Zombili izilwane nezitshalo zihlobana ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kungaba ngokwesibonelo ngokusebenzelana, ukulwela izinzuzo ezifanayo, noma ukwaba izinsizakusebenza ngaphandle kokulimaza noma yiliphi iqembu.
Enye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukuhlangana kwezinto eziphilayo okwenzekayo yi- commensalism. Futhi, yize ekuqaleni kunzima ukukukholelwa, kwenzeka kakhulu eMbusweni Wezitshalo.
Kuyini inkululeko?
Ubuzwe kubudlelwano begazi lapho elinye lamaqembu lithola inzuzo ethile, kanti elinye alilimazi kepha nalo alizuzi. Leli gama livela esiLatini i-cum mes, okusho ukuthi 'ukwabelana ngetafula', noma njengoba sizobona, lokhu akuhlali kunjalo. Isibonelo esisobala ngamanqe, izilwane eziphila ngezicucu ezishiywe yizilwane ezidla ezinye, njengezingonyama.
Ukuhlala emvelweni kufanele uphumelele ukuya phambili, futhi kukhona ifayela le- umthetho ayinakunyakaziswa okwenza kube njalo: the umthetho okuqine kakhulu. Kuphela labo abanamandla okujwayela imvelo ngokushesha kunabanye abasindayo. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo esisanda kumila kufanele sikhule ngokushesha okukhulu uma singafuni izilwane ezidla imifino noma ama-microorganisms (isikhunta, amabhaktheriya, amagciwane) ukusibulala.
Ukugwema ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi sabo, baningi abazuzayo kwabanye ngaphandle kokubalimaza.
Izinhlobo zenguquko
Ngaphandle kohlobo esikutshele ngalo, kukhona ezinye ezintathu ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukuzazi:
- I-Foresis: kwenzeka lapho isidalwa sisebenzisa esinye ukuzithutha. Lokhu ezitshalweni akubonakali, futhi akuhlukaniswa, ngoba baphila ngesilinganiso sesikhathi esihlukile kwesethu.
- Ukuqashwa: kwenzeka lapho omunye wababili ephethwe kwenye. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezitshalweni ze-epiphytic, njengama-bromeliads amaningi noma ama-orchid, asebenzisa izihlahla njengekhaya.
- I-Metabiosis noma i-thanatocresis: kulapho elinye lamaqembu lisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izinsalela (indle, amathambo, izidumbu) zenye. Isibonelo, emhlabeni wezilwane ubona okuningi phakathi kwenkalankala, lapho besizakala ngegobolondo elingenalutho lomnenke. Ku-Plant Kingdom kubuye kujwayelekile: lapho isitshalo sife ngokwemvelo, izinambuzane kanye nezilwanyana ezincane zidla engxenyeni esevele ifile.
Izibonelo zokubusa kwezitshalo ezitshalweni
I-Commensalism ubudlelwano, ekuqaleni, obungahle bungafani neze nezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, futhi njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, kuyinto ejwayelekile impela. Ubufakazi balokhu yibo esizokutshela ngezansi:
Ama-orchids
Kunama-orchid amaningi akhula emagatsheni ezihlahla, njengePhalaenopsis noma iDendrobium. Imbewu yayo incane futhi ilula kangangoba umoya uyihambisa kalula emagatsheni aphakeme kakhulu, ukwazi ukuhluma ngaphandle kwezinkinga lapho. Lapho izimpande zokuqala ziphuma, ama-orchid ayaqina futhi aqine, abambelele kahle esihlahleni esiwasekelayo., kodwa ngaphandle kokukuphazamisa.
Ama-Carnivores (izinambuzane - izitshalo)
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Pouzin Olivier
Ama-carnivores yizitshalo ezikhetheke kakhulu: zikhula ezindaweni lapho zithola khona izakhamzimba ezimbalwa kangangoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zenze izicupho ezandayo. Lezi zingibe zingaba ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: eziyizigaxa, ezinamazinyo amakhulu, ezinezikhwama ezincane ezimunca noma yisiphi isisulu esincanyana ... I-Sarracenia purpurea.
Ama-invertebrate amathathu ahlala ezingibeni zawo (Wyeomyia smithii, I-Metriocnemus eyinkimbinkimbi y Kuzoba nebroshi elibomvana) ezondla inyamazane ewela ezimbizeni zesitshalo. Ngemuva kwalokho i- S.purpurea ingagaya izinsalela ezixoshwe yilezi zilwane ezintathu.
Izitshalo ezikhuphukayo
Izitshalo ezikhuphukayo, njengama-potos noma i- clematis, Yizitshalo ezithembele kwabanye ukuthola ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe. Zivame ukuhluma ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, ngakho-ke kufanele zikhule eziqwini zezihlahla ukuze zithole ukukhanya. Uma sebeyitholile, kulapho-ke lapho bekhula ngamandla amakhulu.
Izitshalo ezifile noma ezibolayo
Zonke izitshalo ziyingxenye yomjikelezo wemvelo. Iyamila, ikhule, ikhule, iqhume, inikeze imbewu (noma izinhlamvu, njengama-ferns), ubudala, futhi ekugcineni ife. Kepha njengokubola kwawo, izimbali, izithelo, njll. baba ukudla kwamanye amagciwane: isikhunta se-saprophytic. Laba yibo abaphethe ukugaya.
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