Iyini isistimu ye-aquaponics?

Kwezolimo, kuye kwenziwa imizamo kaningi yokuthuthukisa izimo zokulima ukuze kuthuthukiswe kokubili insimu esetshenziswayo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa nezinsiza ezisetshenziswayo. Enye yezinhlelo eziguquguqukayo kakhulu yi-aquaponics. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi kuyini ama-aquaponics nokuthi ungazuza kanjani okuningi kukho.

Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi iyini i-aquaponics, izici zayo, izinzuzo kanye nokubi.

Yini ama-aquaponics

I-Aquaponics iwuhlelo lokukhiqiza ukudla oluhlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezilwane zasemanzini (i-aquaculture) nokutshalwa kwezitshalo emanzini (hydroponics) ngokusebenzisa ukuphindaphindeka kwamanzi okuqhubekayo ezindaweni ezimbili ezingaphansi.

ngalobu buchwepheshe indawo, amanzi namandla kuyagcinwa, futhi imfucuza esuka ohlelweni iye endaweni ezungezile iyancishiswa noma iqedwe ngoba yonke into isetshenziswa. Imikhiqizo yezitshalo nezinhlanzi enempilo, enempilo futhi enambithekayo iyatholakala kuyilapho kuhlonishwa indawo ezungezile.

Izinhlelo ze-Aquaponic zingaklanywa kunoma yisiphi isikali, kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwangasese kanye nezimboni. Ukwengeza, ngale ndlela entsha yokukhiqiza, kuyazuzisa ukudala amathuba emisebenzi, ukukhuthaza ukuzithengela kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwendawo kwemikhiqizo emisha nenempilo.

Umgomo we-aquaponics isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi udoti okhiqizwa izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini (imvamisa izinhlanzi noma ama-crustaceans) aguqulwa isenzo samabhaktheriya abe yimisoco edingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.

Amagciwane abalulekile esizukulwane se-Nitrosomonas ne-Nitrobacter abandakanyeka kule nqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-nitrification. Ngenxa ye-nitrosomonas, i-ammonium endle yezinhlanzi nokudla iguqulwa ibe i-nitrite, yona iguqulelwe ku-nitrate nge-nitrobacter. Lawa ma-nitrate abe esethathwa ngokuqondile yizitshalo futhi asebenze njengama-biofilters ohlelweni, ahlanze amanzi abuyiselwe emachibini ezinhlanzi.

Isebenza kanjani i-aquaponics

Uhlelo lusebenza kanje: Izinhlanzi zikhiqiza umquba, noma umquba, emhlabathini ngemva kokukhipha imfucumfucu enomsoco ekudleni kwazo. Ngamanye amazwi, abantu baphakela izinhlanzi ukuze baphakele abantu kamuva.

Ngakho, "umanyolo" wemvelo okhishwe yizinhlanzi uphonswa phezulu, lapho uthathwa khona izitshalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimpande zihlanza amanzi ngokukhipha lezi zakhi, ezibuyela lapho izinhlanzi zazikhona. Lokhu kuqeda isidingo sokwethula amanzi ahlanzekile masonto onke.

Uhlelo longa amanzi afinyelela ku-90% uma kuqhathaniswa nokulinywa okuvamile futhi luqeda ngokuphelele imfucuza lokho kungenziwa njengoba kuwuhlelo oluvaliwe. Izinhlelo zalolu hlobo sezivele zisetshenziswa namuhla kokubili ekukhiqizeni kwasekhaya nasekukhiqizeni esikalini sezimboni. Isistimu ye-aquaponics yasekhaya ingafakwa endaweni yasemadolobheni, endaweni yamahhala yendlu, kuvulandi, ithola okungenani amahora angu-5 welanga ngosuku. Izinhlelo ezinkulu ze-aquaponic zezohwebo nazo kulula ukuzilawula, njengoba abalimi bengakwazi ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo nezinhlanzi. Imifino, efana ne-lettuce, ingavunwa ngemva komjikelezo omfushane wamaviki amane kuya kwayisithupha.

Umlando othile

Umkhuba wokusebenzisa indle yezinhlanzi ukuvundisa izitshalo usunezinkulungwane zeminyaka ukhona, kanti i-Asia neNingizimu Melika kuyizona miphakathi yokuqala eyasebenzisa le ndlela.

Eminyakeni engaba ngu-900 edlule, ama-Aztec eMexico ayefuya amathafa aseLake Texcoco ukusizakala ngamanzi nezinto eziphilayo ezikhiqizwa ukubola kwemfucuza yezinhlanzi kanye nama-microalgae phansi kwechibi.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, ucwaningo lwesayensi lwaqala ukuvela eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu lubonisa ukuthi ama-metabolites akhiqizwa izinhlanzi angasuswa emanzini futhi asetshenziswe ekutshaleni imifino.

Phakathi neminyaka elandelayo, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yavumela intuthuko ezindaweni zocwaningo ezifana nokuhlonza indle, ukuhlungwa kukadoti webhayoloji, nezimo ezifanele zokwakhiwa kwamasistimu avaliwe.

Cishe ngo-2001, eNyuvesi yaseVirgin Islands, uDkt. James Rakocy wasungula uhlelo lokuqala lwezohwebo lwe-aquaponics, ebeka izisekelo zokusebenza kwayo. Ngokuvela kwedatha ethile ye-aquaponics, ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano kwaqala ukuvela, nenani elikhulu lezinkampani.

Namuhla, izinhlelo zezohwebo ziyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle, futhi amazwe aphezulu asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunjalo ahlanganisa i-United States, iCanada, i-Australia, neMexico.

Ukubaluleka kanye nokusebenza kwe-aquaponics

Lezi zinkinga ziba zibaluleke kakhulu njengoba ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kuncipha emhlabeni wonke futhi kukhula isidingo sokudla. Kulo mongo, I-aquaponic symbiosis ibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kuyindlela yokukhiqiza ukudla engathuthukiswa ezindaweni ezimpofu nezingavundile ezinemithombo yamanzi elinganiselwe.

Izinhlobonhlobo zamamodeli we-aquaponics zivumela ukusetshenziswa esikalini sokuhweba, sasekhaya noma sokuzithengela. Enye indlela esetshenziswa ku-aquaponic symbiosis yi leyo eyenzelwe izinjongo zokuhlobisa, ehlanganisa izinhlanzi nezitshalo zasemanzini, engakhiqiza inzuzo enkulu uma ilawulwa ngokwentengiso.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imisebenzi emincane yenza kube lula ukufundisa ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza okusimeme, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili okunomsoco, nezinye izihloko zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwabafundi ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi, amabanga aphezulu, kanye nezolimo.

Izinzuzo nokuqeda

Izinzuzo

• izinhlelo ze-aquaponic Ziyindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa nokusebenzisa udoti ovame ukulahlwa endaweni ezungezile.
• Amazinga okushintshaniswa kwamanzi angancishiswa, anciphise izindleko zokusebenza ezindaweni ezomile lapho amanzi eyizindleko ezinkulu.
• Qeda ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali afana nezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nomanyolo ngokukhiqiza imifino engabhekwa njenge "organic".
• Ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla esifundeni, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe izinsiza zabasebenzi, imithombo yamanzi, ukudla okunomsoco wezinhlanzi kanye nezakhi zezitshalo.
• I-Aquaponics ingakhiqiza izitshalo ezilingana noma ezingcono kunezinhlelo ze-hydroponic, kuyilapho isivuno sezinhlanzi siphezulu futhi sinempilo kune-aquaculture.
• Kungenziwa ngezinga elincane noma elikhulu.
• Kulula ukuphakela izinhlanzi.
• Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezilula, izinto zokwakha ezifana neziqukathi zingagaywa kabusha, okuyinto engabizi.
• Ilungele umhlaba oneziqu eziphansi zezolimo.
• Ayiwulimazi umhlabathi, futhi ayilimazi amanzi, ngakho inobungani nendawo ezungezile.
• Thola izindlela ezimbili zemali engenayo ezitshalweni nasezifisweni ezikhulayo, ezingangeza emnothweni wendawo uma zidayiswa.
• Umkhaya wonke ungahlanganyela ekwakhiweni nasekunakekeleni kwayo.

Ukungalungi kwe-Aquaponics

• Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-physiology yezitshalo luyadingeka (imifino) kanye nezilwane (inhlanzi), okuhlanganisa nemingcele yekhwalithi yamanzi, njengoba kuwuhlelo oludidiyelwe lwezitshalo ezimbili.
• Lolu hlelo luthembele kugesi ukuze luqhube amaphampu nezihlungi, lubeke lonke uhlelo engozini uma kwenzeka ugesi unqamuka, kanye nezindleko zamandla kagesi.
• Zimbalwa kakhulu izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-aquaponic.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini i-aquaponics nezici zayo.