Ikhakhasi, UCynara cardunculus, isitshalo semifino esomndeni I-Asteraceae. Ikhakhasi kanye ne-artichoke kubhekwa namuhla njengezinhlobo ezimbili zezitshalo zomuthi wasendle. Lokhu kuzalwa eMedithera yaseYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika futhi kungesinye sezitshalo ezindala kakhulu ezikhona futhi ebezishiyiwe, kepha namuhla zibuya ngamandla amakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thistle ayilungile kuphela ekunambithekeni futhi inama-calories amancane, kodwa futhi ihlobisa kakhulu.
Izici
Ngonyaka wayo wokuqala wokuphila lesi sitshalo sakha i-rosette Inamaqabunga amakhulu angalingana kuze kube imitha ubude no-0,6 metres ububanzi futhi ahlukaniswe ngokujulile.
Ziyathandeka, zinepineti futhi zinengaphansi elimhlophe futhi zikwenza lokho ine-ribbing impela. Ngonyaka wayo wesibili wokuphila futhi kusukela enkabeni ye-rosette kukhiqizwa isiqu esine-ribbed, ngesilinganiso esingaba amasentimitha ayi-150 ukuphakama cishe nalapho phezulu inamagatsha.
Inkulu amakhanda ezimbali abhekene nokukhiqiza ama-artichokes futhi inezimbali eziyizigaxa futhi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-florets ombala we-violet omuhle, onoboya obunezimpaphe nobucwebe obuhlelwe ngaphezulu kwesitsha, lokhu kuyinyama impela futhi kuzungezwe ama-bracts okubukeka okusaqanda futhi kukhombe futhi. Isithelo selukhula luhlobo a ithoni emnyama nsundu ngopulangwe olunokuthungwa kosilika.
Iziqu zameva zingambozwa ngameva amaningi, mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi akabonakali futhi kungadala ubuhlungu obukhulu impela lapho zihlangana nesikhumba. Izitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezingenawo ameva zenziwe ukuze lokhu kuphazamiseka kunqotshwe ngale ndlela.
Kulinywe ikhakhasi
Kuvame ukwenziwa ngenyanga ka-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi ngqo ensimini, enhlabathini evundile, elungiswe kahle futhi ethambile. Enhlabathini enobumba impela kungcono buyisela ukungcola okuthile okuthambile kakhulu ukubeka imbewu kangcono kakhulu. Kufanele zibekwe cishe ezintathu noma ezinhlanu ngesikhathi, ngoba azikwazi ukungcwatshwa ngokweqile.
Izitshalo ezihlukaniswe kabanzi futhi ezikhula kancane, zivumela lesi sitshalo ukuthi sigxishwe isipinashi, ulethisi noma isithombo. Kuyadingeka ukufaka umanyolo ngendlela efanelekile futhi unikeze ngenkasa ezinyangeni zasehlobo, ngenhloso yokuthi iziqu zibanzi kakhulu futhi ziyinyama kakhulu.
Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, ngezikhathi ezithile kungakuhle ukutshala ikhakhasi ezimbizeni ngenyanga kaMeyi nangemva kwalokho. zifakele emhlabathini ngendlela efanayo nokuhlwanyela ngqo.
Sebenzisa
Iziqu nezikhwebu zidliwa yi-blanching lapho zosa futhi zivame ukuphekwa. Amakhanda ezimbali angasetshenziswa kumalungiselelo afaka ama-artichokes. Ibuye ibe nezindawo ezihlanganayo zokukhiqiza i-curd yamanye ushizi wase-Iberia. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka ukuthola i-biodiesel ngoyili okhishwe ezimbewini zawo, maqondana nokwakheka icishe ifane nembewu ye-sunflower.
Izinhlobonhlobo
Ikhakhasi lobisi
El Thistle ubisi o silybum marianum Kuyisitshalo se-herbaceous esomndeni we I-Asteraceae futhi? inomsuka wayo eMedithera. Amaqabunga alesi sitshalo anomumo ovundlile futhi anesilinganiso esingamasentimitha angama-30; lawo ayisisekelo asatshalaliswa ngesimo se-rosette, emaphethelweni anama-lobes angajwayelekile kanjalo nameva, ombala oluhlaza ogqamile onemizwa emhlophe futhi enesilinganiso esiphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-20 no-180.
Izimbali zinombala obomvana obomvana, yize zingahle zibe yi-der a okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lokho kuvame ukuvela ngonyaka wesibili, kufinyelela cishe kuma-intshi amathathu ububanzi.
Inama-bracts angaphandle lokho Zenziwe njenge-spike egobile enezinsipho ezi-lateral. Lezo eziphakathi nendawo-zangaphandle zinezinsipho ezincane eziseduze nohlobo lwesiqongo nalo olubabayo Badinga umbhede wokutshala olungiselelwe, ithambile, ilingene futhi ayikhululekile, ngoba ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zamakhakhasi ahlukahlukene lokhu kungangcolisa umkhiqizo.
Kunconywa qhubeka ukuhlwanyela ezinyangeni zasekwindla, emigqeni enebanga eliphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-60 kuya kwangu-70. Ukujula okufanele inhlabathi ibe nakho kufanele kube okufanayo ukuze izitshalo zikwazi ukuvela ngokulinganayo, ngakho-ke cishe amasentimitha amabili abe anele. Ama-weevils izinambuzane ezingadala umonakalo omkhulu impela. Ukuzisusa ungazisebenzisa isilawuli esihle samakhemikhali esifaka phakathi isibulala-zinambuzane esithile sohlelo, njengoba inikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Ikhakhasi le-borriquero
El I-Onopordum acanthium noma futhi owaziwa ngegama le- umuthi we-borriquero, njenge-ansarina noma i-borriquera artichoke, isitshalo esiyingxenye yomndeni I-Asteraceae nokuthi ube nethuba lokwenza ubuhlakani kuzwekazi ngalinye. Ubukhulu bayo obukhulu, amaqabunga kanye nesiqu esinoboya obuningi ngezinwele ezimhlophe kanye ne- izahluko ezinombala we-magenta, yenza leli khakhasi libe ngelinye lamahle kakhulu futhi lihle kakhulu.
Ingalinganisa amasentimitha aphakathi kuka-50 no-200. Isiqu sawo simbozwe yimicu eqinile impela, enamaphiko abanzi, ukuthungwa ngokulinya, inoboya obuningi futhi inezinwele ezimhlophe ezimbozayo.
Izimbali zihlelwe ezahlukweni ezinikeza ukubonakala kokuba nembali eyodwa, ngesilinganiso esingaba amasentimitha amane kuya kwayisikhombisa ububanzi, elizungezwe ama-bracts. Amaqabunga awo ahlelwe ngokuhlukile futhi awunayo i-petiole futhi ikhaba lalo linomumo ovundlile onamazinyo amakhulu ngokwanele futhi embozwe imiqolo.
Kwezokwelapha yayisetshenziswa njengohlobo lokwehlisa isisu, emmenagogue, febrifuge, njengesikhuthazi futhi njenge-hypotensive. Kepha ibisetshenziswa futhi njengesinqanda magciwane esikhunjeni, ngoba kuhle kakhulu ekwelapheni i-dermatitis, ukusha, i-eczema, izilonda namanxeba. Ekudleni zivame ukulungiswa njenge-asparagus lapho iziqu zazo zithambile. Amaqabunga uma esehluziwe kungaphekwa njengemifino, izimpande zithambile kangangokuba zingabiliswa ukuze ziphakelwe nebhotela.