IGírgolas: izici

Ama-gírgolas ziwuhlobo lwe amakhowe ezingalinywa ukuze kamuva zilungiselele ezinye izindlela zokupheka ezimnandi. Igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Pleurotus ostreatus futhi isatshalaliswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izindawo zemvelo ezingashintshiwe kakhulu ngesandla somuntu. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizokutshela ngazo zonke izakhiwo ama-gírgolas anazo, nokuthi zikhula kanjani nezidingo ezidingekayo zokuzinakekela.

Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngalawa makhowe? Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde konke.

Izici eziyinhloko

Ama-gírgolas anesici esikhethekile futhi yilokho ziyakwazi ukukhula ezingxenyeni eziphilayo noma ezifile zezitshalo ezingenakho ukudla okunomsoco namavithamini. Benza lokhu ngokucekela phansi izinto eziphilayo. Ngokuvamile, badla i-cellulose ne-lignin abasusa ku-substrate.

Ngenxa yobungako bokukwazi ukukhula ezindaweni lapho kunezinye izitshalo ezingenamsoco noma izingxenye ezifile, ingakhula cishe kunoma iyiphi i-substrate. Kungenzeka uzibone zikhula ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi komhlaba njengezinye izinsalela zezolimo, imicu yotshani, umhlanga, izinhlanga kanye namakhoba ka-sunflower. Zidinga kuphela izimo ezithile ezincane ukuze zikhule futhi azidingi kakhulu, ngakho-ke amandla okusinda aphezulu.

Isigqoko onaso singakwazi babe nobukhulu obusukela ku-5 kuye ku-15 cm. Uma uzibona zikhule kahle, zifana nezimo zezambulela. Ukuze wazi ukuthi isencane yini, kufanele nje ubheke ukuthi ingaphezulu layo liyindundulu futhi, njengoba ikhula, iyabhabha ize ifinyelele ekuvuthweni. Umzimba othelayo awujwayelekile ngombala ongahluka kusuka kokumpunga okukhanyayo kuye kokusundu okumnyama. Singathola ama-specimens anama-shades ahluka phakathi kwale mibala emibili.

Mayelana ne-lamellae, singasho ukuthi zibanzi futhi zimhlophe ngokukhilimu. Zihlukaniswe kabanzi kakhulu komunye nomunye. Kukule lamellae lapho kukhiqizwa khona izinhlamvu ezidingwa yileli fungus. Izinhlamvu ezikhiqizayo zinombala ompunga ngokukhanyayo futhi zikhishwa zize zifike phezulu kwesigqoko. Unyawo olufushane impela futhi kungenzeka ukuthi alunjalo.

Umjikelezo wokuzala nenani lokudla okunempilo

Ukuze le fungus iqale isikhathi sokuzala, umuntu omdala kufanele aqale ngokukhipha izinhlamvu. Kulesi simo, kudingeka umswakama ofanele kanye nezinga lokushisa ukuze likhule futhi likhiqize i-hypha. Le hypha iqala ukukhula futhi yakhe i-mycelium lapho ikhowe kukhula kancane kancane.

Kungashiwo ukuthi umjikelezo wokukhiqiza uphela lapho isithelo esivuthiwe sikhipha izinhlamvu futhi ukuqala ukuhluma futhi. Le nkathi imvamisa ihlala phakathi kwamasonto ayi-7 no-8 ezimeni zayo ezifanele.

Inani lokudla okunempilo lihluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi alinywa noma ama-gyrgolas asendle. Ngokuvamile, lezo ezimila esiqwini sikaphophulamu zinkulu futhi zimnyama kunezasendle. Bavame nokuba nomzimba oqinile. Ngokuphikisana nabo, lezo ezitshalwe ngotshani kakolweni zincane futhi zintekenteke ngokwengeziwe. Lokhu kungenxa yenani lezakhamzimba nendawo okumele bakwazi ukuthuthukisa kangcono. I-straw ayinayo indawo enkulu kakhulu, ngokungafani nemipopula. Ngalesi sizathu, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi zikhuliswa ezindaweni lapho kunempumelelo enkulu yokuzala khona.

Kuwo wonke amagremu ayi-100 womkhiqizo sithola ama-kcal angama-376 kanye nokwakheka kwama-carbohydrate amaningi. Inamaprotheni ayi-18% namanye amaminerali amahle afana ne-phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium ne-iron.

Ukulima kweGyrgolas

Kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala ama-gírgolas futhi ancike ohlotsheni lwe-substrate lapho lwenziwa khona kanye nohlobo lokuphathwa okwenziwa endaweni lapho kutholakala khona. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, sinezinketho eziningana zokutshala ngokuya nge-substrate: eyokuqala yilelo zikhule ngezicucu zezihlahla ezinjenge-poplar nezinye izihlahla zomndeni wakwaSalicaceae. Le ndlela ingenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinenye indlela yokulima engenxa yokutshala ezindaweni ze imfucumfucu yezimboni ezifana notshani bukakolweni, ikhoba lommbila noma ukushefa okuthile noma amakhoba abhekilanga. Ukwehlisa inani lama-microorganism angcolisayo, kusetshenziswa amanye amasu afana ne-pasteurization futhi ayanothiswa.

Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezitshalo zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuya ngendawo nendawo ezikuyo. Okokuqala ukuthi esiqwini se-poplar sigcinwa ngokuchayeka okukhulu emoyeni ovulekile futhi imvelo ezothuthuka kuyo ayiguqulwa neze. Ngalolu hlelo lokutshala kungenzeka kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kwesizini kanye nentuthuko enhle yemvelo.

Endabeni lapho kusetshenziswa khona amasu ngokulima izinsalela zezolimo, kubhekiselwa kuzo izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezinamandla kakhulu kanye nemvelo ilawulwa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kulolu hlobo lokukhiqiza isigaba sokuqala sokutshala imali siphakeme, okusho ubungozi ezinzuzweni zokugcina.

Izidingo zemvelo

Ukuze ama-gírgolas akhule kahle, kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezilandelanayo. Phakathi kwazo kunesidingo sokuthi amazinga okushisa abe ku- ububanzi obuvela kuma-degree ayi-17 kuye kwangama-23. Lezi zinga lokushisa zivame ukwenzeka ngenkathi yokuwa futhi ngandlela thile entwasahlobo. Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi lapho kutholakala umkhiqizo omningi.

Manje yebo, umswakama yisidingo esidinga kakhulu. Futhi ukuthi njengoba sesivele sazi, imfuneko ebalulekile yesikhunta umswakama. Zidinga umswakama ophezulu ukuze zikwazi ukuthuthuka. Isitshalo siyakudinga lokho umswakama ozungezile okungenani u-80%.

Lapho ama-gyrgolas atshaliwe eseqoqiwe, ama-lamellae kufanele abekwe phezulu ukuze izinhlamvu ezikhishwa ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwazo kwezocansi zigcinwe ohlangothini olungaphezulu.

Ngiyethemba lolu lwazi lusiza ukuthi ufunde kabanzi ngama-gyrgolas nokulinywa kwawo.