Ithanga (Cucurbita)

Ithanga isitshalo esingesohlobo lweCucurbita. Yize ungamkhumbula ngeHalloween kuphela, lesi isitshalo esinomuthi olula ukukhula. Ngakho-ke, kusuka lapha sikukhuthaza ukuthi ukwenze ngoba ngokuqinisekile ngeke uzisole.

Ngemuva kwalokho uzothola izinhlobo ezinconywe kakhulu, izinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu nakho konke mayelana nokuthi ungazikhulisa kanjani futhi uzinakekele ukuthola isivuno esihle.

Umsuka nezimpawu zethanga

Ithanga isitshalo semvelo esikhuphukayo noma esikhuphukayo eMelika. Ine-tendrils, ngenxa yokuthi inganwetshwa kalula. Amaqabunga ngokuvamile ayindilinga, kwesinye isikhathi afakwa, aluhlaza ngombala. Izimbali azithandani, okungukuthi, kunezimbali zesilisa nezesifazane.

Futhi izithelo zawo yilokho esikwaziyo njengethanga, okubizwa ngamagama ezitshalo ukuthi yi-peponid. Ivuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekuqaleni kokuwa. Imvamisa yi-globose, kepha kuya ngohlobo lwayo ingahlulwa. Umbala nawo uyahlukahluka: kungaba owolintshi kuya kokuluhlaza okotshani.

Izinhlobo zamathanga

Igama lesayensi lethanga yiCucurbita, yize kuchazwa ngqo akulona igama, kepha uhlobo lohlobo lwebhodani olungokwalo. Lolu hlobo lubandakanya izinhlobo zezinhlobo, okulandelayo yikhona kutshalwa kakhulu:

ICucurbita ficifolia

Waziwa ngokuthi i-chilacayote, luhlobo lwethanga olukhula endle eNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zalo eziphakeme kakhulu ezishisayo. Iyakhasa futhi iba minyaka yonke (ihlala izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela), futhi inezinsipho ezimfishane nezibukhali ezihlokweni zayo. Isithelo yi-globose, esilinganisa cishe amasentimitha angama-50 ububanzi ngengxenye yokuphakama. Lokhu futhi kuluhlaza okunezindawo ezimhlophe.

ICucurbita maxima

Kuyinto ithanga elivamile, futhi enye yalawo asetshenziswa nge-Halloween. Yisitshalo esihambayo noma esikhuphukayo, esinamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza nezithelo ezithathwa njengezikhulu. ngoba akuyona kuphela uhlobo olukhiqiza izithelo ezinkulu kakhulu, kepha futhi sikhuluma ngeqiniso lokuthi zingaba nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-100.

ICucurbita moschata

Kuyaziwa njenge squash noma i-zucchini, futhi kuyisitshalo esingasatholakali emvelweni. Ukuma nombala wezithelo zawo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngembewu. Zinganwetshwa futhi zibe owolintshi ku-'Butternut ', noma i-globose, icwebe futhi ibe luhlaza e-'Yucateca'.

ICucurbita palmata

Saziwa njenge-coyote squash, siyisitshalo esihuquzelayo esidabuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States. Inamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, anamawebhu (ngakho-ke igama lawo), futhi Izithelo eziphuzi noma ezimnyama ezingadlekinjengoba zinambitheka kabi.

I-Cucurbita pepo

Kuyaziwa njengethanga, isikwashi sasebusika, nezinhlanyelo ezithile ezinjenge zucchini. Yisitshalo esinwabuzelayo esivela eTexas e-United States siye eMexico. Inamaqabunga aluhlaza, nezithelo ze-globose noma kwesinye isikhathi ezinwetshiwe zombala wewolintshi noma oluhlaza.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwethanga namathanga?

Njengokulangazelela, futhi ngaphambi kokudlulela ekulimeni, kuyathakazelisa ukusho lokho lapho sikhuluma ngamathanga imvamisa sisho izithelo zezinhlobo I-Cucurbita pepo, namathanga kulabo ICucurbita maxima. Kepha, empeleni, zonke izithelo zohlobo lweCucurbita zithola okungenani elilodwa lalawo magama ajwayelekile.

Ukukhula nokunakekela isikwashi

Ukuthola isivuno esihle samathanga kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izidingo ezibalulekile zesitshalo esifuna ukusitshala. Ukufeza lokho, sizochaza konke odinga ukukwazi ngakho:

Ukuhlwanyela

Imbewu yamathanga kufanele ihlwanyelwe ekuqaleni, entwasahlobo, futhi ikakhulukazi kumathileyi esithombo se-horticultural (njenge ukhona) nge-substrate ethile (iyathengiswa lapha). Kepha kubalulekile ukuthi kwenziwe uma amazinga okushisa esele ngaphezu kwama-15-18 degrees, ngoba sikhuluma ngesitshalo esizwelayo esibandayo.

Indawo

Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lesi sitshalo kufanele ibekwe endaweni enelanga. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ivezwe enkosini yenkanyezi ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi ikhula kahle, ngoba izoncika kuyo uma ingakhiqiza izithelo ezimnandi.

Inhlabathi noma i-substrate

Izithombo ezisanda kumila zamathanga kufanele zihlale embhedeni wembewu zize zivele ezimpandeni zamanzi. Lo mbhede wembewu kufanele ugcwaliswe ngenhlabathi ethize, njengoba siphawule ku-Ukuhlwanyela, noma ungasebenzisa futhi i-substrate engadini yasemadolobheni (kuyathengiswa lapha).

Uma sekuyisikhathi sokubayisa endaweni enkulu, okuhle ukuwatshala emhlabathini, ikakhulukazi uma kuyizithelo ezinkulu ezahlukahlukene. Umhlaba kufanele ucebe ngezinto eziphilayo futhi futhi kufanele ube nemisele emihle. ukuze izimpande zikwazi ukuphefumula futhi zikhule ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Ukunisela

Kufanele kube ngokulingene. Ayimelani nesomiso, ngakho-ke kuzofanele sinisele njengoba sibona ukuthi umhlaba uyoma. Ehlobo imvamisa izokuba phezulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo kanye / noma ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu somile khona.

Lapho ukuchelela kubalulekile ukungamanzisi isitshalo, ngoba uma kungenjalo singasha uma ilanga lisishaya ngaleso sikhathi noma singabola. Futhi, okuhle ukunisela ntambama, ukuze izimpande zibe nesikhathi esanele sokumunca amanzi.

Umbhalisile

Ukutshala izitshalo zesikwashi kunconywa kakhulu kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Kulokhu, kuzosetshenziswa umanyolo ophilayo, njenge-earthworm humus, umquba wezinkomo, umquba noma i-guano.

Izinambuzane

Ithanga lingahlaselwa izinambuzane eziningi ezahlukene, njenge ama-aphid, izimpukane ezimhlophe, abavukuzi bamaqabunga, ama-borer kanye nezibungu. Ngenhlanhla kunemikhiqizo eminingi yemvelo engasetshenziswa ukulwa nayo, njenge-diatomaceous earth noma i-potassium soap (iyathengiswa Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.).

Izifo

Isengozini yokubola okubangelwe yi- I-Phytopthora, i-Anthracnose ne-Fusarium. Ngakho-ke, gwema ukuchelela ngokweqile, futhi welaphe ngezikhunta ezifana nethusi.

Ukuvuna

Ithanga kuvunwe cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha emva kokuhlwanyela, lapho isifinyelele usayizi wokugcina nombala. Ukuthola ukuthi isilungile yini, singayicindezela kancane: uma siqaphela ukuthi iqala ukuthamba kancane, sekuyisikhathi sokuyisika.

Elinye iqhinga ukuyishaya ngamafinyela akho: uma uzwa umsindo ongenalutho, uphelele, ungaya nawo ekhishini lakho.

Ukulondolozwa kwamathanga

Ukuze ihlale isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, Kufanele uyigcine endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lihlala cishe ku-10 degrees Celsius, nokuthi yomile.

Ukusetshenziswa nezinzuzo

Isetshenziswa njengesitshalo se-horticultural, ngoba kuyadliwa. Zingavuthwa kuhhavini, zenziwe ngokhilimu noma amasoso, ama-purees, futhi kungenzeka nokuwudla usaladi.

Futhi, kunezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo, njengalezi:

• Kuyasiza ezimweni zokuqunjelwa.
• Kusisiza ukuba sibe nokuzivikela okuqinile.
• Kuyinto isisu.
• Ithuthukisa impilo yesikhumba neyamehlo.

Vele, futhi ineziphikisana ezithile. Futhi ngukuthi uma unenkinga yokungezwani komzimba nalesi sithelo akufanele usidle. Futhi, uma uvame ukuba nohudo, akufanele uzidle imbewu ngoba zine-fiber eningi futhi izimpawu ezihambisana nale nkinga, ezifana negesi noma ubuhlungu besisu, zingakhuliswa.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa ukuhlobisa, ngezinsuku ezinjenge-Halloween. Amathanga ambalwa ahlakazeke engadini noma kuvulandi abukeka emuhle. Ngakho-ke unganqikazi ukushiya ezinye ukuhlobisa.

Ucabangani ngethanga? Uyathanda?