Uma ufuna ukuba nesitshalo esikwamukela enkathini emibalabala kakhulu yonyaka, intwasahlobo, i-gladioli ingenye yezinconywa kakhulu. Abomdabu baseNingizimu Afrika, bakhiqiza izimbali ngamaqoqo okuthi zijabule kakhulu futhi zinemibala engasetshenziswa ukuhlobisa noma yiliphi ikhona.
Uma uthanda izitshalo ezinde ezinama-bulbous, ama-gladioli nakanjani azokujabulela.
Anjani ama-gladioli?
Abalingisi bethu abakhulu ziyizitshalo ezingapheli nezibabayo odabuka esifundeni saseMedithera, e-Asia, e-tropical Africa naseNingizimu Afrika. Umhlobo lo, i-Gladiolus, wakhiwe mikhakhawo engaba ma-250, kuthi i-163 yayo idabuka eningizimu ye-Afrika, ezili-10 zivela eYurophu nase-Asia, eziyi-9 zivela eMadagascar kanti ezinye zivela ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika. Kulezi zinhlobo kufanele futhi sengeze ama-cultivars amaningi adaliwe eminyakeni edlule, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi sikhuluma ngezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1000 ze-gladioli, phakathi kwemvelo nokwenziwe ngabantu ngokuvundisa impova.
Lezi zitshalo Zingafinyelela ubude obuphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kumitha elilodwa nohhafu, ngamaqabunga aluhlaza aqhamuka esithweni esingaphansi komhlaba esibizwa nge-corm. Izimbali zihlelwe ngama-inflorescence futhi ziyi-zygomorphic, ngaphezu kwama-hermaphrodites futhi anemibala ehluke kakhulu: ophuzi, owolintshi, obomvu, opinki, o-bi noma onemibala ehlukahlukene. Izithelo ziyi-3 capsule capsule eyomile.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, isiqu sezimbali, izimbali kanye namaqabunga kuyoma, kushiya izithelo kuphela uma sikhiqizile, kanye ne-corm, ezogcina isitshalo siphila ngenxa yezakhamzimba izimpande zaso ebezimunca ngesikhathi semifino , okungukuthi, lokukhula.
Izinhlobo zeGladioli
Okudume kakhulu yile:
IGladiolus communis
Isithombe - Wikimedia / SABENCIA Guillermo César Ruiz
Kuyisilwane esidabuka eNyakatho Afrika, e-Western Asia naseningizimu yeYurophu esifinyelela kubude obufinyelela kumitha elilodwa. Ikhiqiza izimbali ezinhle, ezibomvana.
IGladiolus italicus
Isithombe - Wikimedia / H. Zell
Kukholakala ukuthi ungowokuzalwa e-Eurasia, yize kwenye indawo kuwukhula oluvamile. Ikhula ize ifike kumitha ukuphakama, nge izimbali ezibomvana.
UGladiolus murielae
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Yuriy75
Yisitshalo esidabuka eMpumalanga Afrika esifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-70 kuya kwayi-100. Ikhiqiza izimbali ezimhlophe inkanyezi emise.
Izinhlobo zama-gladiolus cultivars
Ukuwahlukanisa, izinhlobo ezine zamaqembu e-hybrid zenziwe:
- Imbali enkulu: ziyizitshalo ezilingana kahle, ziphakathi kuka-90 no-150cm, nezimbali ezingunxantathu ububanzi obungu-6 kuye ku-18cm. Ngokulandelayo, lezo ezinezimbali ezinkulu ziyahlukaniswa, okuyilezo ezikala ngaphezu kuka-14cm ububanzi, nezincane, ezinezimbali ezingaphansi kuka-6cm.
- I-Primulinus: yizitshalo ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi kuka-45 no-90cm ukuphakama, ngezinhlanga zezimbali ezakhiwe izimbali ezingafika kwezingu-20, ezilinganisa ubukhulu obungu-8cm.
- Butterfly noma nanus: yizitshalo ezikala phakathi kuka-60 no-90cm ukuphakama, zinezimbali ezincane ezi-4 kuye ku-8cm.
- Izinhlobo zasendleAma-clones akhethwe ngqo ezinhlotsheni zemvelo ahlelwe lapha.
Ingabe ikhona i-gladiolus emhlophe?
Kunjalo. Angama-inflorescence amahle amele ubumsulwa bomuntu nobumsulwa. Ziphelele njengezipho zezingane, noma othandekayo okhethekile.
Yikuphi ukunakekelwa abakudingayo?
IGladioli yizitshalo ezingafuneki nhlobo. Zingakhula zombili ebhodweni nasensimini, inqobo nje uma zisembukisweni obalele. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqiza inani elihle lezimbali, sincoma ukuthi ulandele lezi zeluleko:
Indawo
Ukuze sikwazi ukukhula nokuchuma idinga ukuvezwa yilanga eliqondile, ngokufanele usuku lonke. Azivumelani nezindawo ezinamthunzi omncane.
Ukunisela
Imvamisa yokunisela kufanele kube njalo, kepha ukugwema ukuminyana kwamanzi. Kuhle ukuhlola umswakama wenhlabathi noma we-substrate ngaphambi kokuchelela, njengokufaka induku encane yokhuni kuze kufike ezansi ukubona ukuthi inhlabathi inamathele kangakanani kuyo (uma iphume ihlanzekile impela, kuzodingeka ukubanisela) noma ukusebenzisa imitha yomswakama edijithali.
Amanzi okunisela kufanele abe nemvula noma i-lime engenawo umcako. Uma ungakwazi ukuyithola, ungagcwalisa ibhakede ngamanzi, lihlale ubusuku bonke bese usebenzisa elisesigabeni esiphezulu sesitsha ngosuku olulandelayo, okuyilona elizoba nenani elincane kakhulu lezinsimbi ezisindayo.
Uma unepuleti ngaphansi kwazo, kufanele ususe amanzi asele ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyishumi emva kokuchelela.
Inhlabathi noma i-substrate
UGladioli azifunisi ngenkani inqobo nje uma umhlaba abakhulela kuwo muhle amanzi. Uma uzoba nazo ebhodweni, kungakuhle kakhulu ukuthi uhlanganise indawo ekhulayo yendawo yonke ne-perlite ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo, futhi ubeke ungqimba wokuqala arlite enwetshiwe ukuze amanzi amaningi aphume ngokushesha. Ngale ndlela, izimpande ngeke zixhumane noketshezi isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ngeke kube nengozi yokubola noma isikhunta sivele.
Umbhalisile
Phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokuqhakaza kufanele ifakelwe umanyolo othize wezitshalo ezinama-bulbous. ozokuthola ukuthengiswa ezindaweni zokugcina izitolo nasezitolo zensimu.
Isikhathi sokutshala
Noma ngabe ufuna ukuba nabo ebhodweni noma engadini, kufanele utshale ama ama ngasekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
I-gladioli itshalwa kanjani?
Ukuze bachume kufanele utshale isibani ingxenye encane ibheke phezulu, ngoba isisekelo sengxenye ebanzi yilapho izimpande zizohluma khona. Lapho usukwazi lokhu, kufanele uyingcwabe ekujuleni okuphindwe kabili kunalokho elikukalayo kusukela esisekelweni kuya kuchopho. Ngakho-ke, uma ngokwesibonelo icishe ibe ngu-2cm ukuphakama, kuzofanele uyingcwabe ingeqi ku-4cm.
Kufanele ushiye ibanga lamasentimitha ayi-10 phakathi kwemigqa, namasentimitha ama-5 phakathi kwama-bulb. Uma kwenzeka, banikeze ukuchelela okuhle.
Izihlahla
Akuyona imikhosi. Kuzokwanela ukususa ama-inflorescence abunile kubo.
Izinhlupho nezifo
Izinambuzane
- Izintwala: yizinambuzane ezincane kakhulu, ezingaphansi kuka-0,5cm ubude. Zingaba luhlaza, zibe nsundu noma ziphuzi. Zondla ngotshani lwamaqabunga futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, izimbali. Alwa namaChlorpyrifos.
- Uhambo: zinambuzane ezimnyama ezimunca ezifana nezindlebe, kepha nge-mini version. Ziphila ngokudla okusanhlamvu samaqabunga nezimbali. Ingasuswa nge-Dimethoate.
Izifo
- I-Botrytis: kuyikhunta esithinta ikakhulukazi ekupheleni kwenkathi yemifino ye-gladioli. Kubangela uhlobo lwempuphu empunga ukuthi luvele emaqabungeni. Ezimweni ezinzima, i-corm ingabola. Ingelashwa ngokuthulisa umhlabathi ngeProcimidone noma iTiram.
- I-Curvularia gladioli: kuthinta ama-corms, angama-necrotic. Iphathwa ngokufana neBotrytis.
- I-Stromatiniosis: yisifo esizibonakalisa emaqabungeni, aphenduke abe phuzi njengesisekelo seziqu ezibolayo. Kungavinjelwa futhi kuphathwe ngendlela efanayo neBotrytis.
- I-Fusariosis: kuyisikhunta esithinta zonke izingxenye ze-gladioli. Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, awakhiqizi izimbali eziningi, futhi ama-corms abola. Ingelashwa ngendlela efanayo neBotrytis.
- Roya- Amabala ayisiyingi abomvu noma awolintshi avela emaqabungeni entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ingelashwa nge-Triforin 19%, ngomthamo ongu-0,10%.
- I-VirosisKunama-virus afinyelela eshumini nanhlanu angathinta lezi zitshalo, kodwa kukhona okubili okubaluleke kakhulu: i-yellow bean mosaic virus (noma i-BYMV) kanye ne-cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Isifinyezo sayo esiNgisini). Uphawu oluvame kakhulu ukushintsha kombala kwamaqabunga nezimbali. Ngeshwa, alukho umuthi osebenzayo, kepha ungavinjelwa ngokugcina izitshalo zivundile futhi zinisela kahle.
Ukuphindaphinda
Ama-Corms angahlukaniswa ekwindla noma entwasahlobo. Zihlukaniswe ne-corm enkulu futhi zitshalwe kwamanye amabhodwe ane-substrate ekhulayo exutshwe ne-perlite ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo, noma kwamanye amakhona engadi.
Zisetshenziselwani?
IGladiolus yizitshalo ezinenani eliphakeme lokuhlobisa, ngakho-ke zitshalwa zombili ezimbizeni nasemasimini ukukhanyisa amakhona anelanga phakathi nehlobo. Futhi, izimbali zingasetshenziswa njengembali esikiwe.
Ungathenga kuphi i-gladioli?
Ungabathola kusuka lapha:
Ucabangani? 🙂