I-Xylosandrus compactus, ibhungane elidina izihlahla

Uma izitshalo zethu bezingenakho okwanele ngezinambuzane zomdabu zendawo ngayinye, futhi nalezi ezihlaselayo ezinjenge-weevil ebomvu noma i-Paysandisia archon, manje sekufanele babhekane nenye: I-Xylosandrus compactus. Leli gama lesayensi mhlawumbe alikhali insimbi, kepha yilona elinikezwe ibhungane elingaba yingozi ngezinhlobo ezihlukene ezingama-225, kufaka phakathi izihlahla nezihlahlana.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kuyingozi kangakanani, sizokutshela ngaleli bhungane ukuze ukwazi ukulibona, futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezidingekayo ukuze ugweme ukudala izinkinga eziningi kakhulu ezitshalweni zakho.

Uyini umsuka nezimpawu ze- I-Xylosandrus compactus?

Kuyisinambuzane ongowokuzalwa e-Afrika eshisayo, eMadagascar naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Njengamanje, itholakala naseMelika, lapho yethulwa khona ngo-1941, eBrazil, eCuba naseHawaii, kanye naseMallorca (eSpain) lapho yafika khona ngoNovemba 2019, yize yayivele yaziwa eFrance Bank kusukela okungenani ngo-2012. Kuyaziwa ngokuthi i-black coffee borer, i-black coffee borer borer, itiye stem borer, noma i-black twig borer.

Mayelana nezici zayo, sikhuluma ngesinambuzane esincane esinsundu noma esimnyama ngokuqhathaniswa. Insikazi endala ingu-2mm kuphela ubude, futhi icishe ibe ngu-1mm ububanzi. Ikhanda liyindilinga ngokuma, futhi linezimpondo ezakhiwe izingxenye ezimbalwa. Isimemezelo saso, okungukuthi, ingxenye yokuqala yesifuba, sinomngcele wangaphambili onama-striae ayisithupha noma ayisishiyagalombili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamaphiko abizwa nge-elytra.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, owesilisa osekhulile mncane, i-pronotum yayo ayifakwanga iserrated futhi ayinazimpiko nayo.

Amaqanda acishe abe ngu-0,5mm ubude, futhi ane-ovoid, amhlophe ngombala. Iziphungumangathi zivela kuzo, zimhlophe okakhilimu nekhanda elinsundu futhi azinayo imilenze. Iziphungumangathi zinombala okhilimu, futhi babe nemilenze abayisebenzisayo ukunyakaza.

Uyini umjikelezo wayo wezinto eziphilayo?

Ukwazi umjikelezo webhayoloji wezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezinjengalezi, ezihlasela futhi ezinamandla okubeka izitshalo eziningi engcupheni, kuvela ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba impumelelo noma ukwehluleka kokwelashwa kuzoncika kakhulu kukho:

• Amaqanda: zigcinwa emagatsheni abhalwe ngaphambili.
• Izibungu: lapho zichanyuselwa eqandeni, ziqala ukondla.
• Iziphungumangathi: Amaduna akhiqizwa emaqandeni angenamvundla futhi ayingcosana, kodwa ekugcineni ahlangana nodadewabo. Abasoze baphuma kuleyo mihubhe.
• Abantu abadala: ibhungane lensikazi elikhulile lishiya umhubhe lindize liye komunye umuthi wokusingatha…, kodwa alihambi lodwa: lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane selwakhe ubudlelwane obusondelene nesikhunta esithile, njengeFusarium. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zenza ikoloni le- lezwabantu kwesitshalo esizobanjelwa, bese kuzodliwa amabhungane nezibungu. Kodwa bafika kanjani lapho? Ngendlela yespore ephethwe ibhungane lensikazi.

Isikhathi sokuphila salesi sinambuzane cishe izinsuku ezingama-30 ngokwesilinganiso. Insikazi ingafinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-40, kuthi owesilisa azungeze izinsuku eziyi-7-10.

Izitshalo zenzani I-Xylosandrus compactus?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi kuthinta izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-225, isatshalaliswa emindenini engama-62 yezitshalo. Isibonelo, kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kufayela le- Coffea arabica (ikhofi, UCamellia (itiye), IPersea americana (Aguacate) futhi Ukhokho weTheobroma (ukhokho), kepha futhi kuyathinta I-Erythrina, UMelia azedarach, I-Acer palmatum, khaya grandifolia y Khaya senegalensis, phakathi kokunye okuningi.

Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi lezo zitshalo ezingazange zikhiphe ubisi oluningi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zazicindezeleke kangakanani, zazinengozi ephansi yokuba ngabasingathi bebhungane elibhoboza isihlahla.

Kubanga muphi umonakalo?

El I-Xylosandrus compactus Yisinambuzane esimba imipheme, ikakhulukazi emagatsheni amancane ezihlahla, lapho sigcina khona isikhunta esinobudlelwano obusondelene nabo futhi esisilimayo ukuze sisebenze njengokudla kwabo bobabili nezibungu.

Ngakho-ke isitshalo esithintekile sizoba nalezi zimpawu:

• Ukufa nokuwa kwamagatsha
• Amahlamvu ansundu
• Ukukhipha isisu
• Ukuboshwa kokukhula

Kanjani ukulawula kwefayela le- I-Xylosandrus compactus?

Lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala, isilinganiso esithathiwe ukwelapha isitshalo esithintekile nge-endotherapy (okungukuthi, ukujova umkhiqizo we-phytosanitary kanye / noma into yokudla okunempilo ngqo ezicutshini zemithambo yegazi), kepha uma kunenqwaba yezitshalo ezinesifo isibonelo, noma endaweni evaliwe, futhi zimbi kakhulu, siyaqhubeka sizishisa.

Ngokocwaningo, isikhunta I-Beauveria bassiana kungaba ikhambi elihle elingenabuthi ekulweni nalesi silokazane. Kepha noma kunjalo, Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze uma usola ukuthi unesihlahla esikule nkinga ukwazisa iPlant Health yendawo yangakini.

Ufike nini eSpain?

Ibhungane elidina igatsha lafika eSpain ngoNovemba 2019. Kutholakale ku- isihlahla se-carob (ICeratonia siliqua) ohlala engadini yangasese yomakhelwane eCalvià (Mallorca). Ochwepheshe abavela eBalearic Islands Plant Health Laboratory (LOSVIB) nase-University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) babike ngalokhu ku-General Sub-Directorate Yezitshalo Nezamahlathi Ezempilo kanye Nenhlanzeko yoMnyango Wezolimo, Ukudoba kanye Nokudla.

Ochwepheshe be-LOSVIB bafaka umuthi wokwelapha i-endotherapy esihlahleni se-carob, futhi bayalandela njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Siyethemba kube wusizo kuwe.