Ubulili IPistacia Yakhiwe yizinhlobo eziyi-10, zonke ezomndeni wakwa-Anarcardiaceae. Lezi zitshalo zidabuka eziqhingini zaseCanary, eNyakatho Afrika, nakwezinye izindawo ezifudumele zase-Eurasia. Lezi ezinye zezihlahla nezihlahlana okuvame ukufika kumamitha angama-25 ukuphakama kanti ezinye izinhlobo azidluli imitha elilodwa.
Kule ndatshana sizobuyekeza izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezaziwayo zohlobo lwePistacia ukuze uzazi kangcono.
UGenus Pistacia
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ziyizitshalo ezikhula ezindaweni ezifudumele, ngakho-ke zidinga umswakama ophakeme ukuze zihlale kahle. Iningi linamaqabunga ahlukile, ahlanganisiwe kanye namaphini. Sithola zombili izinhlobo ezihlala ziluhlaza nezinqumayo. Ziyizitshalo ze-phanerogamic ne-dioecious. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zombili zinezimbali zesilisa nezinsikazi futhi zehlukanisiwe.
Uma ufuna inani lamaPistacias engadini yakho noma edlelweni ukuze lisebenze kahle, kufanele kube nezitshalo zabo bobubili ubulili. Ngokuqondene nezihlahla, zingaba futhi zivule noma zihlale ziluhlaza. Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi lolu hlobo lwavela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-80 edlule futhi seluguqukele kulokho oluyikho namuhla. Izimbali zingama-apétalas futhi zihlelwe zaba ngamaqoqo. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinhlobo, sithola izinhlobo kusuka kokunsomi kuya kokuluhlaza.
Ngokuqondene nezithelo zawo, imvamisa kuyinto yedriphu engathandeki, yize kunezinhlobo ezithile ezidliwayo. Imbewu ayinayo i-endosperm. Indlela ezizala ngayo kungukusetshenziswa kwembewu nokusakazeka kwayo okulandelayo yizinyoni. Kulezi zinyoni, izithelo zePistacia imvamisa ziyinsiza ebalulekile ngezikhathi zonyaka zokuzalanisa, zokufuduka kanye nesikhathi sonyaka obandayo, lapho ukudla kuyindlala.
Izinhlobo eziningi zalolu hlobo yizitshalo eziguqulelwe isomiso ezingaphila ngokuphelele ogwadule. Ngalesi sizathu, bangaphila ngokuphelele esimweni sezulu saseMedithera, lapho kuvame ukuba nesomiso sasehlobo ngenkathi eshisayo yonyaka. Enye inzuzo ukuthi ijwayele ukubekezelela kakhulu inhlabathi enosawoti, ngakho-ke ayikho inkinga yokuyihlwanyela ezindaweni ezisogwini.
Izidingo eziyinhloko
Akudingi izidingo eziningi kakhulu ngoba ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ibanga lokushisa lapho besinda khona lisuka kusuka -10 degrees ebusika kuya kuma-40 degrees ehlobo. Yisitshalo esikhula kancane, ngakho-ke ngeke siqale ukuthela izithelo kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-7 noma eyi-10 sizelwe.
Ezinye zezinhlobo zegciwane zithanda umswakama ophakeme, kepha azikhuli ngokuphelele ezimeni zomswakama eziphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpande zivame ukubola futhi zihlaselwe isikhunta semithi. Ukugwema lesi simo, kuzodingeka ukunisela ngokulingene ukuze ungaminyanisi amanzi okunisela. Amapayipi omhlabathi nawo kufanele abhekwe. Uma inhlabathi inokuthungwa okungavumeli ukuthi amanzi okunisela ahlunge kahle, sizobe sengozini yokuthi isitshalo sibole ngenxa yamanzi amaningi noma sithambekele ekuhlaselweni isikhunta esiyisinanakazana.
Ukuze ube nentuthuko enhle, kudinga isikhathi sesomiso minyaka yonke. Lokhu kujwayelekile ezimweni zezulu lapho kukhula khona ngokwemvelo. Lezi zitshalo zivame ukukhipha i-resin noma iphunga lokwelapha. Kwezinye izinhlobo zinuka kamnandi futhi zinamandla. Ungaziphindaphinda zombili ngezimbewu nangokusika kanye namahlumela kusuka empandeni. Uma ufisa, ezinye zezinhlobo ze-arboreal ne-shrub zingakha ama-clumps ngenxa yezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezibekwa kuzo endaweni yazo yemvelo. Zakha futhi lezi zihlahla ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwezimila ezidliwayo kudla ngokweqile futhi kuvimbela ukuthi zikhule kahle.
Ezinye zezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu
Manje ake senze izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu bese ufaka incazelo emfushane
IPistacia lentiscus
Kuyaziwa ngokuthi lentisco. Isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza okwe-dioecious shrub esingaphezu kwamamitha ama-5 ukuphakama uma kunakekelwa kahle. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani futhi izimbali zawo zibomvu kodwa zincane ngosayizi. Izimbali zenzeka entwasahlobo. Zijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwamathango namanye amaqembu acinene. Zikulungele izingadi ezisogwini ezimweni zezulu zaseMedithera.
Kudinga ukukhanya kwelanga nesimo sezulu esifudumele. Ayifuneki ngohlobo lomhlabathi, ngaphandle kwalapho inamapayipi amahle futhi amanzi okunisela angaqoqeki. Ukutshala, okungcono kakhulu ekwindla noma entwasahlobo. Ayidingi ukuthena noma umanyolo, ngoba ingakhula enhlabathini embi. Uyawazisa umquba othile.
IPistacia terebinthus
Kuyaziwa ngokuthi nomfundo. Isihlahla esinqumayo esingaba phakathi kwamamitha amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha ukuphakama. Amaqabunga awo aluhlaza okotshani futhi izimbali zincane, zibomvu futhi zihlelwe ngamaqoqo. Izimbali zenzeka phakathi nentwasahlobo. Isetshenziswa njengesitshalo samakholoni ezindaweni ezomile kakhulu zensimu.
Idinga ukushiswa yilanga namazinga okushisa aphezulu, yize imelana namanye amakhaza ebusika. Ingaphila emhlabatsini welilitje kanye nasemhlabatsini lophukile, ngako ayidingi umquba noma ukuthena. Kungcono ukuwanisela ngokulingene ukugwema ukuminyana kwamanzi. Ngaphambi kokuchelela futhi, vumela inhlabathi yome.
I-Atlantic Pistacia
La I-Atlantic Pistacia Yisihlahla esinqumayo esifinyelela phakathi kwamamitha ayi-8 kuye kwayi-12 ukuphakama. Umqhele wayo mkhulu futhi amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimbali zayo nazo zivela ngamaqoqo futhi zinezinsikazi neziduna. Idinga indawo elangeni eligcwele, futhi ibe kude namapayipi noma amapavumente ngoba izimpande zayo zingazilimaza. Ingakhula emhlabathini ompofu, noma-ke idinga amanzi amaningi ukugwema ukuminyana kwamanzi. Ayidingi ukuchelelwa kakhulu ngenxa yokumelana kwayo kakhulu nesomiso.
IPistacia Vera
Yisihlahla esinqumayo esinobude obuphakathi kwamamitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-5. Amaqabunga nezimbali eziluhlaza okotshani kumila ngamaqoqo futhi anombala oluhlaza okotshani. Badinga ukutholakala kwelanga kanye nemisele enhle yenhlabathi. Ixhasa isomiso kahle, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kufanele kube ngokulingene. Ingaphila emhlabathini ompofu futhi ayidingi ukuthenwa noma umquba.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngohlobo lwePistacia.