Ezolimo yinto ebaluleke kunazo zonke abantu abanayo, ngoba ingxenye enhle yokudla esikudlayo kufanele kulinywe kuqala, futhi leyo yinto esiyenza ezingadini zezithelo, ezindaweni zokukhiqiza nasezindlini. Kodwa-ke, futhi kungaba yisitha sethu esikhulu, ngoba okungenani u-16% wemiphumela engcolisayo efinyelela emkhathini ivela ngqo kumanyolo ngokusho I-FAO (Inhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe).
Kepha kukhona esingakwenza ukuze sondleke kahle ngaphandle kokungcolisa imvelo? Impendulo ilula njengoba icacile: yebo. Isibonelo, ukwenza lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yi- ezolimo ezisimeme, esizokutshela konke ngezansi.
Kuyini ukulima okusimeme?
Njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, luhlobo lwezolimo lelo ithuthukiswa ngendlela esimeme; okungukuthi, ukwanelisa izidingo abantu abanazo zokuthola ukudla besebenzisa izinsiza ngendlela ehloniphekile futhi elawulwayo zazo esinazo ukuze nezizukulwane ezizayo zikwazi ukuzilimela ukudla kwazo.
Leli gama laqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-1907, lapho uFranklin H. King, ekhuluma ngobuhle balolu hlobo lwezolimo encwadini yakhe ethi Farmers of Forty Centuries, lapho futhi axwayisa khona ukuthi imikhuba enjalo izoba yisisekelo kwezolimo esikhathini esizayo. Kamuva yahlanganiswa isazi sezolimo namahlathi sase-Australia uGordon McClymont, kepha asizange sibambeke kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980.
Kakade ngekhulu lama-XNUMX, izingqungquthela zaqala ukubanjwa lapho bakhuluma khona ngezici, izinzuzo nokuthi zenziwa kanjani.
Ziyini izinhloso zezolimo ezisimeme?
Izinhloso zalo kungashiwo ukuthi zilula empeleni, yize kukhulunywa ngokuzisebenzisa, futhi kucatshangelwa nezimo zamanje lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kuyiqiniso elenzeka kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nzima kuzuzwe. Bangokulandelayo:
- Sanelisa izidingo zabantu zokudla.
- Yenza ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsizakusebenza ezingavuseleleki, kanye nalezo ezitholakala ezingadini zezithelo nasemapulazini, ngokuhlonipha imijikelezo yemvelo yendawo.
- Thuthukisa izinga lempilo yabalimi nomphakathi wonkana, uvikele ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile komhlaba.
- Sebenzisa ulwazi lwabalimi ukuze basebenze umhlaba ngokukhiqiza ngokwengeziwe, kanye nokukhuthaza ukwaneliseka kwabo.
- Xazulula izinkinga ezingase ziphakame, isibonelo ukunisela noma ukulawula izinambuzane, ngokubambisana nokubambisana kwabantu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezolimo ezisimeme ezikhona?
Yize babelana ngezici, ezolimo ezisimeme zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine noma amamodeli:
Ezolimo zemvelo
Ukulima ngokwemvelo kuwumkhuba lapho, cishe, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali kuyagwenywa, kokubili ukuvundisa nokwelapha izinambuzane eziyizitshalo. Ukushintshaniswa kwezitshalo kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba, kanye nomnikelo wama-organic fertilizer.
Ezolimo zeBiodynamic
Ezolimo zeBiodynamic, Ngaphezu kokuhlonipha nokusizakala ngemithombo yemvelo yendawo ngayinye, kubheka nobudlelwano bamandla phakathi kwazo zonke izinto (inhlabathi, izakhi zomzimba, izilwane ezincane) nendawo yonke. Lapho kukhula izitshalo, kusetshenziswa izinhlanganisela ezincike kuzo zombili izithako zezilwane nezitshalo, kucatshangelwa amathonya wendawo yonke.
Kumele kushiwo ukuthi kuyingxenye ye-anthroposophy, okungukuthi, ifilosofi engokomoya eyakhiwa phakathi kwekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX. Namuhla kuvame ukufakwa kwezolimo eziphilayo.
Ukuphuculwa kwemvelo
I-Permaculture wuhlobo lwezolimo olusimeme inhloso yalo enkulu ukwazi ukutshala izitshalo unyaka wonke, kepha uhlale uhlonipha imvelo yendawo futhi ungasebenzisi okungaphezu kwalokho okudingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, labo abakwenzayo bangafunda okuningi emaphutheni enziwe, noma benze imikhuba - emvelweni, siyaphikelela - ebhekwa njengelusizo.
Ukukhiqizwa okuhlanganisiwe
Ezolimo ezihlanganisiwe zokukhiqiza ziwuhlobo olukhethekile ngokukhethekile lwezolimo olusimeme. Kususelwa ekunakekeleni izitshalo ngemikhiqizo ephilayo, kepha futhi kuvumela ukusetshenziswa komanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ezimweni ezithile (lapha ungabona ukuthi ziyini).
Ungaba kanjani nezolimo esimeme engadini?
Uma ufuna ukuqala ukutshala ukudla kwakho ngokuzinzile, ungakwenza lokhu:
Khulisa izitshalo ezingamelana nesimo sezulu sakho
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Ferran Pestaña waseBarcelona, eSpain
Ngokufanelekile, kufanele kube ezomdabu, kepha uma kuziwa ezitshalweni ezidliwayo ngabantu, akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola izinhlobo eziqondene ngqo nezwe ohlala kulo. Ngakho-ke, lapho kungekho noma kungatholakali, kufanele ubheke labo abakwaziyo ukuhlala kahle endaweni yangakini.
Zalisa izitshalo zakho ngemikhiqizo yemvelaphi ephilayo
Umanyolo yimikhiqizo yamakhemikhali okuthi, yize ingaba wusizo olukhulu, lapho kunconywa izitshalo ezidliwayo kuyanconywa ungazisebenzisi. Ngakho-ke ungangabazi ukuwafaka umquba wesilwane odla utshani, i-guano, ukusakazwa kwesibungu, isembozo semifino, umquba noma abanye. ukuze umhlaba ube muhle kakhulu ezitshalweni zakho.
Lawula izinambuzane ngemikhiqizo ephilayo
Izinambuzane zingadala ikhanda elingaphezu kwelilodwa. Ungabagwema kanjani? Ukwenza lokhu, izitshalo kumele ziniselwe kahle futhi zivundiswe, kepha futhi Kungakuhle ukwelashwa ngokuvikela izinambuzane. Isibonelo, ukubeka ukukopela, njengalezo ze-chromatic eziheha ama-aphid noma izimpukane ezimhlophe phakathi kwabanye, noma zibaphathe ngamafutha okubulala izinambuzane ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Qoqa amanzi emvula
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uhlala endaweni lapho kuna imvula encane, noma lapho ingahamba khona izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphandle kwemvula. Amanzi emvula ahlanzekile, angangcolisiwe angcono kakhulu ezitshalweni, ngakho-ke unganqikazi ukuba namabhakede ngaphandle ukuwalanda; Futhi uma unomthombo noma umthombo, wushiye uvulekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungayigcina emabhodleleni noma kuma-carafes.
Bamba imisele yamanzi ukuze unisele izitshalo kahle
Hhayi nje ukuniselwa, kepha futhi ukuze ugcine amanzi. Engadini, imisele ibaluleke kakhulu, inqobo nje uma imbiwe eceleni kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umhlaba wakho uthambekele ekukhukhulekeni, ungawenza ngendlela yokuthi amanzi aqondiswe endaweni ethile, ngokwesibonelo, ezitshalweni ezifuna amanzi amaningi. Lokhu ngeke kulungise inkinga (yalokhu, kufanele ube nesistimu ethile yokuhambisa amanzi), kepha kuzokusiza ukuthi ungakhathazeki ngokunisela noma ngezitshalo, okungenani hhayi kakhulu 😉.
Zungezisa izitshalo
Ukujikeleza kwezitshalo kuwumkhuba othakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba kukhona izitshalo ezimunca inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba, kepha kukhona ezinye ezenza okuphambene nalokho: ziyazilungisa. Kunjalo ngemidumba, elungisa i-nitrogen enhlabathini.
Isitshalo se-Windbreak hedges
Kungaba izihlahlana noma izihlahla, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili, uma endaweni yakho umoya uvama ukuvunguza njalo kanye / noma ngamandla, izitshalo zakho zizozuza kakhulu uthango ukuvikela bona. Futhi ukuthi umoya womisa umhlaba, into ezokwenza ukuthi usebenzise amanzi amaningi ngokunisela ngaphezulu, futhi futhi kungalimaza izitshalo uqobo. Ukukugwema, Kuyathakazelisa ukuba nothango lwalesi sitayela, isibonelo i-laurel, i-pitosporo, noma i-viburnum.
Ngabe ukuthole kuthakazelisa? 🙂