayensi uCatherine Parks eqala ukuphenya ngokufa okukhulu kwezihlahla kuleli hlathi. Ngesikhathi sophenyo, wafunda amasampula ezimpande ze-DNA ayi-112 futhi ngaleyo ndlela wathola ukuthi ama-61 awo ayenezinsalela zofuzo ezihambelana ne-DNA yefungi.

Kuze kube ngo-1992 okunye I-Armillaria ostoyae okutholakala esifundazweni saseWashington kwakuyisidalwa esiphilayo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kodwa ngenkathi kutholakala ikhowe lase-Oregon lasheshe lafaka ohlwini ngokuphinda kabili inani lekhowe laseWashington.

Ngenxa yelukuluku nje singasho ukuthi lesi yisidalwa esiphilayo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula kwayo kungaphansi komhlaba kuphela. Kulezi zindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba iyakwazi ukunweba ifike endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-10. Ngaphandle kobukhulu obukhulu kangaka, yiphesenti elincane kuphela lokukhula kwaleli khowe elingabonakala ngenhla komhlaba. Ngokunjalo, yingxenye ebonakalayo lapha ngenhla komhlaba kuphela engadliwa.

Yisikhunta se-saprophytic esingamunca izakhamzimba ezisuka enhlabathini nezitshalo ezincane ezinjengamaqabunga awile noma izinkuni ezibolile. Ososayensi bathi lokho lokhu ukhunta kuyinto yokubola ephumelelayo ngokhuni. Kusukela ngoJulayi kuya kuNovemba, imizimba yezithelo zesikhunta iyabonakala enhlabathini.

Lide kangakanani ikhowe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni?

Ububanzi obukhulu bekepisi laleli khowe ngu-10 cm. It has a eyindilinga futhi lwavutha. Isikhumba saso sinsundu ngombala futhi simbozwe ngesikali esimnyama, esishwabene. Lezi zilinganiso zisobala kakhulu maphakathi nesigqoko. Inamaqabunga wesibili futhi inombala onsundu ngokumhlophe. Bangcola kalula uma ubathinta.

Ngokuqondene nonyawo, luqinile kakhulu futhi lunombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo onesikali esimnyama. Inyama yalesi sibonelo imhlophe futhi inokunambitheka okumnandi ekuqaleni futhi kubaba kamuva. Yize kuwuhlobo olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, akusikhona ukuthi unosayizi ophawuleka kakhulu. Uma kungenjalo, iphunyuka ekusakazekeni ngezimpande zezihlahla ngaphezu kwamahektha amakhulu.

Singayidida i- I-Armillaria ostoyae ne I-Armillaria mellea. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isifanekiso sihlukile ngoba asinazo izikali, izigqoko noma izinyawo ezimnyama. Mayelana nendawo yokuhlala, singazithola ezindaweni lapho kutshalwa khona izihlahla. Zibekwa phezu kweziqu kanye neziqu zezihlahla ezinamakhasi. Ubuningi obukhulu nokunotha kwaleli khowe kuzungezwe ama-conifers.

Isikhathi sokuvuna salesi amakhowe sisekwindla. Ukuyipheka, sidinga ukulahla uphaya kuphela bese sisusa amanzi okupheka. Kungadliwa kuphekiwe, kepha uma kungaphekiwe kahle, kubangela ezinye izimpawu zokudakwa. Kulabo abasanda kuzalwa futhi abangazi kakhulu ngaleli khowe, asikhuthazi ukuwaqoqa. Isetshenziselwa kuphela ukupheka okusebenzayo kwizitsha eziseceleni noma isitshulu. Ukudla wedwa akunconyiwe.

Ngabe ikhowe lingakanani I-Armillaria ostoyae?

Uneminyaka okungenani engama-2500 XNUMX ubudala, sinesisindo esingamathani angama-400 (ilingana nesisindo semikhomo emithathu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) futhi ihlanganisa indawo engamahektha angama-75, okusho ukuthi inezinkundla zebhola likanobhutshuzwayo ezingaba ngu-140 ngosayizi.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, imvelo ingasimangaza ngezinto zayo ezinkulu ngokumangalisayo. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nekhowe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni nokuthi yiziphi izici zalo kanye nelukuluku.