Namuhla sizokhuluma kancane ngakho isitshalo esihlukile, isikhathi esiningi esinganakwa ngenxa yobuncane bayo, kepha kusabaluleke kakhulu kwabanye abantu nakubalimi.
Namuhla sinikeza ithuba I-Medicago lupulin, okuyinto kuyisitshalo esikwazi ukulawula ukukhula kwezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibhekwa njengokhula. Ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokuqhubeka, ake siqale.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile ye- I-Medicago lupulin
I-lupulin emnyama, noma i-medicago lupulin, iyi- utshani obujwayelekile obubanzi nokuguqa okutholakala kulo lonke elase-US naseningizimu yeCanada. Abomdabu baseYurophu kanye nendawo efudumele yase-Asia. Kuyilungu lohlobo lomndeni we-legume (UFabaceae) futhi unamanye amagama ajwayelekile njenge-yellow clover, i-black clover, nama-hops okwelapha.
Lesi sitshalo ngokuvamile imvamisa itholakala ezindaweni eziphazamisekile noma otshanini, nasemasimini nasemadlelweni. Ehlobo, i-broadleaf yonyaka ikhula iguqe phansi futhi inamaqabunga ama-trifoliate ane-spur enkabeni yeqabunga.
Kuvame ukutholakala njengokhula ku izindawo ezomile nezishisayo otshanini nasezinkanjini ezingenamuntu, ezinjengemigwaqo nojantshi, kodwa futhi kungaba wuhlupho ezingadini nasezinkambu uma kungalawulwa kahle.
Njengamanye amalungu omndeni we-legume, umuthi omnyama unobudlelwano be-symbiotic namagciwane I-Rhizobium. Leli gciwane kubangela ukwakheka kwamaqhuqhuva ezimpandeni futhi kulungisa i-nitrogen yomkhathi. Enye yale nitrogen isetshenziswa isitshalo esikhulayo, kepha ingasetshenziswa nezinye izitshalo ezikhula eduze.
Izici
Izikhukhula
Own izimbali eziphuzi ezisemjahweni oyindilinga ekugcineni kwesiqu futhi iqhamuka emaqabungeni. Lokhu kuzokhiqiza ama-black seed pods lapho esefinyelele ekuvuthweni. Inhloko ngayinye yembali emise njengebhaluni futhi iqukethe iqoqo eliminyene lezimbali ezincane eziphuzi eziyi-15-50 cm.
Lesi sitshalo esinolaka sakha iziqu eziminyene zezimbewu emva kokuqhakaza. Izimbali ezincane eziphuzi akhiqizwa kuma-axils amaqabunga. I-inflorescence ngayinye iyiqembu elihlangene. Izimbali zitholakala kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, yize izitshalo ngazinye ziyeka ukuqhakaza lapho imbewu seyimisiwe.
Ukukhula
I-lupulin emnyama inamandla oku chuma enhlabathini eyomile, engenazakhi. Ngasikhathi sinye, inamandla okulungisa lezi zinkinga otshanini futhi ingadi izonciphisa ukubukeka kwalokhu ukhula.
Uhlelo lwayo lwempande lunempande ejiyile enamagatsha angakha amaqhuqhuva. Bangeza i-nitrogen enhlabathini ezungezile. Le taproot ikhula ijule enhlabathini eningi.
Iziqu eziningana ezilengayo, ezinoboya obuncane zikhula kusuka phansi. Lesi sitshalo sikhula siseduze nomhlabathi, isakazeka kuze kufike ku-5 cm, kepha ayimili izimpande ngeziqu. Ukuze ukwazi ukuphatha lesi sitshalo, kufanele ube namathuluzi esandla noma ukukhipha ukhula okungasusa i-taproot enkulu.
Kushiya
Iqabunga ngalinye lihlukaniswe ngamapheshana ama-3, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-trifoliate. Ipheshana eliphakathi nendawo linamathiselwe esiqwini ngesiqu esifushane, kanti amapheshana amabili angaphandle anamathiselwe ngqo esiqwini. Onke amanye amaqabunga ayi-trifoliate. Amaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama esitshalo afana namaqabunga e-clover, anamapheshana amathathu ama-oval. Ngabe umfutho omncane noma izinyo ekugcineni, ohlangothini lwamazinyo kanye nemithambo evelele nehambisanayo. Ipheshana elisenkabeni liphuma kancane lingene kwi-petiole enwetshiwe.
Futhi uma uzibuza ukuthi kungani sikhuluma ngalokhu, kungenxa yesizathu esilula ukuthi lesi sici, kanye nethiphu elincanyana eliphumayo esicongweni sencwajana kanye nasemaphethelweni wejagged, isiza ukuhlukanisa umuthi omnyama kweminye imidumba ewuthathu.
Njengeqiniso lokwazi futhi ngaphambi kokudlulela kwisici esilandelayo, kufanele ukwazi lokho amaqabunga akhiqizwa ngokuhlukile ngeziqu. Kukhona ama-stipulethi (ama-appendages amancane afana neqabunga) lapho i-petiole ngayinye ijoyina isiqu esikhulu.
Izithelo
Izithelo ezakha ngemuva kokuvota impova zibukeka njengezinso ezincane ezihlelwe ngamaqoqo. Ama-pods wembewu ahlanganisiwe aba mnyama uma esevuthiwe. Lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza imbewu esebenzayo ku izimo ezijwayelekile zokugunda Zingaphikelela emhlabathini iminyaka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukulawula lolu khula ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali nokuhlwanyelwa kwembewu.
Amasiko
Ezitshanini, i- I-Medicago lupulin ingasetshenziswa ngemikhuba emihle yokusebenzisa utshani ukukhuthaza ukukhula kotshani obukhulu (ukusika okuphezulu, ukufaka umquba nokunisela okufanele), okwenza kube nzima ukuthi umuthi omnyama uqhubeke.
Njengoba isitshalo somuthi omnyama sivame ukukhula ezindaweni lapho ukuhlangana okuthile kwenhlabathi kwenzekeNjengasemaphethelweni emigwaqo nasezindleleni, ukunciphisa ukubumbana nakho kuzosiza. Izitshalo ngazinye ingahluthulwa ngesandla. Ngisho nezitshalo ezinkulu kunazo zonke kulula ukuzikha, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba imvula isithambise umhlabathi.
Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezinkulu noma ngezifo eziminyene, umuthi wokubulala ukhula obanzi ungasetshenziswa ukukhulisa izitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula kusuka esitsheni kuya embali. Izilawuli zamakhemikhali zisetshenziswa kahle kakhulu kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo, futhi futhi ekuqaleni naphakathi kwekwindla. Yebo kunjalo, kufanele ufunde futhi ulandele imiyalo eselebuli ngokucophelela.
Lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinelanga eligcwele noma eliyingxenye, izimo ezinomswakama nenhlabathi iqukethe i-loam, ubumba, noma i-gravel. Luhlobo lwezinhlobo ezilukhuni nolunolaka, kepha luvame ukunganakwa ngenxa yomkhuba wokukhula okuphansi nosayizi wawo omncane. Izimpande zengeza i-nitrogen emhlabathini okwenza ubudlelwane nama-bacterium e-rhizobial.
Indawo ejwayelekile nezindawo zokuhlala
I-lupulin emnyama itholakala kuzo zonke izifunda e-Illinois futhi kuvamile impela. Lesi sitshalo sethulwe sisuka e-Asia saya eNyakatho Melika nangezinjongo zezolimo. Izindawo zokuhlala zifaka izindawo ezinotshani (inhlabathi emnyama yobumba), izimfunda ezinamabhulashi, amasimu amadala, izindawo zamapulazi, izindawo ezinotshani, izindawo ezingenamuntu, izindawo zokulahla imfucuza, amathuna, utshani, izindawo eziseduze nojantshi nezindlela zomgwaqo, nezindawo zokulahla okuxubile.
Lesi sitshalo imvamisa itholakala ezindaweni eziphazamiseke kakhulu, yize ingahlasela izindawo ezinotshani ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Kulokhu kokugcina, iba ngesinye sezitshalo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezingabekezelela umthunzi wezimila eziphakeme zotshani.