I-Maple (Acer)

El imephu Kungumuthi, noma isihlahlana, okuthi ngenxa yamahlamvu awo esundu, umbala we-autumnal abawutholayo, nomthunzi omnandi ohlinzekwa ngumqhele waso, sekube ngesinye sezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu ezingadini nasemasimini ezindaweni ezifudumele zomhlaba.

Inani layo lokuhlobisa liphakeme kakhulu kangangokuba noma ngabe awukho umhlaba ongatshala kuwo, abaningi bazama ukuwukhulisa ezimbizeni ... ngempumelelo.

Umsuka nezici zemephu

Amamephu ziyizihlahla nezihlahlana, iningi lazo liyala, okuluhlobo lwe-Acer. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-160 ezamukelekayo ezingama-700 esezichaziwe, futhi zonke zizalwa enyakatho Nenkabazwe, ngaphandle kwezinye ezikhula eNyakatho Afrika.

Amaqabunga aphikisana, anomumo okotshwe wesundu ezimweni eziningi kakhulu, yize nawo engaba yinhlanganisela ye-pinnate, pinnate pinnate, futhi ngaphandle kwama-lobes. Izimbali zihlelwe ngama-racemes, ama-corymbs noma ama-umbels, futhi ziyi-pentameric. Isithelo siyi-bi-samara, okungukuthi, ama-samara amabili ahlanganiswe ekugcineni kwembewu.

Ziqhakaza ngasekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi noma ngemuva kwamaqabunga, futhi ziyathandeka kakhulu ezinyosini njengoba ziwumthombo wempova kanye nompe.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Okudume kakhulu yile:

I-Acer buergerianum

Waziwa ngokuthi imephu yesithathu, isihlahla esinqumayo esidabuka eChina, Japan naseTaiwan lokho ifinyelela ukuphakama okungafika kumamitha amabili. Amaqabunga awo asikiwe, 3-10 x 4-6cm, aluhlaza entwasahlobo nasehlobo, futhi abomvu ngokubomvu ekwindla.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

I-Acer campestre

Waziwa ngokuthi izwe maple, i-alciro, i-boro noma i-maple encane, isihlahla esinqumayo esisithola eYurophu, e-Algeria, e-Asia Minor nasePheresiya. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-7. Amaqabunga aso afakwe uhlaka lwesundu, athola ukuma kwezinkanyezi, futhi aluhlaza ngaphandle kwasekwindla lapho eba phuzi.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

I-Acer freemanii

El I-Acer x freemanii kuyinhlanganisela phakathi I-Acer rubrum y I-Acer saccharinum. Yisihlahla esisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, ikhula phakathi kwamamitha ayisithupha kuya kwayi-6, anamaqabunga aluhlaza aphenduke abe bomvu ekwindla.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

I-Acer monspessulanum

Waziwa ngokuthi Imephu yaseMontpellier, i-mundillo noma i-enguelgue, isihlahla esinqumayo esidabuka esifundeni saseMedithera. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni okuphezulu kwamamitha angama-20, futhi ithuthukise amaqabunga anezinhlamvu ezinebala elibomvu ekwindla.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

I-Acer negundo

Eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-maple negundo, i-negundo noma i-acezintle, isihlahla esinqumayo esidabuka eNyakatho Melika lokho ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-25. Amaqabunga aphinki, aqukethe amapheshana aluhlaza awu-3, 5 noma 7. Ekwindla ziba phuzi ngaphambi kokuwa.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

I-Acer opalus

Waziwa ngokuthi i-oron noma i-asar, isihlahla esinqumayo esidabuka ezifundeni zezintaba zaseningizimu nasentshonalanga yeYurophu nasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Afrika. Ingafinyelela ukuphakama okuphezulu kwamamitha angama-20, futhi amaqabunga awo ahlanganiswe ngesundu, aluhlaza ngombala, aphuzi ngokuwa ekwindla ngaphambi kokuwa.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

I-Acer garnatense

Igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Acer opalus subsp garnatense, futhi iyisihlahlana esinqumayo eNyakatho Afrika, enyakatho yesiqhingi saseMallorca naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Ifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-5-6, kanti amaqabunga awo anjenge-palmate, aluhlaza kangako ekwindla kunalokho aphenduka aphuzi.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -12ºC.

I-Acer palmatum

Waziwa ngokuthi imephu yaseJapan, Imephu yesundu yaseJapane, imephu yesundu yaseJapane noma imephu ye-polymorphic, isihlahla noma isihlahlana esidabuka eJapane naseNingizimu Korea lokho ifinyelela ubude obuphakathi kwamamitha ama-6 no-10, kuyaqabukela u-16m. Amaqabunga afakwe izintambo zesundu, abomvu ngokubomvu entwasahlobo, aluhlaza ehlobo, futhi abomvu okwesibhakabhaka ekwindla.

Kukhona ama-subspecies amathathu nezinkulungwane zama-cultivars, ezinobukhulu obuhlukile nemibala, yize ngenhlanhla yonke imelana no -18ºC.

Ama-Acer platanoides

Waziwa ngokuthi imephu yangempela, I-maple yaseNorway, i-platanoid maple noma i-maple yaseNorway, isihlahla esidabuka eYurophu, eCaucasus nase-Asia Minor. Ingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ama-35, kepha into ejwayelekile ukuthi idlula u-25m. Amaqabunga anamahlamvu esundu futhi agundiwe, anombala oluhlaza nakuba ephenduka aphuzi noma abe nsomi (kuya ngohlobo noma ngomhlwanyelo) ekwindla.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

I-Acer pseudoplatanus

Eyaziwa njenge-maple emhlophe, ubhanana mbumbulu noma i-sycamore maple, isihlahla esinqumayo esidabuka enkabeni naseningizimu yeYurophu, naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia. Ingafinyelela ubude obufinyelela kumamitha ayi-30, bese eba namahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani wesundu. Ngesikhathi sokuwa iba phuzi noma ibe bomvu.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

I-Acer rubrum

Waziwa ngokuthi imephu ebomvu, Imephu ebomvu yaseMelika, imephu yaseVirginia noma imephu yaseCanada, isihlahla esinqumayo esidabuka empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Ifinyelela ebangeni eliphakathi kwamamitha ama-20 no-40, futhi amaqabunga awo ahlanganiswe kabili, abomvu ekwindla.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

I-Acer saccharinum

Eyaziwa njenge-maple kashukela, i-maple yaseCanada, i-mapch ye-saccharine, i-maple yesiliva, noma i-maple emhlophe yaseMelika, isihlahla esinqumayo esidabuka empumalanga ye-United States naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-20, ukwazi ukufinyelela kumamitha angama-40. Amaqabunga asundu, abomvu noma aphuzi ekwindla.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

I-Acer saccharum

Waziwa ngokuthi ushukela maple, isihlahla esidabuka empumalanga ye-United States lokho ifinyelela ubude obufinyelela kuma-20 amamitha. Amaqabunga afakwe izintende zesundu, aluhlaza ingxenye enhle yonyaka, ngaphandle kwasekwindla lapho eba phuzi ngaphambi kokuwa.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

Yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okunikezwa kumamephu?

Ziyizitshalo ezinokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene:

Umhlobiso

Lezi zihlahla nezihlahlana zibukeka zizinhle ezingadini nasemasimini, inqobo nje uma isimo sezulu sisincane. Zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezibonelo ezizimele, yize zibonakala ngokuqondanisa, isibonelo, kumahedge amade. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezithile zezinto eziphilayo, njenge I-Acer palmatum, eyaziswa kakhulu emhlabeni webhonsai.

Okwezokwelapha

Ngobisi obukhishwe kufayela le- I-Acer saccharum futhi i I-Acer saccharinum (ngezinga elincane futhi le- I-Acer rubrum) kukhiqizwa isiraphu ye-maple, esetshenziselwa ukwenza amaswidi.

Madera

Izinkuni ongayisebenzisa ukwenza amalulwane e-baseball, ifenisha yasendlini, nokunye okunjalo.

Uphawu lukazwelonke

Singabona iqabunga le-maple ku- Ifulegi laseCanada, ikakhulukazi leyo I-Acer saccharum.

Yini ukunakekelwa kwemephu?

Uma unesibindi sokuba nekhophi, sincoma ukuthi uyinikeze lokhu kunakekelwa okulandelayo:

Indawo

Ziyizitshalo okufanele zibe njalo phesheyanjengoba bedinga ukuzwa ukudlula kwezinkathi. Beka emthunzini omncane.

Umhlaba

• Isibindi: iningi likhula enhlabathini ene-esidi noma ene-esidi encane, kepha i- I-Acer opalus subsp. garnet ithanda inhlabathi enamakhasi, futhi konke kudinga inhlabathi ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo kanye nemisele emihle.
• Imbiza yezimbali: gcwalisa nge-substrate yezitshalo ezinomsoco (ngaphandle kokuthi I-Acer opalus subsp. garnet, lapho-ke kuzoba ngcono ukusebenzisa i-substrate yendawo yonke).

Ukunisela

Abamelene nesomiso. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, futhi kuya ngesimo sezulu, bangadinga ukuchelelwa oku-3 noma okungu-4 ngesonto, kanti unyaka wonke cishe okungu-2 ngesonto. Uma ungabaza, unganqikazi ukuhlola umswakama wenhlabathi, ngoba amanzi amaningi nawo ayabalimaza.

Sebenzisa amanzi emvula noma i-lime.

Umbhalisile

Ngezinyanga ezifudumele kumele ikhokhwe ngomanyolo ophilayo, njenge isitibhili noma imbotshana.

Izihlahla

AbayidingiKepha ungasusa amagatsha owomile, agulayo futhi abuthaka ngasekupheleni kobusika.

Isikhathi sokutshala noma sokutshala kabusha

En intwasahlobo, lapho ingozi yeqhwa isidlulile.

Uma zifakwa ebhodweni, zitshala njalo eminyakeni emi-2-3.

Ukuphindaphinda

Amamephu ayanda ngo imbewu ekwindla-ebusika, ukusika ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nango egqinsiwe entwasahlobo-ehlobo.

Isibindi

Iningi limelana nesithwathwa lize lifike ku - 18ºC, kepha alikwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Okungenani, badinga ukuthi izinga lokushisa lehle ngaphansi kwezingu-0 degrees ebusika, kepha uma kunjalo, ukuze bakwazi ukuthatha lowo mbala omuhle wasekwindla esiwuthanda kakhulu, kungakuhle ukuwukhulisa ngezimbiza ezinengxube ka 70% akadama + 30% kiryuzuna, futhi ubavikele.ngelanga.

Ucabangani nge-maple? Unayo?