Hibiscus

I-Los i-hibiscus, Ngubani ongazazi? Izihlahlana ezinezimbali ezingakwenza uphuphe ... ziyamangalisa! Ngamacembe amakhulu, nemibala ehluke kakhulu, kukhona izinhlobo ezandayo. Futhi ngukuthi, yizitshalo ezibonga kakhulu ezingakwazi ukuqhakaza unyaka wonke ezindaweni ezifudumele, noma kuze kube ekwindla ezindaweni ezipholile. Zithandwa kakhulu ezingadini lapho singazithola zinqamula izindlela, noma zitshalwe ngamaqembu wababili noma abathathu ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zendawo, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheke ukuqhuma kombala cishe unyaka wonke.

Kwabaningi, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu abanakho ukuthi izimbali zabo zihlala kancane: izinsuku ezi-1-2. Kodwa lezi zitshalo zikhiqiza eziningi zazo kangangokuba iqiniso lokuthi zigcinwa zivulekile isikhathi esifushane kangaka akusabalulekile.

Yini i-hibiscus?

IHibiscus wuhlobo lwezihlahlana noma izihlahla ezincane okuchazwe ngazo izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-150. Zonke zizalwa ezifundeni ezishisayo, ikakhulukazi eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ukuphakama kwayo kuyahluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-50 kuye kumamitha ayi-4-5, futhi anamaqabunga amanye, i-ovate noma i-lanceolate, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi anomkhawulo ohlanganisiwe.

Izimbali zayo ngokuvamile zinkulu; empeleni, amanye angaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-15 ububanzi. Zodwa, zivutha, futhi zivela zodwa noma ngamaqembu. Ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka, ikakhulukazi i-cultivar, zingaba nomqhele wamacembe noma amabili. Ngokuqondene nombala, nawo uyahlukahluka kakhulu: kunezimbali eziphuzi, ezibomvana, ezibomvu, ezisawolintshi, ngisho nezebicolor. Ziqhakaza entwasahlobo nasehlobo.

Izinhlobo zeHibiscus

IHibiscus esetshenziswa kakhulu yilena:

AmaHibiscus moscheutos

El AmaHibiscus moscheutos kuyisitshalo esingapheli esinesiqu esime kahle nesishicilelwa esidabuka eNyakatho Melika. Ifinyelela ebangeni eliphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1 no-2,5. Amaqabunga angamasentimitha ayi-10-18 ubude ngamasentimitha angu-4-8 ububanzi. Izimbali zayo zimhlophe, zibomvana, zibomvu noma zinsomi ngesikhungo esibomvu, futhi ulinganise cishe amasentimitha ayi-14 ububanzi. Isekela kuze kufike ku -4ºC.

Lapha unembewu.

IHibiscus rosa-sinensis

El IHibiscus rosa-sinensis, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cayenne, i-poppy, i-hibiscus noma i-China rose, iyinhlobo ethandwa kakhulu. Idabuka eMpumalanga ye-Asia, futhi imvamisa iziphatha njengokuncipha kodwa uma isimo sezulu sishisa ngokwanele sihlala siluhlaza noma siluhlaza njalo. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-2, futhi inamaqabunga aluhlaza aphuzi abe sekwindla. Izimbali ziphakathi kwamasentimitha ayisithupha kuya kwayi-6 ububanzi, futhi zingaba nemibala ehlukene (ophuzi, obomvu, opinki, owolintshi), nomqhele owodwa noma emibili wembali. Imelana namakhaza aze afike ku-2ºC.

IHibiscus sabdariffa

El IHibiscus sabdariffa kuyisitshalo saminyaka yonke esidabuka e-Afrika eshisayo. Yaziwa njengembali yaseJamaica, i-Abyssinian rose, i-saril, i-sorrel ebomvu noma i-rosella ebomvu. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwemitha elilodwa kuya kwamathathu, futhi inamahlamvu acijile ajulile. Ikhiqiza izimbali ezibomvu, amasentimitha angu-4-5 ububanzi. Imelana kuze kube -2ºC.

Thola imbewu lapha.

I-Hibiscus syriacus

El I-Hibiscus syriacus Yisihlahla esinqumayo esidabuka e-Asia, esaziwa nge-Syrian rose, altea, ipomegranate emhlophe, i-arboreal marshmallow noma iSeville royal mallow. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha amabili no-2, bese iba namaqabunga aluhlaza futhi izimbali ezinkulu, aze afike kumasentimitha ayi-10 ububanzi. Lezi zingaba nemibala ehluke kakhulu: pink, white, red, violet, njll. Imelana kuze kufike ku -4ºC.

Thenga imbewu.

I-Hibiscus tiliaceus

El I-Hibiscus tiliaceus Sihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esikhula ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nase-Australia. Ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha amane kuya kwayishumi, futhi inamaqabunga aluhlaza alula, futhi izimbali eziqala ngokuwolintshi futhi zigcine zibomvu ekupheleni kosuku. Ayimelani nesithwathwa.

Kuyini?

Lezi zitshalo zinokusetshenziswa okuningi:

Umhlobiso

Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kakhulu. Izimbali ze-Hibiscus ziyabukisa kangangokuba noma zihlala zivulekile isikhashana zilungele ukuhlobisa ingadi noma ithala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zitshalo zijwayela kahle izimbiza, ngakho-ke kuyathakazelisa ukuba nazo ngisho kuvulandi.

Ukudla okunempilo

Izinhlobo IHibiscus sabdariffa idliwe njengemifino. Ukulungiswa kwamakhambi kanye nezinsini nakho kuyalungiswa. ELatin America izimbali zayo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yiJamaica amanzi; naseGibhithe ukwenza i-carcadé, ukumnika.

Ukwelapha

Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuthakazelisa kakhulu okwelapha. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimbali ze- IHibiscus sabdariffa ukwenza ukumnika. Lezi unezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala nezisusa isisu.

Amakha

Imbewu ye- AmaHibiscus moscheutos zinuka kamnandiNgakho-ke, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza amakha, kukhishwe uwoyela.

Ukunakekela i-hibiscus enamabhodlela nasensimini

Ukugcina iHibiscus isesimweni esifanele, kufanele kubhekwe izinto eziningi:

Indawo

Lezi zitshalo kufanele zibekwe endaweni ekhanyayo. Isibonelo, ngaphakathi kwendlu kufanele zigcinwe egumbini lapho kunamafasitela lapho kungena khona ukukhanya kwelanga; ngaphandle zingaba nazo ilanga eligcwele kanye nomthunzi omncane.

Umhlaba

• Imbiza yezimbali: Kunconywa kakhulu ukuxuba i-peat ne-substrate efana ne-perlite ukuthuthukisa amanzi. Uma ungafuni ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, sebenzisa i-substrate yendawo yonke, njengale.
• Isibindi: badinga umhlaba ukuze ucebe, futhi unisele kahle. Bangakhula enhlabathini yobumba ngaphandle kwenkinga, kepha uma unenhlabathi enzima kakhulu noma ehlanganisiwe, gcwalisa umgodi nge-substrate yendawo yonke.

Ukunisela

Akuzona izitshalo ezimelana nesomiso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuzofanele sibanisele cishe kathathu ngesonto ehlobo, 1 noma 2 ngeviki unyaka wonke.

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuwavuselela, kubalulekile ukuthi ungamanzisi izimbali uma unazo, ngoba zazingonakala ngaphambi kwesikhathi sazo.

Umbhalisile

Ukubenza bakhiqize izimbali eziningi phakathi nenkathi, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uwavundise ngomanyolo oshukumisa ukuqhakaza, isibonelo ngomanyolo oketshezi wezitshalo zezimbali (kuyathengiswa lapha). Manje, uma kuyisitshalo esizosetshenziselwa izinhloso ezidliwayo, sincoma ukusebenzisa omanyolo bemvelo njenge-guano (kuyathengiswa lapha), umquba, amagobolondo amaqanda, njll.

Ukuphindaphinda

I-Hibiscus yanda ngokusika noma imbewu entwasahlobo:

• Izithelo: Kuthathwa amagatsha angama-semi-Woody anobude obungamasentimitha angama-30, futhi isisekelo sifakwa ngamahomoni anezimpande (kuyathengiswa lapha), okungcono uketshezi kepha kungaba yimpuphu. Ngemuva kwalokho, zitshalwa ebhodweni elincane, cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-8,5 ububanzi, nge-substrate yezithombo noma nge-vermiculite eniselwe ngaphambili. Futhi ekugcineni, okusele ukwenziwa ukubeka ibhodwe emthunzini omncane, bese uzama ukugcina inhlabathi imanzi. Ngale ndlela izogxila cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-15-20.
• Imbewu: ezinye izinhlobo zanda kangcono ngembewu. Lezi zitshalwe ezimbizeni nge, isibonelo, i-substrate yendawo yonke, bese ishiywa ngaphandle noma endlini ngokukhanya. Bazohluma cishe esikhathini esingangenyanga.

Ukufakelwa

Uma kudingeka, ziyotshalwa kabusha entwasahlobo. Uma zisembizeni, kubalulekile ukuthi zitshalwe kukhulu uma sezineminyaka "emi-3" kokudala ".

Izihlahla

Ukuthena kwenziwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Lokhu kubandakanya ukususa amagatsha abukeka kabi; okungukuthi, abaphukile, abagulayo noma ababuthakathaka. Ngokufanayo, ingasetshenziselwa ukusika kancane lezo ezikhula kakhulu.

Izinambuzane zeHibiscus

Ziyizitshalo eziphikisayo impela. Manje, bangaba nochungechunge lwezilokazane nezifo kukho konke ukuphila kwabo, okuyilezi:

• Isicabucabu esibomvu: yizibungu ezidla amangqamuzana amaqabunga. Njengoba bekhiqiza ama-cobwebs phakathi kwamaqabunga, kulula ukuhlukanisa lesi silokazane, esilwa nama-acaricides (kuyathengiswa lapha). Ulwazi oluningi.
• Ama-Mealybugs: lezi ezinye izinambuzane esizozithola emaqabungeni nasemagatsheni amathenda. Bangabukeka njengebhola likakotini, noma babe njengezinyonga. Kunoma ikuphi, zisuswa kalula ngomhlaba we-diatomaceous (uyathengiswa lapha) noma ngamanzi nensipho emnene. Ulwazi oluningi
• Izintwala: Zikhetha iziqhumane zezimbali, yize zingabonakala nakumaqabunga amasha. Mancane kakhulu, cishe angamasentimitha angu-0,5, futhi aluhlaza, aphuzi, noma ansundu ngebala. Zingasuswa ngamanzi nensipho engathathi hlangothi, insipho ye-potassium (isendalini lapha) noma umhlaba we-diatomaceous. Ulwazi oluningi.

Izifo

Ngokuqondene nezifo ze-hibiscus, kufanele sikhulume ngalokhu: ukugqwala, i-botrytis nokubola. Izimpawu yilezi:

• Izindawo ezibomvu, eziwolintshi noma ezimpunga emaqabungeni kanye / noma ezimbalini.
• Ukubukeka kwempuphu »noma impunga» emgqonyeni.
• Ukwehla kwamaqabunga ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukwelapha, ama-fungicides e-systemic kufanele asetshenziswe (kuyathengiswa Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.), ukufafaza sonke isitshalo kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingozi kufanele zihlukaniswe.

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu

Ezinye izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ekulimeni yilezi:

• Amashidi aphuzi:
  • Uma kuyizindala: kungenzeka ukuthi kunisela ngokweqile. Hlola umswakama womhlabathi ngaphambi kokuchelela futhi.
  • Uma ziphenduka ziphuzi ngokushesha: Uma zingaphandle ngesikhathi sasebusika esibandayo, lapho-ke kufanele zivikelwe. Futhi uma zingaphakathi, ngokuqinisekile ziyayithinta imisinga yomoya.
  • Uma nazo ziba buthakathaka: kungenzeka ukuthi zintula i-nitrogen. Ixazululwa ngokufaka umanyolo ngomanyolo oketshezi ocebile nge-nitrogen.
• Izimbali ezingavuli: abaswele ukukhanya. Kumele bayiswe endaweni ekhanyayo.
• Ikhiqiza amaqabunga, kodwa hhayi izimbali: Uma kusentwasahlobo-ehlobo kanti nesitshalo sakho asiqhakazi yize uvundisiwe, kungenzeka ukuthi awusebenzisi umanyolo ofanele noma uwufaka njalo. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kungakuhle ukuthi umise umanyolo izinyanga ezimbalwa, bese uqala kabusha usebenzisa umanyolo ovusa izimbali.
• I-Hibiscus ikhula kancane kakhulu, noma iyekile ukukhula: ukungabi nendawo. Bona ukuthi isivele inebhodlela lonke yini, bese uma kunjalo, litshala kwelinye elikhulu.

Ngamafuphi

I-Hibiscus ngokuvamile ihamba kancane ezitshalweni ezikhula okulingene. Ama-specimens anokuphakama okuthile - imitha elilodwa noma ngaphezulu - awavame ukutholakala kalula ezinkulisa, futhi uma ekhona, intengo iphezulu. Kungakho kunconywa kakhulu thola izitshalo ezincane, enenani elingabizi kakhulu, futhi uwabuka ekhula unyaka nonyaka ngenkathi sijabulela izimbali zawo ezinhle.

Vele, ukubasiza ekukhuleni kwabo singenza lokhu okungenhla: zivundise ngenkathi yezimbali (kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kokuwa). Kungcono sisebenzise umanyolo ophilayo futhi sizowusebenzisa ngokulandela izincomo zomkhiqizi.

Ngokuvamile abanazo izinkinga zezinambuzane. Empeleni, ngeke babe nezinkinga ngaphandle kokuthi izimo ezikhulayo zingavumi ngokuphelele. Isibonelo: ama-mealybugs azovela uma enganiselwa kahle futhi isikhunta sizovela uma umswakama weqile. Kufanele uzame ukuthola umsuka wenkinga ukuze ukwazi ukuyixazulula ezimpandeni zayo, usebenzisa, vele, umkhiqizo othize wokubulala izinambuzane / isikhunta, kodwa futhi nokuguqula isivuno ukuze iHibiscus ilulame kahle futhi ibe nempilo kusukela manje vula.

Ezinye izinhlobo zimelana nesithwathwa esincane, yesikhathi esifushane, ngakho-ke uma uhlala endaweni ebandayo kulula ukuthi ubagcine ezindlini phakathi nobusika, egumbini lapho ukukhanya okuningi kwemvelo kungena futhi kude nezinhlaka. Zingakhula kahle nelanga eligcwele njengasemthunzini omncane, inqobo nje uma sigwema i-substrate ekumeni, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Bangamelana nesomiso ngandlela thile, kepha ngeke bakhule futhi futhi bazochuma kancane.

Futhi wena, unayo i-hibiscus ekhaya?