La I-Dioscorea alata (i-yam) yisitshalo sokudla esiyisisekelo sezigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi yi- i-yam enkulu noma i-yam yamanzi, ngokuba ngesinye sezinhlobo eziyinhloko ezilinyiwe futhi kusatshalaliswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwezomnotho namasiko, kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngemvelaphi yayo, ukwehluka kanye nezakhi zofuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, imizamo yokuzalanisa ukumelana nesifo sayo esiyinhloko, i-anthracnose, iye yanqunyelwe.
Origen
Kuthiwa ukuthi I-Dioscorea alata yaqala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, lapho kwaqala khona ukulinywa kwayo. Ikhuliswa kuso sonke isifunda esishisayo nesifudumele futhi imele ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kakhulu kwawo wonke ama-dioscoreas. Ngaphezu kweNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ukutshalwa kwayo kusakazeke kakhulu eCaribbean (lapho kutholakala khona i-yam ebaluleke kakhulu), eNtshonalanga Afrika (lapho idlulwa kuphela yi IDioscorea rotundata Poiret) nase-Oceania.
Ngokuqinisekile yizinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi ukulinywa kwayo kusabalele kuwo wonke amazwe esifundeni, ikakhulukazi e-Indonesia, eMalaysia, ePapua New Guinea, ePhilippines naseVietnam.
Izici zeDioscorea alata
Lesi isitshalo esibaluleke kakhulu ezifundeni ezishisayo, lapho saziswa kakhulu njengokudla. Inezimpande no uhlobo lwama-bulb ngamandla kakhulu, okuyi yakha izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingaphansi komhlaba ngenani eliphezulu lokudla okunempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyisitshalo esikhuphukayo esinezinto zokwelapha ezithakazelisayo.
Amaqabunga makhulu anesimo senhliziyo nombala ogqamile oluhlaza, angafika ku-25 cm ubude. Imithambo imakiwe futhi Izinhlobo eziningi zinamathoni ansomi emkhakheni. Lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza izilimo eziyizigaxa nezinhlamvu (Izilimo eziyizigaxa zasemoyeni), Evela kuma-axils amaqabunga. Lawa angama-cylindrical futhi acebile kuma-carbohydrate, avumela isitshalo ukuthi siphile ezimweni ezomile kakhulu.
Ukunakekelwa
Kuyisitshalo esijwayelekile sezulu esishisayo, esikhula kahle ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinomswakama ebangeni le-latitude N no-S lika-30º (ulayini we-equatorial). Izinga lokushisa elifanele lale mifino liphakathi kuka-25 no-30ºC, inkathi yemvula ezungeze i-1.500mm / ngonyaka, enenkathi echazayo eyomile yezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezi-2. I- I-Dioscorea alata ayibekezeleli amakhaza abandayo namancane.
Kudinga inhlabathi elula engenasihlabathi kakhulu, ejulile, enamapayipi amahle, ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo, enekhono elihle lokugcina umswakama. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwayo, inhlabathi kufanele ibe manzi. Kufanele kugwenywe inhlabathi ene-asidi.
Amasiko
Lesi yisitshalo sokukhiqiza kabusha se-asexual, ukutshalwa kwayo kwenziwa ngezilimo eziyizigaxa eziphelele noma izingcezu zalokhu. Ku-tuber ngayinye kunamagugu amaningi alele ahluma lapho izimo zezemvelo zizinhle. Zingasetshenziswa ngezisindo eziphakathi kuka-50g no-250g.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinesisindo esingu-150g noma ngaphezulu kuphela okufanele zikhethwe ukuhlukaniswa zibe izingcezu ezimbili noma ezintathu; Ukusikwa kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela noma kusengaphambili (sika izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi noma kuze kube usuku olungu-3 ngaphambi kokubeka izingcezu emthunzini). Izihlanganisi kufanele zigcinwe endaweni enomoya futhi uvikeleke emswakeni, ekushiseni nasekuphazanyisweni.
Sebenzisa
Kungukudla okunothe ngama-carbohydrate, okudliwe kakhulu emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo, okugayeka kalula futhi okulungele izidlo. U-Yam ucebile ngesitashi, umthombo ocebile we-beta-carotene, amavithamini C no-B complex; iqukethe ne-calcium, i-iron ne-phosphorus.
Kuyinto a plant futhi eyaziwa ngezindawo zayo zokukhipha ubuthi kanye nokuhlanzaKunconywa nokwelashwa kwezifo ezifana ne-rheumatism, i-arthritis, i-uric acid nokuvuvukala kukonke. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuvikela izifo ezidluliswa umiyane, njengodenga, umalaleveva kanye ne-yellow fever.
Futhi inempahla yokubuyisa nokugcina amasosha omzimba aphilayo futhi amelana nawo. E-Afrika kuthiwa ibhekele ukwanda kokuzala kwabesifazane abayisebenzisa ekudleni kwabo njalo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Okuvame kakhulu i-anthracnose, isifo esikhawulela ukukhula nokukhula kwe- I-Dioscorea alata nesifo sokubola esomile, esibangelwe yi- yam nematode.