La Ama-Phragmites australis isitshalo samanzi esivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi ezipholile futhi esomndeni I-Poaceae futhi igama layo livela emsindweni wesiGreki iphragma okusho umhlanga omncane. Lolu hlobo olubabazekayo kukhula ngamandla, ngenxa yohlelo lwayo lwempande oluqinile lwe-rhizomatous.
Ingafinyelela osayizi obuphakathi kuka-2 no-6 m ukuphakama, ngenxa yeziqu zayo ezinkulu eziqinile, kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi nomswakama okhona endaweni. Yize ithanda umswakama, ibekezelela isomiso sesikhashana kahle kakhulu. Yisitshalo esihlaselayo, esenza sibe ngcono kakhulu ekuhlanzweni kwezitshalo.
Izici
Lolu hlobo lwezitshalo esingaluthola ezindaweni ezinomswakama omningi imvamisa kuyinkomba enhle yokuthi inhlabathi inezakhamzimba ezanele IPunto isitshalo esidinga umswakama ophakeme nezinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo. Ngokuba nezidingo eziphezulu zomsoco, yonke inhlabathi lapho ungathola khona lesi sitshalo izokhombisa ukuthi inekhwalithi enhle.
Isibonelo, lesi sitshalo Isatshalaliswa ngaphakathi kweSouth-East Regional Park futhi isatshalaliswa kabanzi emifuleni emine eyakha le ngxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singazithola nakumachibi ayi-123 ahlelwe.
La Ama-Phragmites australis ezimeni ezifanele ingakhula ngaphezu kwamamitha amane ukuphakama. Iziqu zawo zinamandla, zimile mpo, ziluhlaza, ziyaphikelela futhi zingenalutho futhi amanye amaqabunga awo atholakala ohlangothini olulodwa lwesiqu, umbala oluhlaza okotshani, onwetshiwe, uyisicaba futhi unemiphetho emincane futhi emangele.
I-inflorescence yalesi sitshalo yenzeka ngenyanga ka-Agasti. Izimbali zaso zivela njengesigaxa esakhiwe ngamaphikele amaningi anombala onsundu.Lawa ma-spikes anamagatsha amaningi futhi aqukethe kakhulu. Ama-spikes noma ama-panicles angalingana aze afike ku-20 cm ububanzi ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwesitshalo. I-spikelet ngayinye iqukethe izimbali ezimbili kuya kwezingu-2.
Ubukhulu bezimbali buyancipha kusukela phansi kuya phezulu kwesipikha. Kwesinye isikhathi akuwona wonke ama-spikelets aphumelele, ngoba ezinye zazo zincishiselwa ekubeni yi-glume ne-floret, okwenza ukuthi intshakaza ingakhombisi ukuvela kwezimpaphe. Maqondana nembewu lezi zincane futhi zingalinganisa u-1.5 mm ubude.
Sikhuluma ngohlobo lwesitshalo esingapheli leso izala ikakhulukazi ngama-rhizomes. Lokhu kusho ukuthi idinga indawo enkulu ukuze ikwazi ukuzala nokusabalala kuyo yonke insimu. Esinye sezici ezisemqoka lesi sitshalo esigqame ngaso ukuthi, ngesikhathi sehlobo, sinombala oluhlaza kanti ebusika siphenduka umbala obomvu ngokubomvu.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zemibala zingathembela ngokuphelele emazingeni okushisa asenkathini ngayinye. Kungenzeka ukuthi sesivele sisekwindla nokuthi namanje abanawo umbala onsundu ngokubomvu obonakala kubo ngalezi zikhathi zamazinga okushisa aphansi.
Umsuka nendawo yokuhlala
Lesi yisitshalo esidabuka eYurophu esisakazeke kabanzi emhlabeni, sitholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi amahlanu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifudumele. Kusakazeke kakhulu ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphoziKungabonakala futhi emaxhaphozini asafufusa futhi aqhubekayo.
Ukusakazwa kwe- Ama-Phragmites australis
Izinhlobo izala imbewu nangama-stolon nama-rhizomes. Ukuphindaphindwa kwasendaweni kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngokukhula kwemifino kanye nenqubo yokuvuselela, ukuqothulwa kwabantu abasha Ama-Phragmites uthola ne ukusabalalisa imbewu, ama-rhizomes nezithombo.
Emazweni anamaxhaphozi angaphansi kogu lolwandle, ukukhula kwayo kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngenxa yama-rhizomes ayo aqinile. Mayelana nenqubo yokuvotela impova, kungashiwo ukuthi yiyona evame kakhulu, kepha-ke, kungaba khona ukukhiqizwa kwembewu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokukhulelwa.
Ukusetshenziswa nokusebenza kwe Ama-Phragmites australis
Umhlanga isetshenziswe isikhathi eside emhlabeni wokuluka obhasikidi. Izici zayo zisetshenziselwe ukwenza omatilasi, omata namabhasikidi. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenxa yokushoda kwezinye izinhlobo zezinto zokwakha, kusetshenziswe njengabafundisi bezitshalo zamathenda amaningi. Amaqabunga namahlumela onawo athambile kakhulu kuyadliwa futhi kusebenza njengodayi wazo zombili izingubo eziluhlaza nokuphuzi.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa obekusetshenziswa ngokwesiko ukwakhiwa. Kulesi simo, Yayisetshenziselwa ukwenza uphahla oluthile ezindlini nasezindlini. Uma sisebenzisa i-rhizome yayo futhi siyisebenzisa njenge-decoction ize ibe yimpuphu, ingasebenza njenge-diuretic,
ukuxosha ubisi kanye ne-diaphoretic.
Ngokuqondene nomsebenzi owenziwa ngumhlanga kuzinto eziphilayo, kubaluleke kakhulu. Futhi yilokho Ufeza umsebenzi obalulekile ngoba izinyoni eziningi zasemanzini zihlala futhi zakha izidleke zazo phakathi kwalezi zitshalo.. Njengoba lezi zitshalo zitholakala ezindaweni ezinokuningi kwe-
umswakama nasezifundweni zamanzi ezinobukhulu nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene, izinyoni zisebenzisa ubukhulu bazo ukwakha izidleke zazo.
Ngakho-ke, i Ama-Phragmites australis Isibe isitshalo esihehayo kusuka kumbono wokuhlobisa nowemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinamandla ayo okuhlobisa njengoba kubhekwa njengesinye sezitshalo zasemanzini ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa
amachibi ahlukahlukene okufakelwa. Impela ungazithola lezi zitshalo kumachibi okwenziwa ngamanye amapaki asezindaweni ezisemadolobheni nasezindaweni ezizungezile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sikhuluma ngesitshalo esinemisebenzi emikhulu yemvelo ngakho Isetshenziselwa ukubuyisela izindawo
okumanzi. Yisitshalo esinemisebenzi ehlukahlukene futhi njengoba singasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingasogwini nasemaphakathi nezwe ukuze zilulame futhi zisimamise imvelo kanye nezitshalo nezilwane zazo.
Ukumkhathalela Ama-Phragmites australis
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lesi sitshalo asisebenzisi nje kuphela emkhakheni wokubuyiselwa kwemvelo kepha futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa ezingadini nasemapaki. Uma sifuna ukuba nayo engadini yethu noma ukuyitshala ensimini yethu kufanele sazi izidingo eziyidingayo.
Into yokuqala ngukuthi indawo. Kuyacaca ukuthi yisitshalo esikhula ezindaweni zemvelo ezisemfuleni futhi sidinga indawo engaphandle elangeni eligcwele. Kungenzeka ukuthi iphinde ithuthukiswe ngomthunzi omncane, yize kungeyona ekhonjisiwe kakhulu. Udinga inani elikhulu lamahora we
ilanga ngosuku.
Ngokuqondene ne umhlabathiSesivele sishilo ukuthi idinga ukuhlinzekwa okukhulu kwezakhamzimba. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akulungisi inqobo nje uma kungaba nemisele enhle futhi kuhlala kumanzi. I-drainage ivumela ukuthi ingagcini ngokuthola amanzi amaningi okunisela
futhi kugcinwa isimo esanele somswakama ukuze isitshalo sikhule kahle. Ukugcina lomswakama odingwa yisitshalo, kuzofanele siwunisele kaningi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi unisele nsuku zonke futhi ube notshani eduze kwaso
tshala ukuze usebenzise amanzi aqhubekayo.
Akudingi ukuvundiswa nganoma iyiphi indlela ngaphandle uma inhlabathi impofu kakhulu.
Isikhathi esihle sonyaka sokuyihlwanyela isentwasahlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ayikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu kanti amakhaza aqhubekayo angavimba ukukhula kwawo. Kakhulu lesi sitshalo singamelana nezinga -7 lokushisa
okwesikhashana esincane kakhulu. Lokho ukusho ukuthi, ingamelana kuphela neqhwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Umthelela wezomnotho
La Ama-Phragmites Australis Njengoba kuyisitshalo esihlasela kakhulu, singathinta izindawo ezinkulu zezitshalo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezitholakala ezindaweni eziseduzane nezinhlelo zamanzi noma imisele yokunisela, lezi yizindawo ezifanelekile zesitshalo ukuqala ukuhlasela kalula. Kukhona izindaba ezivela emhlabeni wonke zezitshalo eziningi ezithintekile yilesi sitshalo.
Kuyo yonke iYurophu kubhekwa njengesinye sezimbangela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvela kwezinkinga ezahlukahlukene, njengokukhula kokhula emiseleni nasezinhlelweni zamanzi, kuyisimo esivamile ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Emazweni afana neGibhithe, kuyinto ebalulekile yezimbali emiseleni, lapho iphinde yahlasela nezindawo ezinosawoti emazweni aniselwa.
Inkinga enkulu yalolu hlobo lokhula lwasemanzini ukuvalwa kokugeleza kwamanzi, okudala izinkinga ezihlobene nokusebenza kwezinhlelo, njengamacala edreyini lamanzi, ukulethwa kwamanzi okunisela nokufinyelela ekudobeni.
Imininingwane isifikile ivela eKazakhstan ekhombisa lokho lesi sitshalo sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izinkumbi zezinkumbi. Lezi zinhlobo zingasebenza njengohlobo lwesikhulumi sokubamba izifo eziningana ezibalulekile ze-cereal virus, kufaka phakathi igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lommbila, igciwane lebhali eliphuzi, kanye negciwane likamoba.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokulawula
Ukulawulwa kokuvimbela
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze- Izilawuli ukuvimbela ukusabalala okweqile kwe- Ama-Phragmites AustralisEzinye zisuselwa ekushisweni, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlwana zepulasitiki, ezamasiko, ezebhayoloji, ukulawula ngokomzimba, ukusika, ukudiliza. Nazi ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo
Izifundo zesayensi ziveze ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamakhulu amabili zezinambuzane ezihlobene namaPhragmites, kufaka phakathi izinambuzane, izibungu nesikhunta. Kepha hhayi konke kugcina lapho, Kukholakala ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene nesitshalo.
Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukulawula ukuhlasela kwesitshalo, kusetshenziswa ukudla kwezinkomo, ngokusho kwalolu phenyo indlela inamandla amakhulu okuphumelela ukuqeda umthelela kubantu Ama-Phragmites. Le nketho isuselwa eqinisweni lokuthi izinkomo zingakwazi ukugcina ukudla okugxile ezitshalweni isikhathi esifushane, ngaphandle kokuthinta impilo yakho.
Yize kuliqiniso ukuthi amadlelo aphansi anciphisa inani lalesi sitshalo, ngeshwa okufanayo akwenzeki ngohlelo lwempande lwesitshalo. Noma idlelo lenziwa ngesikhathi esingalungile, okungenzeka ukuthi ukuba khona kweziqu kuyanda.
Ukulawula ngokomzimba
Lapho usebenzisa izindlela zomzimba, kufanele unakekelwe noma kungenjalo kungakhuthazwa ukubonakala kwesitshalo esihlaselayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-herbicide kuhlangene nokushisa okuthile kungaba yindlela ephumelela kakhulu. Uma umuthi onconywayo osetshenzisiwe usufakiwe, ukushiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngonyaka olandelayo ehlobo noma ebusika.
Izitshalo akufanele zishiswe ngaphambi kokuba ziqhakaze, ngoba lokhu kungakhuthaza ukukhula kwazo. Abanye ongoti banombono wokuthi ukushiswa kungagqugquzela kuphela ukukhula nokuqiniswa kwe-rhizome futhi kwenze abantu abasele babe namandla ngokwengeziwe. Ukushisa ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-herbicide kunciphisa ukuhlala unomphela kwesiqu esifile namahlamvu ama-biomass, okuthi kungakhuthaza ukuhluma kwezitshalo ngenkathi yokukhula elandelayo.
Ukulawulwa kwemishini
Lapho usebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamathuluzi kagesi (umshini wokugunda utshani, abasiki bamabhulashi, ukusika okwenziwa ngesandla), lokhu kungasebenza ekunciphiseni ukusabalala kwabantu, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuphumelele ekuqedeni inani labantu uma kungasetshenziswanga ngokuhambisana nesicelo semithi yokubulala ukhula. Ukumbiwa kwenhlabathi kungabuye kube yindlela ephumelelayo yokulawula, kepha uma, uma sekwenziwe, izingcezu zezimpande zihlala emhlabathini, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwabantu kungenzeka.
Ngemuva kokusebenzisa ukulawula ngomshini, indawo kufanele ihlanzwe kahle futhi yonke imfucumfucu eqoqiwe ilahlwe ukugwema ukusabalala kwembewu okungenzeka. Lapho ukusetshenziswa kwemishini kusetshenziswa kuhlangene nokufaka ukhula, okwakamuva kufanele kusetshenziswe kuqala futhi lapho sekudlule okungenani amasonto amabili, bese kusetshenziswa ukulawula ngomshini.