Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lwesitshalo semifino esivame ukuvela minyaka yonke futhi esingathinta izitshalo. Kuvamile ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile futhi kuvame ukuba kuningi kakhulu entwasahlobo. Imayelana ne- dodder. Yisitshalo esinezici ezahlukahlukene zokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha uma kukhulunywa ngokusebenzisana nezilimo esidla kuzo izimuncagazi ezithile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nedodder nokuthi kufanele uyiqede kanjani.
Izici eziyinhloko
Yisitshalo esingabonakala kalula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwakha uhlobo lwe-tangle eneziqu ezincane ezinombala osawolintshi, ophuzi futhi obomvu. Lezi zinhlanga zigobile esitshalweni ezisikhubaza. Inamaqabunga osayizi omncane kakhulu futhi inenani eliphansi le-chlorophyll. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abakwazi ukuzithwebula ngempumelelo ngokwabo. Banokuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-chlorophyll lapho bebancane. Bavele bayisebenzise ukuze ikwazi ukuhluma futhi ikhiqize impande yosayizi omncane bese iyanyamalala.
Njengoba ingeke yakhombisa ifotosynthesize yodwa, incike kwesinye isitshalo ukuze isondleke futhi iphile. Ngakho-ke, kubhekwa njengesitshalo se-parasitic. Imvamisa, lapho kufakwa esinye isitshalo, idodo lijoyina zonke izakhiwo ezaziwa njenge-haustoria. Lezi zakhiwo ziyayisiza ukuthi ifakwe ohlelweni lwemithambo yegazi lwesitshalo oluzibandayo. Lezi zinhlaka ezifanayo ziyabasiza nokuthi bathole izakhamzimba abazidingayo ukuze baqhubeke nokuthuthuka futhi baphile emvelweni.
Uma siyihlaziya ngokubuka kwezolimo kanye nengadi, siyabona ukuthi idodder luhlobo lwesitshalo olungadala izinkinga ezinkulu. Uma idokodo liqala ukonakalisa izilimo zethu, singabona ukwehla kwesivuno esikhiqizayo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sifunde ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwalesi sitshalo futhi siziqede ngokushesha okukhulu.
Umjikelezo wempilo kaDodder
Idodder akusona isitshalo esithile, uma kungenjalo uhlobo oluqukethe cishe izinhlobo eziyi-150. Okomndeni wakwaConvolvulaceae futhi banomndeni wabo ngezikhathi ezithile owaziwa ngokuthi yiCuscutaceae. Enye yezinhlobo eziningi kakhulu emasimini atshaliwe yiCuscuta campestris. Ingesinye sezinhlobo ezisatshalaliswa kakhulu futhi ezinolaka ezimelene nezitshalo eziyizinambuzane. Ukuhlonza kwayo kunzima kakhulu ngoba kuya ngezimpawu ze-inflorescence nembali yayo.
Lapho isitshalo sesimile, sikhiqiza impande emfushane kakhulu, evuvukile kanye nesiqu esincane. Lokho wukuthi, kukwazi ukukhula kuphela lapho kusencane ukwazi ukuphazamisa esinye isitshalo. Isithombo sikadodoli sithola isimo se-arc bese siqonda kancane bese sizungeza ngokuhamba okuphambene newashi. Ukuze kwenziwe lokhu kuzungeza, badinga ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukuze benze lokhu, badinga inani elincane le-chlorophyll abakhiqiza lapho besebancane. Lapho isitshalo sokubamba sitholakele, singakhula ngokujwayelekile nangezinga elisheshayo.
Isithombo sikadodder sivame ukuvela ekujuleni okuphakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-1-5. I-haustoria yizakhiwo ezimise okokukhomba ezisiza ukungena nokuxhuma nesistimu yemithambo yegazi yesitshalo. Isibonelo esisodwa kuphela salolu hlobo esingasabalala size sifinyelele kububanzi obungamamitha amathathu ngonyaka.
Ikhula ikakhulu ngamaqoqo ezimbali angaba mhlophe, abomvana futhi aphuzi. Bangakwazi ukukhiqiza ama-capsule aqukethe imbewu enombala onsundu ngokuthungwa okuhle. Ingxenye kuphela yabantu bale mbewu ihlume nyakenye. Inkinga ngembewu ukuthi abanye banenkinga enzima kakhulu futhi ayikwazi ukungena kukho kokubili oksijini namanzi. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ukuhluma kwabo kungenzeki.
Abanye, noma kunjalo, bangalahlekelwa ukubambezeleka kwabo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi bangangenwa umoya-mpilo namanzi. Le yindlela ekwazi ngayo ukuhluma ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezithandwa kakhulu yiyo.
Ungayiqeda kanjani idodder ezitshalweni zethu
Uma idodidi selingenile kwesinye isitshalo, le nkinga ingavuselelwa minyaka yonke isikhathi eside ezitshalweni zethu. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga ekusebenzeni kwezolimo. Inkinga enkulu ngalesi sitshalo esiyizinambuzane ukuthi lonke uhlobo lwayo lusatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Okungukuthi, ingalinganisa zombili ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinezimo zezulu ezinomswakama kakhulu, kanye nasezindaweni ezinesomiso kanye nezindawo ezinamazinga okushisa afudumele. Kusezingeni elipholile lapho izitshalo zihlaselwa kakhulu.
Isibonelo, i-India ingenye yezindawo lapho izinhlobo zikadwelwe we-reflex zivame ukuhlasela izihlahla nezihlahlana zokuhlobisa. Iphinde ivame ukuhlasela ezinye izitshalo ezinomuthi. Enye yezinhlobo ezithinteke kakhulu imifino ehlukahlukene kanye ne-alfalfa. Isivuno asinciphisi ikhwalithi yezitshalo kuphela, kepha siphazamisa nemishini yokuthuthuka kwezitshalo. Konke lokhu kwandisa izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo.
Ukuze uqede i-dodder, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulawula. Sizohlaziya ukuthi ziyini:
- Ukuvimbela: Ngenye yezindlela ezishibhile ezingasiza ukunciphisa ukutholakala kweCuscuta ezitshalweni. Njengoba ingasatshalaliswa isuka kwelinye ipulazi iye kwelinye ngokusebenzisa ukulima noma izitshalo ezivela ensimini egcwele, kuyathakazelisa ukufaka umquba ovela ezilwaneni ezidle utshani noma ifolishi engangcolisiwe yimbewu.
- Ukwelashwa ngamabala: imvaba ivame ukuvela emhlabeni futhi ibonakalise njengamachashazi angawodwa. Ingelashwa ngemithi yokubulala ukhula, ukusika noma ukushiswa. Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi lapho isitshalo singenabo ubudlelwane obuqondile nesitshalo esisingethe, asikwazi ukuziphilela sodwa.
- Ukwelashwa okugcwele kwensimu: uma sinesifo esivamile sezitshalo, kudingeka izindlela ezinolaka kakhulu. Izindlela zeSpot kumele zihlanganiswe ngenkathi kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali ukuze zikwazi ukusetha izinga ekulawuleni.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngedodder.