Siyini iseli lesitshalo futhi lineziphi izingxenye?

Akumangazi ukuthi sicabanga ukuthi izitshalo zingabantu, ngokusobala, ezinganyakazi nokuthi zihlala zicishe zifane. Ukuthi basabela kanjani ekuguqulweni kwesizini, kepha ... okunye okunye. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso ukuthi uma sithatha ingilazi elula yokukhulisa, noma sibeka amashidi ekukhanyeni, sizokuqonda lokho ngaphandle kweseli lesitshalo akekho noyedwa kubo obengaba nokuphila, futhi ebengeke abe yilokhu abayikho.

Emagxolo, emlenzeni wamahlamvu awo, emacembeni ezimbali,… kuzo zonke izingxenye zezitshalo kunamaseli. Kungenye yalezo zinto abafana ngazo nezilwane, nazo "ezakhiwe" ngezigidi zalezi zidalwa eziphilayo; Vele, okwethu kuhlukile ngoba thina, ngokwesibonelo, asidingi ukwenza i-photosynthesize. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye nokuthi inemisebenzi enjani?

Kuyini lokhu?

Ngikhumbula lapho ngisemncane okokuqala lapho ngibheka iqabunga. Angiqondile ukudlula eceleni kwaso bese ubheka ngokushesha, kepha kunalokho ukusondela kulesi sitshalo, ukusiphulula, ukuthinta inkemba yeqabunga, ukubona ukuma kwalo, umbala walo, nephunga lalo (lapho ngangingenayo, njengokujwayelekile njengoba ngithole ngokuhamba kwesikhathi). Kodwa ngangisafuna ukuqhubeka, futhi ngambuka ngengilazi yokukhulisa.

Kwangimangaza ukubona okwakungaphakathi kwakhe. Lezo zimo ezingunxande yizingqamuzana, okuyizo ezinikeza impilo. Kepha ziyini ngempela? Kanjalo, Angamaseli eukaryotic, okungukuthi, ane-cytoplasm ene-nucleus ehleleke kahle.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli ezitshalo

Amaseli ezitshalo ahlukaniswa ngezindlela eziningi ukuze afundwe kangcono futhi awaqonde:

Izinhlobo ngokuya ngezici zazo

• Amaseli eParenchyma, noma ngamanye amagama, amaseli anomsebenzi othile. Isibonelo, ukudlulisa amaseli kunesibopho sokuthuthwa komsoco futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kufaka isandla ku-photosynthesis. Lawa maseli anezindonga eziyinhloko ezincanyana nezingenayo, eziwavumela ukuba athuthe ama-molecule phakathi kwawo.
• Amaseli we-Collenchyma, noma ubhodisi. Yizo ezihlinzeka ngokuguquguquka, kokubili ezihlokweni nakuma-petioles nezinzwa zamaqabunga. Zikhona kuphela ezitshalweni ezisencane nezinomuthi.
• Amaseli we-Sclerenchyma noma amaseli aqinile. Basebenza njengokwesekwa kwemishini. Leli qembu lifaka ama-sclereid anodonga olujiyile kakhulu lweseli, futhi yilawo enza izicubu ezinezimpawu eziqine kakhulu.

Izinhlobo zezicubu zeseli

• Xylem: angamaseli anomumo omude, akhethekile ekuqhubeni amanzi.
• Phloem: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili, ishubhu yesihlungo, okuyishubhu eliqhubayo lezakhi zomzimba eziphilayo nezingaphili ezikhiqizwa indawo ye-photosynthetic yamaqabunga, namaseli ahlobene nayo.
• Okwe-epidermis: Angamaseli akhethekile amboza ingaphezulu lazo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, kepha lezo zezimpande zihluke kancane, ngoba azivikelwe yinoma yiluphi ungqimba olungaphezulu.

Yiziphi izingxenye zeseli lesitshalo? Nemisebenzi yayo?

Manje njengoba sesibonile ukuthi ayini amaseli ezitshalo, sekuyisikhathi ... sokujula kancane, kunjalo. Sekuyisikhathi sokwazi ukuthi yini izingxenye zayo, nokuthi yiziphi ezifeza ngayinye yazo:

Udonga lweseli

Kungumdonga othuthukisiwe onama-microsporophylls e-cellulose ahlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile. Yize ingavumeli ukukhula kwamaseli, iyavuma ingakhuphula idiphozi yakho yaleyo microfibrils yeselulose.

Ulwelwesi lwenuzi

Ungqimba oluncane kakhulu lwama-lipids lokho ihlukanisa i-nucleus ku-cytoplasm. Inemigodi emincane okuvunyelwa kuyo kokubili ukungena nokuphuma kwento ye-nucleus yeseli kuvunyelwe.

Ulwelwesi lwe-Plasma

Ungqimba lwangaphandle ukuthi imboza iseli lonke. Iqukethe ikakhulukazi i-lipids namaprotheni. Ebusweni bayo inezimbotshana ezincane ezibalulekile ukuthi zishintshanise izinto phakathi kweseli nendawo ezungezile.

Isibindi

Kuyinto isikhungo sokulawula yeseli, kanye nalolo oluqukethe yonke imininingwane yezofuzo esesimweni se-DNA, ebizwa nge-Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Ama-cytoskeleton

Uyena isekela futhi ibumbe iseli, nalowo ogcina ama-organelles asendaweni yawo efanele. Kepha hhayi lokho kuphela, kepha kungenelela futhi ekukhuleni kwamaseli, ukunyakaza nokuzala, nasekushintshaneni ngezinto nomhlaba wangaphandle.

I-Cytoplasm

Itholakala kulwelwesi lwe-plasma, ngaphandle kwe-nucleus. Iqukethe i-cytosol, i-organelles:

• I-endoplasmic reticulum: uhlelo lwezinambuzane ezizungeze i-nucleus. I-reticulum ebushelelezi ne-rough iyahlukaniswa. Yiyo ebhekele ukuhambisa ukuthuthwa kwezinto ngaphakathi kweseli, futhi ingenye yalabo ababamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwamaprotheni nama-lipids.
• ICytosol: eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cytoplasmic matrix, iwuketshezi olutholakala ngaphakathi kwamaseli.
• Ama-Plastids: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: eyinhloko, etholakala ezitshalweni eziningi, bese kuthi ezesibili, ezenzelwe iplankton kuphela. Akhiqiza futhi agcine izinto ezibalulekile zamakhemikhali ukuze kwenzeke i-photosynthesis, kepha futhi aphethe ukuhlanganisa ama-lipids nama-amino acid, anikeze imibala kwizithelo nezimbali, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi.
• Ama-leucoplasts: banesibopho sokugcina izinto ezingenambala nokuvumela ukuguqulwa kweglucose.
• AmaChromoplast: yilezo ezinikeza umbala ezingxenyeni zesitshalo.
• Ama-chloroplast: zingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ziguqula amandla eLanga abe ngamandla wamakhemikhali, nalezo eziqukethe i-chlorophyll, i-pigment eluhlaza isitshalo esinayo futhi ebalulekile kwinqubo i-photosynthesis.
• Mitochondria: ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, yizindlu ezinamandla zamaseli. Ziyi-organelles, ehlanganiswe ulwelwesi ezimbili, inesibopho sokuphefumula okwenziwa ngaso i-Adenosine Triphosphate noma i-ATP.
• Ama-Ribosomes: Ziyi-organelles enkulu equkethe uketshezi futhi izungezwe ulwelwesi lwe-vacuolar olubizwa nge-tonoplast.
• Vacuole: iyi-organelle enkulu, ezungezwe ulwelwesi lwe-tonoplast noma lwe-vacuolar. Yikho okwenza izicubu ziqine.
• Izinsiza zeGolgi: yakhiwe ngezikhwama ezicathulisiwe zalungiswa ngendlela ehlanganisiwe. Umsebenzi wawo ukuthumela izinto nge-plasma ulwelwesi.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kweseli lesilwane neseli lesitshalo?

Zombili zinezingxenye ezifanayo, njengoba ubona esithombeni ngenhla, kepha azifani. Empeleni, ingqamuzana lesilwane alinalo udonga lweseli noma ama-chloroplast, kepha kusekhona okuningi: ngenkathi imifino ine-vacuole enkulu enkabeni yayo, sinayo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, kepha incane.

Izitshalo azinawo ama-centrioles, okuyi-organelle enomsebenzi wayo ukwakheka nokuhlelwa kwama-chromosomes, kanti izilwane zenza.

Ukuqedela, sikushiya nale vidiyo lapho ungabona khona zonke izingxenye zamaseli ezitshalo: