Njengoba sazi, ezolimo ziyisethi yamasu nezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukulima umhlaba ukuze kukhiqizwe ukudla. Lokhu kudla kunomsuka wesitshalo njengezithelo, imifino, imifino, okusanhlamvu, phakathi kokunye. Ukuthwala umhlaba sekuwubuciko kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezolimo ngokuya ngezici zazo namasu asetshenziswayo. Namuhla sizokhuluma nge ezolimo ezimakethe. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi lo mqondo uhlanganisa yonke imisebenzi yezomnotho efakwe emkhakheni oyinhloko, inzima kakhulu kunendlela ebukeka ngayo.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezolimo zemakethe kanye nezici zayo eziyinhloko.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezolimo
Konke okuhlanganiswa ezolimo kufaka phakathi izenzo ezenziwe ngabantu ezijwayele ukuguqula imvelo ezungezile. Inhloso enkulu ukukwazi ukuguqula inhlabathi ibe yinto efaneleke kangcono ukuze kutholakale umkhiqizo ongcono wokudla. Ingxenye yemikhiqizo yezolimo Kudliwa ngqo bese enye inikezwa imboni ukuthola ukudla okutholakeles. Ngalesi sizathu, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezolimo ziba umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu futhi oyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sokuthuthuka kanye nengcebo yamazwe.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezolimo zihlukaniswa ngokwala maphuzu alandelayo:
- Ukuncika kwamanzi emthonjeni ophakathi nendawo.
- Ubukhulu bokukhiqiza nobudlelwano obukhona nemakethe. Kusuka lapha kuvela ezolimo zemakethe.
- Izinjongo ezinazo ngokwenziwa nokusebenza kwezindlela zokukhiqiza. Lapho izinhloso zifuna kakhulu, ubuchwepheshe besimanje uzobudinga.
- Indlela yezinhloso elinywa ngayo.
Kuyini ezolimo zemakethe
Ezolimo ezimakethe yilezo ezabela umkhiqizo wazo ekuhwebeni kwamazwe omhlaba futhi ifuna ukwandisa ukuthengisa ngokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Singasho ukuthi bazama ukufinyelela khiqiza inani eliphakeme lokudla okungenzeka ukuthi likwazi ukukuyisa phesheya, kuncishiswe izindleko. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubhekela ekusebenziseni imishini. Kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yobuchwepheshe besimanje ukwenza ngcono imiphumela. Kuyaziwa nangegama lokwenza ngokukhethekile kwezitshalo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusheshiswa kokuthengiswa.
Ezolimo ezimakethe zihlose ukukwazi ukucubungula ukudla ngokukhetha ezokuthutha ezifanele ukwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Konke lokhu kudinga ukwenziwa kwemali ephezulu edinga ukutshalwa kwemali kokuqala okukhulu. Lolu hlobo lwezolimo lwenzeka emazweni athuthukile futhi luveza okwehlukile. Lokhu okulandelayo:
- Ezolimo zezimakethe zaseYurophu
- Amazwe amasha athengisa ezolimo njengoba kunjalo neCanada, Australia noma i-United States.
Kwamanye amazwe athuthukile kakhulu, azikho ezolimo zemakethe. Lapha kukhona uhlobo lomkhuba wezolimo ofika kwezolimo wezimakethe kula mazwe futhi obizwa ngokuthi ukutshalwa kwezolimo. Lokhu kutshalwa kwezitshalo kwenzeka ikakhulukazi emazweni angathuthuki kahle njengeBrazil, Southeast Asia, iGulf of Guinea neCentral America.
Uhlu lwezolimo lwezimakethe nezindlela zalo
Ubudlelwano obukhona kwezolimo emakethe ngokuya ngezidingo zamazwe omhlaba busondele impela. Lokho wukuthi, ngokuya ngesidingo sokudla nokukhiqizwa kwaso, kuzoba neziqeshana eziningana ngaphakathi kwezolimo zemakethe. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.
ukulima ukuziphilisa
Kuyindlela yokulima lapho ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwanele ukondla umndeni wonke nabantu abasebenze kuwo. Luhlobo lwezolimo olususelwa kwezolimo olufuna ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zalabo abasebenza ezitshalweni kanye nemindeni yabo. Njengoba igama layo likhombisa, kungukulima ukuze uphile kulokhu kudla.
Ukugxila kwayo okukhulu ukusinda nokuzisebenzisa. Ngale ndlela, abaxhomeki kuma-ejenti angaphandle angenisa izinto zokusetshenziswa. Kuyaqabukela kwenzeka ukuthi okusalayo okukhiqizayo kusetshenziselwe ukuthengiswa, kepha kunalokho kusetshenziselwa ukugcina ukuze kusetshenziswe kamuva. Indlela yokwenza lolu hlobo lwezolimo iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zalolu hlobo lwezolimo ukuthi abalimi bangazilimela ukudla kwabo ukondla imindeni yabo ngaphandle kwesidingo sanoma ngubani.
Izinga lokulima ukuziphilisa okwenzeka liyehluka kuye ngezwe ngaphakathi komkhawulo wezomnotho wezinguquko. Okugqamile ngukuthi le nhlobo yezolimo yezimakethe ikhona emhlabeni wonke.
Ezolimo zezimboni noma ezolimo
Ezolimo ezimakethe uqobo zibizwa nangokuthi ezolimo ezimbonini. Futhi ngukuthi ukugxila kwayo okuyinhloko ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwemikhiqizo eyenzelwe ukwanelisa isidingo sabantu. Lolu hlobo lwezolimo lunezinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe, ngakho-ke ludinga ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nokutshalwa kwemali njengokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Lolu hlobo lwezolimo ludinga ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo okuthuthuke ngokuphelele. Yilapho lapho kusetshenziswa izindlela ezithuthukisiwe nezanamuhla zokulima, imfuyo, izinyoni ngisho nezinhlanzi. Lolu hlobo lwezolimo luya ngokuya lusabalala emhlabeni wonke. Iyanda kakhulu emazweni athuthukile nathuthukayo.
Umkhuba omkhulu ukuqondisa ukusebenza kwezolimo nemfuyo ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo othize okhiqiza uhlobo olulodwa. Le ndlela inzuzo etholakala ngokwengeziwe ngokunciphisa izindleko zibe ubuncane.
Lapha ungabona izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezolimo ngokuya ngesimo somhlaba kanye namandla amakhulu wabatshalizimali. Ezolimo ezinzulu kanye nezolimo ezibanzi. Njengasendleleni yakudala, sinolimo olunzulu olusebenzisa umhlaba ukukhiqiza kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane ngokusebenzisa umanyolo, ukubulala ukhula kanye nokubulala izinambuzane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezolimo ezibanzi zisebenzisa kangcono imijikelezo yemvelo yezitshalo nokubhekana nezidingo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezolimo zemakethe kanye nezici zalo.