Izitshalo ze-genus Helianthus Zingezinye zalezo ezidinga kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze zikhule kahle. Igama layo selivele liyasikhombisa ngoba livela ku- Helio, igama lesiGreki elisho iSun. Izinhlobo eziningi zilinywa ezingadini, kanye nokuhlobisa amabhalkhoni namathala, kepha kukhona okunye futhi okunokusetshenziswa okuphekwayo.
Ukukhula kuyashesha impela, futhi lokhu kunesizathu sokuba khona: kuguquke ukuze kuthi, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje, ziqhume, zikhule, ziqhakaze futhi ekugcineni zikhiqize imbewu. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-Helianthus ezenziwa minyaka yonke, ngenkathi ezinye zikhona kodwa zihlala 'zilele' ekwindla-ebusika.
Umsuka nezici ze-Heliathus
Uhlobo lwe-Helianthus lwakhiwe cishe ngezinhlobo ezingama-53 ezivela eMelika, eRussia, naseNtshonalanga Australia. Yimifino yaminyaka yonke noma engapheli efinyelela ubude obuphakathi kwemitha elilodwa kuya kwayi-1, noma kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ezikhula kuze kube ngamasentimitha angama-50-60 kuphela. Iziqu zivame ukukhula ziqonde, yize zingahle ziye ngokuya ngohlobo lwazo. Amaqabunga ayisisekelo futhi anokunye ukuhlelwa noma okuphambene. Ngokufanayo, bangaba noma bangabi nayo i-petiole (isiqu esihlanganisa amaqabunga nesiqu), futhi sibe nombala oluhlaza okotshani.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esikubiza ngokuthi yimbali empeleni i-inflorescence eyakhiwe izimbali eziningi ezincane ezakha isahluko esiyindilinga. Ama-bracts (abizwa ngokusobala ngokuthi amacembe) anombala ophuzi, obomvu noma owolintshi kuye ngohlobo lwawo. Njengoba zingama-hermaphrodites, zingakhiqiza imbewu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvotela impova. Izithelo zomisiwe, futhi ziqukethe imbewu engahlukaniswa kalula negobolondo (njengembewu ye-sunflower) eyaziwa ngegama lobuchwepheshe i-achene.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zikabhekilanga noma i-Helianthus, bheka:
U-Helianthus unyaka
Kuyinto ubhekilanga, yize ithola amanye amagama afana ne-marigold, mirasol, i-tile corn noma i-shield flower. Kungumuthi waminyaka yonke otshalwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, okuyi ingafinyelela ubude obufinyelela kumamitha amathathu ngeziqu ezimile. Ama-inflorescence nawo makhulu, alinganiselwa kumasentimitha angama-30 ububanzi. Izithelo zawo ngamapayipi, aqeda ukuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
Sebenzisa
Ngaphezu kokuba isitshalo esithandwa kakhulu ezingadini nasemasimini, okunye ukusetshenziswa okusetshenziswa kakhulu ukupheka. Amapayipi adliwa njengokudla okulula, kepha kukhishwa uwoyela kuwo osetshenziselwa ukupheka: uwoyela we-sunflower. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziqu ziqukethe i-fiber, ewusizo ekwenzeni iphepha, futhi inganikezwa imfuyo njengokudla.
I-Helianthus laetiflorus
Isithombe - Wikimedia / SB_Johnny
Empeleni, igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Helianthus x laetiflorus, ngoba iyi-hybrid yemvelo phakathi I-Helianthus pauciflorus y IHelianthus tuberosus. Kuyisitshalo se-herbaceous esingapheli esifinyelela ubude obufinyelela kumamitha amabili. Ikhiqiza izimbali eziqoqwe ngama-inflorescence aphuzi, ezilinganisa amasentimitha ayi-2-10 ububanzi.
Helianthus maximiliani
Isithombe - Wikimedia / USFWS Mountain-Prairie
Kuyaziwa njenge-sunflower enkulu, futhi kuyimifino engapheli leyo ifinyelela ubude obuphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-50 kuye kumamitha amathathu. Iziqu zimile, futhi amaqabunga e-lanceolate aqhuma kuzo, kanye ne-inflorescence 2-4 amasentimitha ububanzi ane-bract ophuzi.
Sebenzisa
Izimpande ezijiyile zingadliwa njengemifino, isibonelo kumasaladi. Esinye isitshalo ukudla okuhle kwemfuyo.
I-Helianthus multiflorus
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Dinesh Valke
El I-Helianthus x multiflorus umuthi waminyaka yonke odalwa ukushintshana kukabhekilanga ovamile (U-Helianthus unyaka) wahlupheka phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Ngakho-ke umuthi womjikelezo waminyaka yonke, kepha ubude obufushane (imvamisa abukho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-100) futhi unenqwaba yamacembe okuphuzi.
I-Helianthus pauciflorus
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Matt Lavin
Kuyimifino engapheli ye-rhizomatous ukuthi ifinyelela ukuphakama okungafika kumamitha amabili. Iziqu zimile, zombala obomvu ogqamile, futhi izimbali zazo eziphuzi ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence afinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-7 ububanzi. Lezi zihluma ekupheleni kwehlobo, ngakho-ke kuyathakazelisa ukuzikhulisa zihlangene nojongilanga, ngoba lapho zibuna, usengazijabulela izimbali zelanga. H. pauciflorus.
I-Helianthus petiolaris
Isithombe - Flickr / Crop Izihlobo Zasendle
Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-sunflower encane noma i-sunflower, iyimifino yonyaka leyo ifinyelela ekuphakameni okungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-120. Isiqu simile, futhi siluhlaza. Kuyo kuhluma amaqabunga e-lanceolate aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nezimbali eziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence aphuzi alinganisa cishe amasentimitha ayi-7-8 ububanzi.
IHelianthus tuberosus
El IHelianthus tuberosus, eyaziwa ngokuthi iJerusalem artichoke, Jerusalem artichoke noma ubhekilanga waseCanada, isitshalo esingapheli ikhula phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-50 namamitha amabili ukuphakama. Izimbali zihlangana kuma-inflorescence, futhi ziphuzi. Izimpande zawo ziyizilimo eziyizigaxa ezingafika kumasentimitha ayi-10 ubude ngamasentimitha ayi-3-5 ubukhulu.
Sebenzisa
Ishubhu isetshenziswa kakhulu ekhishini njengemifino, njengoba icebile kakhulu emanzini, kanye nakumaprotheni nemicu. Iphinde isebenze njengokudla kwezilwane ezidla imifino.
Yiziphi kulezi zinhlobo ze-Helianthus oyithande kakhulu?