Yini ama-halophytes?

Kwiplanethi yoMhlaba kunezinhlobo eziningi zemvelo, ngayinye yazo inezici zayo eziphoqe izitshalo ukuba zivumelane nezimo noma zife, ngoba lezi zimo nazo zingashintsha njengoba iminyaka ihamba. Ngenxa yalokho, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezidalwa zezitshalo, futhi olunye lwalezo zinhlobo lubizwa ama-halophytes.

Lokhu kuyathakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba kunelukuluku lokwazi ukuthi bayakwazi ukuhlala endaweni efana naleyo abahlala kuyo. Kepha, Ziyini ngempela?

Bayini?

Ama-halophytes yilezo zitshalo ezinezimpande ezixhumana namanzi anosawoti noma ezihlala emhlabathini onosawoti omningi, yingakho aziwa njengezitshalo zikasawoti. Ngokwemvelo, banenani elithile likasawoti ngaphakathi, kepha baqeda okweqile ngokusebenzisa ama-trichomes okuvikela usawoti (amaqhubu acishe abonakale "esikhunjeni").

Umshini usho ukuthi bagxila kokuqukethwe kasawoti okusemakhasini abo, kepha lapho bewa noma befa, kufanele bamunce okuningi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona?

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-2% yazo zonke izitshalo emhlabeni zingama-halophytes, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:

• Kuqinile: yilezo ezingaphila kuphela ezindaweni ezinosawoti.
• Ongakukhetha: yilezo ezibekezelela usawoti omningi, kepha futhi zingahlala ezindaweni ezinosawoti omncane, njengotshani bezindawo ezinosawoti noma iSpartina.

Ezinye izibonelo ziyi:

I-Ammophila arenaria

Utshani obungapheli obaziwa ngokuthi yi-marram noma umhlanga okhula emabhishi ase-Europe, eNyakatho Afrika nase-Middle East. Iqala ukuma okumile kuze kube ngamamitha ayi-1,2, futhi amaqabunga awo aluhlaza okotshani.

Kungatshalwa enhlabathini enesihlabathi, ukulungisa inhlabathi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukuguguleka. Eqinisweni, yayisetshenziselwa le nhloso eLandes de Gascogne (France). Imelana kuze kufike ku- -7ºC.

I-Calystegia soldanella

Kuyaziwa njenge-dune bell noma insimbi yesihlabathi, futhi kungotshani obukhula ngokushesha, obudlamkileyo bomdabu ogwini lwaseYurophu ifinyelela ubude obuphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-60 kuya kwangu-90. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo ikhiqiza izimbali ezimise okwe-pink njengensimbi.

Izici zokwelapha kuthiwa zenziwa yilo; ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswe njenge-laxative, isisu, i-febrifuge, ne-ejenti yokuphulukisa. Imelana namazinga okushisa aphansi aze afike ku -5ºC.

ICocos nucifera

El isihlahla sikakhukhunathi Kuyisundu esishisayo esidabuka emabhishi aseCaribbean, e-Indian Ocean nasePacific. Ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu uma isimo sezulu sifudumele unyaka wonke futhi sinamanzi anele. Ingafinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ukuphakama, nesiqu esincane esilinganisa amasentimitha angama-30-35 ububanzi.. Amaqabunga aphinyiwe, afinyelela kumamitha ayi-5 ubude, futhi akhiqiza izithelo, njengoba sazi, okuyikakhukhunathi.

Ingatshalwa zombili ezingadini eziseduze nolwandle futhi kude nayo, okubalulekile ukuthi awekho amakhaza nokuthi umhlaba unamapayipi amahle kakhulu.

I-Euphorbia paralias

I-Beach spurge umuthi ongapheli otholakala eMacaronesia, esifundeni saseMedithera naseziQhingini zaseCanary. Ikhula ize ifike kumasentimitha ayi-75 ubude, neziqu zayo zihluma ziluhlaza, zincane kakhulu, zinamaqabunga agqagqene.

Kuyisitshalo esivamile ezifundeni ezifudumele ezinesimo sezulu esipholile, ngakho-ke asimelani namazinga okushisa aqine kakhulu.

I-Pancratium maritimum

Kuyaziwa njenge Umnduze wolwandle futhi kuyisitshalo esikhulu esihlala ezindunduma ezingaguquki ezingasogwini lwe-Atlantic, kubandakanya nalezo zaseMedithera. Amaqabunga athambile, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti izimbali zimhlophe, zifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-15 ubude.

Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukulima, ngoba imelana nesomiso kahle kakhulu uma isemhlabathini. Eqinisweni, kudinga isikhathi esomile ukuze sikhule ngokujwayelekile futhi sichume. Imelana nesithwathwa size sifike ku -7ºC.

I-Pinus halepensis

El Iphayini le-Aleppo kungenye yezimbalwa zohlobo lwayo ezingaphila amamitha ambalwa ukusuka olwandle. Emabhishi eziQhingi zeBalearic kuvame kakhulu, njengoba kwakha ama-groove ibanga elifushane ukusuka emanzini. Kepha iyatshalwa nasezingadini, njengoba ikhula kahle nasolwandle njengoba ikhula enhlabathini yobumba.

Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-25, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ithola isiqu esibuhlungu, esinomqhele ongajwayelekile owenziwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza acrylic avuselelwa unyaka wonke. Imelana kuze kufike ku- -7ºC.

I-Spartina alterniflora

Kuyinto imifino ehlala njalo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-crabgrass evela eMelika, kokubili enyakatho naseningizimu. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-1, ngeziqu eziyize lapho kuhluma khona amaqabunga aluhlaza.

Ukutshalwa kwayo akunconyiwe, ngoba kunamandla amakhulu wokuhlasela.

Bahlalaphi?

Singazithola ngokwemvelo ku- amaxhaphozi, amabhishi, amaxhaphozi, nemihlume. Ngalesi sizathu, kuningi kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo okunganiselwa ngamanzi anosawoti.

Ubucabangani ngalesi sihloko?