I-Hydroponics ne-hydroponics: izitshalo ezikhulayo ngaphandle kwenhlabathi

Uke wezwa nge-hydroponics ne-hydroponics? Lolu uhlelo lokutshala oluthakazelisa kakhulu, olunikeza izinzuzo eziningi uma kuqhathaniswa nokulinywa kwendabuko, futhi ezimweni eziningi kungaba inketho emindenini engenawo umhlaba wokulima ingadi yayo kepha efuna ukuba nemifino emisha.

Ukuqonda lolu hlelo akunzima kakhulu, kepha uma ufuna ukuqala kuyinto ejwayelekile ngokuphelele ukuthi kuvela ukungabaza okuningi. Ngakho-ke kule ndatshana Ngizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ukuze uqale ukujabulela le ndlela yokufuna ukwazi yokutshala izitshalo.

Kuyini i-hydroponics?

IHydroponics yigama elenziwe nge- "hydro" elisho amanzi, kanye ne- "ponia" elihumusha njengomsebenzi noma umsebenzi; okungukuthi, kuyinto uhlelo lokulima olungenhlabathi. Yize yenziwe yaba yesimanjemanje ezikhathini zakamuva, kuyaziwa ukuthi eminyakeni engaba ngu-2600 XNUMX eyedlule, eBhabhiloni, iNkosi uNebukadinesari I yayinezingadi ezilengayo ezazakhiwe lapho kwakutshalwa khona izitshalo ngale ndlela.

Isebenza kanjani?

Noma yisiphi isitshalo esilingana nosawoti waso sidinga ukukhanya, amanzi kanye nenani elilinganisiwe lezakhamzimba. Lezi izakhamzimba amuncwa izimpande njalo, ngaso sonke isikhathi uma exutshwe namanzi noma ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho bewadinga khona - kuya ngohlobo lohlelo onalo-, ngaleyo ndlela uzuze impilo enhle kakhulu nokukhula okuhle.

Yize ungacabanga ukuthi zingakhula kancane kulolu hlelo, iqiniso ukuthi kuzoncika kakhulu ohlotsheni lwenhlanganisela nokuthi zinkulu kangakanani izikhala ezihloselwe izidalwa zezitshalo. Noma kunjalo, kunconywa kuphela ukutshala izitshalo ezincane ezidliwayo, njenge ulethisi, izitshalo zikatamatisi, upelepele, njll.

Izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-hydroponic

Kungavulwa noma kuvalwe:

Vula uhlelo lwe-hydroponic

Isixazululo sezakhi sixubene namanzi noma kunini lapho kudingeka khona, ngaphandle kokuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha, njengesibonelo kwenziwa emibhedeni yokulima noma emapayipini e-PVC.

Kuvaliwe uhlelo lwe-hydroponic

Kulesi simiso, ikhambi lezakhi lizungeza ngokuqhubekayo, ukuze izimpande zikwazi ukumunca isikhathi ngasinye lapho bezidinga. Yilokho okwenziwayo uma kukhuliswa eziteshini ze-PVC, noma ngeNutrient Film (noma i-NFT ngenqubo yayo ehunyushwe ngesiNgisi), phakathi kokunye.

Yiziphi izakhamzimba ezibalulekile ezitshalweni?

Uma sifuna ukuthi uhlelo lwethu lwe-hydroponics lusebenze kahle, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izakhi izitshalo ezidinga zona, ngoba uma kungenjalo ngeke sikwazi ukuzikhokhela kahle:

AmaMacronutrients

• I-nitrogen (N): Bayisebenzisela ukukhiqiza amaqabunga futhi bakhule.
• I-Phosphorus (P): Iphethe ukuvuselela nokuthanda ukukhula kwezimpande, izimbali, izithelo nembewu. Kuyasiza futhi ukulwa nezifo.
• I-Potassium (K): isiza ekwenziweni kweziqu, futhi futhi ikhule.
• Isibabule (Ama): Kuyadingeka ekwakhekeni kwamaprotheni kanye ne-chlorophyll.
• I-calcium (Ca): Inesibopho sokukwazi ukujuluka, futhi isiza ukuvikela ezifweni nasekucindezelekeni ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphakeme.
• I-Magnesium (Mg): kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-chlorophyll, ngakho-ke, ukuze i-photosynthesis.

Izakhamzimba

• I-chlorine (Cl): kuyadingeka ekuphenduleni kwe-photosynthetic okhiqizwa i-oxygen.
• Insimbi (Fe): kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa i-chlorophyll.
• IBoron (B): kuyangenelela ekupholiseni nasekusetshenzisweni kwe-calcium.
• I-Manganese (Mn): yenza kusebenze ama-enzyme athile, futhi kuyadingeka ukukhipha umoya-mpilo ku-photosynthesis.
• I-Zinc (Zn): kuyingxenye yenhlanganisela yamanye ama-enzyme.
• Ithusi (Cu): kubalulekile ekuphefumuleni futhi kuyadingeka ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis. Kuyasiza futhi ukuqinisa ukunambitheka nombala wemifino nezimbali.
• I-Nickel (Ni): Iphethe ukuxubungula i-urea nitrogen ukuze iguqulwe ibe yi-ammonia esetshenziselwe izitshalo.
• I-Molybdenum (Mo): ilungisa i-nitrogen futhi inciphise ama-nitrate.

Ukwazi lokhu, ungenza ukuxuba okulungile kwezakhamzimba, kuya ngesizini yonyaka okuyo.

Yiziphi izidingo ukuze ukwazi ukuba nesiko le-hydroponic?

Ukuze izitshalo zikhule kahle futhi ujabulele isivuno esihle kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuthi ubheke okulandelayo:

Indawo

Indawo ekahle kumele libalele, noma okungenani lithole okungenani amahora ayisithupha okukhanya okuqondile ngosuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi ikude nemithombo yomoya, izitshalo ezigulayo nezilwane ezifuywayo.

Kwezindaba zokunethezeka nokusebenza, kudingekile ukuthi kube khona umthombo wamanzi eduze nendawo ephephile yokugcina izakhamzimba.

Izinga lokushisa nomswakama

Kunconywa ukuthi izinga lokushisa kuphakathi kuka-20 no-24ºC, ukuze izimpande zikwazi ukumunca kalula izakhamzimba futhi nezitshalo zinhle ngangokunokwenzeka. Khumbula ukuthi ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kuzoholela okwehlukile kumaphesenti womswakama, okufanele abe phakathi kuka-40 no-60%.

Amanzi

Amanzi abalulekile empilweni, futhi lapho sifuna ukuba nokulima kwe-hydroponic yethu leso sitatimende sibaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, Kumele ihlanzeke futhi ihlanzeke ngangokunokwenzekaNgakho-ke, kukhethwa amanzi adonswe phansi, ngokusebenza okuphansi kukagesi (EC) nezingxenye eziphansi ngamazinga ayisigidi (PPM).

Futhi, i-pH kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-5.8 no-6.2, ngaphandle kokuthi ulime enhlabathini ezoba phakathi kuka-6 no-6.8. I-pH ilinganisa i-alkalinity yesisombululo esikalini esisuka ku-0 siye ku-14, sithathwa njenge-asidi ngaphansi kuka-7, esingathathi hlangothi ku-7, ne-alkaline engaphezulu kwe-7.

Umanyolo we-Hydroponic

Namuhla uzothola izixazululo ezithengiswayo ezinomsoco zezilimo ze-hydroponic ezilungele ukusetshenziswa, kungaba uketshezi noma impuphu. Ozozibona izinombolo ezintathu, ezikhombisa inani le-NPK eliqukethe. Ngakho-ke, uma kungu-15-15-15, kukhombisa ukuthi iqukethe i-15% nitrogen, enye i-phosphorus nenye i-potassium. Ama-55% asele ngokuyisisekelo angamanzi nezakhamzimba.

Umanyolo woketshezi kufanele nje uxutshwe namanzi njengoba kukhonjisiwe kwiphakethe; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezo eziyimpuphu nazo zingadinga umlawuli we-pH.

I-Iluminación

Izitshalo zidinga ukukhanya ukuze zenze i-photosynthesis, ngakho-ke, ukuze zikhule, zichume, zithele izithelo ... futhi ekugcineni, ziphile. Ukwazi lokhu, uma ufuna ukuba nohlelo oluphelele lwe-hydroponic engu-100%, Kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi bathola amahora wokukhanya ayi-15-18 ekukhuleni okugcwele, naphakathi kwamahora ayi-10 kuya kwayi-12 ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.

Ukuthola kanjani lokho? Ngamalambu we-MH. Lezi zibani zikhipha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuluhlaza, okulungele isigaba sokukhula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma futhi uzotshala ama-cuttings, noma izitshalo ezihlala isikhashana, zizokwenza kangcono ngokukhanyisa kwe-T5, okuwukukhanya okuphezulu kwe-fluorescent okusebenzisa kakhulu amandla.

Qiniseka ukuthi ihlala ivula futhi icisha ngasikhathi sinye nsuku zonke, ngosizo lwesibali sikhathi, isibonelo. Ngale ndlela, ngeke kube khona ukungalingani ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kwezitshalo.

Usayizi wegadi we-Hydroponic

Isikhala esitholakalayo akuyona into okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo. Kunezingadi ezincane kakhulu ze-hydroponic, i-1m, futhi kukhona ezinkulu kuze kufike ku-200m. Ngakho-ke uma ungenayo indawo enkulu kakhulu, yehlisa umoya ngoba ungatshala imifino eyanele izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Iziqukathi

Empeleni Noma yini engeyona eyensimbi engangenisi manzi futhi enokujula okungenani okungu-10cm ingenza iqhinga.: amathayi, amabhakede epulasitiki, amabhokisi enziwe ngokhuni, ... Impela, kuyalulekwa ukuthi nayo ibe yimibala emnyama ne-opaque, ngoba ulwelwe luvame ukukhula kangcono kuleyo enemibala elula.

Substrates izitshalo hydroponic

Izigatshana ezizosetshenziswa kufanele ibe yintsha, ingangcoliswa futhi ikwazi ukugcina umswakama futhi idonse amanzi amaningi. Ngokunjalo, kufanele zenziwe izinhlayiya ezincane, eziphakathi kuka-2 no-7mm, futhi akumele zehlise kalula. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa lezi zingxube:

• 50% akadama (kuyathengiswa lapha+ 50% isihlabathi somfula esasigezwe phambilini
• I-pumice engu-60% + i-40% arlite (isendalini lapha)
• Hlanza amanzi emvula

Yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga ze-hydroponics?

Izinzuzo

Ukutshalwa kwendabuko kwezitshalo kuyindlela ethakazelisa kakhulu futhi ifundisa, kepha iqiniso ukuthi uma uyiqhathanisa ne-hydroponics, sizobona ngokushesha ukuthi inezinzuzo eziningi:

Izinambuzane nezifo ziyavikeleka

Ngokusebenzisa ama-substrates ahlanzekile namanzi, ukubonakala kwazo zombili izinambuzane kanye nezilwanyana ezincane kuvinjelwe ezibangela izifo, futhi noma ngabe zikhona, kulula ukuziqeda. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo eziningi ezinempilo futhi ezinamandla ziyatholakala.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo zingatshalwa kaninginingi

Izakhi zomzimba ezitholakalayo emhlabeni ziyaphela njengoba izimpande zimunca, into ephoqa wonke umlimi wasengadini, umlimi noma umuntu othanda ukuzilibazisa ukuthi afake umanyolo emhlabathini, awufake umanyolo. Le nkinga nge-hydroponics iyasuswa, ukwazi ukutshala uhlobo olufanayo izikhathi eziningi njengoba sifuna.

Ukuvuna okuphezulu kutholakala esikhaleni esifanayo

Ngiyabonga banezinhlelo eziningana lapho kungatshalwa khona izinhlobo eziningi. Futhi njengoba ngayinye yazo izoba nenani lezakhamzimba elizidingayo, singaqiniseka ukuthi zonke zizokhula.

Izitshalo ezinempilo zitholakala

Njengoba siphethe ukubanikela ngakho konke abakudingayo, bayakwazi ukuthola ukukhanya okulinganiselayo kokukhanya, umoya, amanzi kanye nezakhamzimba.

Akunasidingo sokusebenzisa umhlaba

Amanzi, inqobo nje uma lina futhi lihlanzekile, kuyindlela enhle kakhulu lapho izitshalo zingakhula khona. Yini enye, ungakwazi ukulawula ngokuphelele izakhi zomzimba ezitholakalayo, futhi ingasetshenziswa kabusha ngokuhlala ohlelweni.

nebubi

Kepha futhi inezinkinga ezithile, okuyilezi:

Kudingeka ukutholakala kwamanzi njalo

Ngaphandle kwamanzi, asikho isitshalo esizokwazi ukukhula. Khumbula ukuthi i-hydroponics isho ukukhula ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, kodwa Uma ungenalo lolu ketshezi oluyigugu, ngeke uthole lutho.

Kuthatha isikhathi

Ukuthola ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-hydroponics, ukufunda konke mayelana nobhalisile, ukunakekela izitshalo, nokuvikela nokwelashwa kwezilokazane nezifo.

Ukutshalwa kwemali kokuqala kungaba phezulu

Ikhithi ephelele neyobuchwepheshe ikubiza okungenani u- € 400, okuyinto eningi. Kepha yimali ogcina uyithole ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngoba ngeke ube nesidingo sokuyisebenzisela imikhiqizo yezempilo uma unakekela imininingwane, futhi ulawula ukuthi amanzi, i-substrate nohlelo kuhlanzekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ubuye ugcine izindleko zokuthenga ukudla wena, kusuka embewini, ozokuthola…, futhi lezo zimvilophu zembewu njengamanje zibiza ama-euro angama-1-2.

Indlela yokwenza hydroponics okuzenzela?

Okwamanje mhlawumbe ucabanga ukuthi ama-hydroponics agcinelwe ochwepheshe kuphela, kepha iqiniso ukuthi akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Kudinga ukuthola ulwazi oluthile lobuchwepheshe, kepha lokho akusho ukuthi leli yizwe abalandeli abangakwazi ukungena kulo. Akunakwenzeka.

Eqinisweni, ungaba nengadi yakho ye-hydroponic ebhodleleni elilula elingu-2 litre. Awukholwa kimi? Landela lezi zinyathelo bese ungitshela 😉:

Izinto zokwakha

• 2l ibhodlela
• I-coconut fiber (iyathengiswa lapha)
• 1l wamanzi
• Izintambo ezi-1-2 zendwangu
• I-Foil
• 1l womanyolo we-hydroponics (uyathengiswa Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.)
• Imbewu encane yemifino: utamatisi, upelepele, ulethisi, ibasil, ...
• Umaki unomphela
• Izikrini
• Ikhithi yokulungisa i-PH

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

1. Okokuqala, hlanza ibhodlela kahle - ngamanzi.
2. Okulandelayo, maka umugqa nomaka, cishe u-5cm ngaphansi komgodi, lapho kunyamalala khona ibhodlela.
3. Manje, sika ibhodlela emgqeni bese ubeka ingxenye esikiwe ngaphakathi, ubheke phansi. Gcwalisa ingxenye engezansi ngamanzi, uze ubone ukuthi icishe ihlanganise ingxenye encane yengxenye oyethule.
4. Bese kuthi, uma kunesidingo, kufanele ulungise i-pH yamanzi, ukuze ibe phakathi kuka-6 no-6.5.
5. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka intambo, ukuyidlulisa ngomlomo webhodlela bese uyenza ifinyelele cishe kokuthathu kokuphakama kwendawo okuzosetshenziselwa ukukhula, okungukuthi, phezulu.
6. Okulandelayo, gcwalisa phezulu ngentambo kakhukhunathi eyayifakwe ngaphambilini. Qinisekisa ukuthi intambo icishe ibe ncane phakathi nendawo.
7. Ekugcineni, hlwanyela imbewu ezimbili noma ezintathu, uzishiye zihlukanisiwe. Kamuva, lapho sebekhule kancane - emasontweni amabili noma amathathu emva kokuhlwanyela - kuzodingeka ushiye eyodwa kuphela, enamandla kunawo wonke.

Ukuze ingadi ingenazinambuzane nezifo, kunconywa ukusonga ibhodlela ngento ethambile, Njengo-aluminium foil.

Ungazithenga kuphi izinhlelo ze-hydroponic?

Amazon

Kulesi sikhungo esikhulu se-inthanethi uzothola i- izinhlobonhlobo zama-hydroponic grow kits, ngamanani entengo amahle, njengaleyo enezimbobo ezingama-36 ezenziwe nge-PVC ebiza u- € 89,90 kusuka kumkhiqizo weHUKOER nokuthi ungathola kuphi lapha.

Noma lokhu okunye, kuhlangene kakhudlwana futhi kunomklamo omuhle ngempela ovela kumkhiqizo weGarland, olinganisa u-62 x 40 x 47cm, obiza u- € 93,61 futhi ongawuthenga lapha.

Ngokufanayo, uzothola zonke izesekeli nemikhiqizo edingekayo ukukhulisa izitshalo zakho ngalezi zinhlelo.

Izitolo ezikhethekile

Ukuthenga ezitolo ezikhethekile kwi-hydroponics kuyindlela enhle kakhulu, ngoba noma yimuphi umsebenzi uzokwazi ukuxazulula konke ukungabaza onakho okwamanje.

Futhi ngalokhu senziwe. Sithemba ukuthi ufunde okuningi nge-hydroponics ne-hydroponics, futhi uyakhuthazwa ukuthi uzame 🙂.