+ 20 izihlahla ezingavamile ongazazi nakanjani

Ayikho ingadi ezwa iphelele ngaphandle kwezihlahla, noma ngabe ziyizihlahla zezithelo, zomthunzi, noma zokuhlobisa nje. Sijwayele ukubona njalo izinhlobo ezifanayo futhi lokho kusenza singazivami ngokujwayelekile, kepha kukhona zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla ezingandile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wakubona futhi wakushaya indiva ngisho nakanye.

Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngazo zombili ngezihlahla eziyivelakancane emhlabeni nangezihlahla ezinelukuluku enizibonile nakanye futhi ezikudonsele amehlo.

I-citrus medica var. i-sarcodactylis (isandla seLemon Buddha)

Okokuqala, okujwayelekile, i isandla sikaBuddha. Cishe uke wakubona kaningi ezindaweni zokugcina izingane, kepha ngabe uyakwazi lokho iyizinhlobonhlobo zesihlahla selamula sasendle? Ukusatshalaliswa kwasekuqaleni akwaziwa ngoba bekulinywe izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Yize intshisekelo yayo eyinhloko kithi ingumhlobiso, ibuye idliwe futhi e-Asia isetshenziselwa ukwelapha kwayo.

UFicus benghalensis (IBanyan noma i-Indian Strangler Fig)

Eningizimu yeSpain kuvame kakhulu ukutshala esinye isihlahla se-banyan, i- UFicus elastica, kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. UFicus benghalensis, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuvame ukubonwa njengesitshalo sendlu, yize ukunakekelwa kwayo kucishe kufane. Okucacile kwalolu hlobo lwe-ficus nesizathu sokuthi zibizwa nangokuthi izihlahla zomkhiwane eziklinyekile ukuthi zikhethekile ekutheni izilwane zidla izithelo zazo bese zifaka imbewu emiqhele yezinye izihlahla. Lapho nje zihluma, zikhula njengezitshalo ze-epiphytic (kodwa hhayi ama-parasites, njengoba abaningi bakholelwa) zize izimpande zazo zifinyelele emhlabathini, lapho ziqala ukuqina futhi zizungeze umuthi ezihlume kuwo, ziklinya ngokungayivumeli ikhule.

Okunye okuhlukile ukuthi njengoba zikhula babeka phansi izimpande zasemoyeni ezakha amakholomu wokusekela uma sebeshaye phansi. Lokhu kugqame kakhulu UFicus benghalensis, lapho endaweni yayo yemvelo eNdiya, lapho kubhekwa njengengcwele, isampula elilodwa lakha amahlathi. Ezinye izihlahla ze-banyan nazo zidume kakhulu, I-ficus yezenkolo y UFicus altissima ngoba eziningana zingabonakala zikhula emanxiweni ase-Asia.

UNuytsia floribunda (Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi sase-Australia)

Manje siya ku isihlahla se-parasitic sangempela, lo UNuytsia floribunda. Kubhekwa njengomdabu entshonalanga ye-Australia, lapho kukhula khona izibonelo zodwa. Isici salesi sitshalo, ngaphezu kokuba yisitshalo sesinambuzane esingabhekwa njengesihlahla, Esikhundleni sokukhubaza isitshalo esisodwa, sinomsuka omkhulu wezimpande ongena emakhulwini ezitshalo. (ngokuvamile i-herbaceous, njengotshani) yi-haustoria, yingakho ingafinyelela osayizi abakhulu. Kungashiwo futhi ukuthi yi-hemiparasiteokungukuthi, kumunca kuphela usawoti wamanzi namaminerali kubabungazi, kepha i-photosynthesis yenziwa yodwa.

I-Parasitaxus usta (I-Parasitic yew)

Ukuqhubeka nezinambuzane sizobona lesi sitshalo esiyingqayizivele. I-Parasitaxus usta iwukuphela kwesihlanganisi esinezinambuzane (Hhayi ukubala izipoki i-redwoods, okuyizinto eziguqukayo hhayi inhlobo enjalo). Kuyinto onsomi futhi ayinayo i-chlorophyll, ngoba iyi-parasite ephelele (idonsa konke kusuka kumsingathi). Ukwazi kuphela ukukhula ngaphansi kwelinye ilungu lomndeni wakhe (I-Podocarpaceae), Ama-taxoides e-Falcatifolium. Kepha ngokumangazayo, ayihlanganisi izimpande zayo ngokusebenzisa i-haustoria, kepha yakha i-mycorrhizae enesikhunta esifanayo neFalcatifolium ekhishwa ngaso, ibaphuce amanzi nezakhi zomzimba. Ikona kugcwele eNew Caledonia, isiqhingi sezitshalo ezingandile.

Kususwe i-Retrophyllum

Enye i-conifer yomndeni I-Podocarpaceae kusuka eNew Caledonia. Esimweni esinjalo, enye yama-conifers asemanzini ambalwa kakhulu, ngokukhula okuhamba kancane ngokweqile, amaqabunga afana nemimirtile kanye nesiqu samabhodlela cishe esingenamagatsha. Njengawo wonke lo mndeni, esikhundleni sokukhiqiza uphayinaphu, ukhiqiza izithelo zamanga ezifana nezomnqumo.

I-taxodium spp. (izihlahla zecypress ezinempandla)

Awukwazi ukukhuluma ngama-conifers asemanzini ngaphandle kokusho uhlobo lohlobo I-taxodium, ukuthi hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi zingakhula ngaphakathi emachibini kepha futhi ziyabulala. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ziyi-single-leved, futhi abakwenzayo ekwindla ukuphonsa amahlumela aphelele, okwenza kubonakale ukuthi amaqabunga awo ahlanganisiwe. Lolu hlobo lomndeni Unembeza Kungokwendabuko eNyakatho Melika futhi kunezinhlobo ezintathu, ezimbili zaseMelika kanti eyodwa iMexico:

• I-taxodium distichum, el i-marsh cypress, ilinywa kakhulu ngaphandle kwaseMelika, inamagatsha afana nalawo e-yews nokukhula kwepiramidi. Ingakhula nezimpande zicwile ngokuphelele ngoba yakha izakhiwo ezibizwa pneumatophores evumela umoya ukuba ufinyelele kubo.
• I-taxodium ascendens, i-cypress echibini, kubhekwa njengababhali abaningi yi-subspecies ye- T. distichum. Ukuma kwayo kufana kakhulu nokwangaphambilini, kepha amaqabunga ayo angama-squamiform esikhundleni sokunwebeka futhi amahlumela akhula ame mpo ngokuphelele.
• I-taxodium mucronatum (o T. huekeli), el ahuehuete, Yizinhlobo zaseMexico futhi yize ibekezelela inhlabathi enezikhukhula, ungakhethi ukuba ngqo emanzini ngoba ayinayo i-pneumatophores. Lezi zinhlobo zenza umsebenzi omkhulu wokuvimbela amanzi asuka emifudlaneni ekuthwaleni i-substrate evela ogwini. Isibonelo e-Oaxaca sithatha irekhodi lesihlahla esinesiqu esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

I-Araucaria spp.

Uhlobo lwe-conifers olunokubukeka kwesidala kakhulu, nezinhlobo zalo eziyi-19, eziyi-13 zigcwele eNew Caledonia. Banokukhula kwe-apical okuphawuleka kakhulu ngamagatsha we-lateral lateral ngokuvamile kanye kuphela, ngakho-ke banokukhula okuhlelekile. Amaqabunga awo anamathele ngokuphelele esiqwini futhi imvamisa amafushane, acabalele futhi abukhali. Ezindaweni ezisogwini kuvame kakhulu ukubona I-Araucaria heterophylla, nasezindaweni ezibandayo I-Araucaria araucana isetshenziswa kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezinamakhaza apholile futhi kulula ukuthola I-Araucaria angustifolia y I-Araucaria bidwillii. I-Araucaria cunninghamiana, uhlobo olufana nolwejwayelekile A. heterophylla kepha imelana kakhulu nokubanda, kwesinye isikhathi ithengiswa njenge-bonsai. Into enelukuluku ngakho konke lokhu ukuthi azikho kulezi zinhlobo ezivela eNew Caledonia, lapho kuzalwa khona uhlobo lohlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlobo ezikuleso siqhingi zishisa kakhulu futhi zithambile futhi akuvamisile ukuthi zikufanele ukutshalwa.

IPodocarpus spp.

Lolu hlobo lwama-conifers lungolunye lwelukuluku kunabo bonke, ngoba ekuboneni kokuqala kubonakala ngathi ngaphezulu ukuthi ahlobene nemyrry noma i-boxwood. Zinamaqabunga amakhulu, ayisicaba, nalokho okubonakala kuyi-petiole. Imbewu yayo inelukuluku lokwazi, ngoba imvamisa iyadalulwa, nge-aril enemibala egqamile lapho kuhlangana khona nesiqu. Lokhu kubenza babukeke njengomnqumo kanye nejikijolo elixhunywe ku-toothpick. Ngokuyinhloko ama-conifers asezindaweni ezishisayo, ngohlobo olulodwa kuphela, I-Podocarpus macrophyllus, elibekezelela iqhwa kahle. Akunzima ukuthola izitshalo zalolu hlobo ezinkulisa, kepha zivame ukuthengiswa njenge-bonsai.

IDracophyllum spp.

Ekuboneni kokuqala lezi zihlahla zibonakala zivela emndenini wakwaBromeliaceae, kepha akukho okungaba kude neqiniso. Yize noma ngubani engasho ukuthi lezi zingoma, lezi zihlahla ezingavamile empeleni bangabomndeni we-heather ne-blueberry, U-Ericaceae. BaseNew Zealand, e-Australia futhi kunjalo, I-Caledonia entsha. Izinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu nezifunwa kakhulu ngabaqoqi yiDracophyllum traversii, ekhula ibe yisihlahla esikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa futhi iyabekezelela amakhaza. Ukubukeka kwabo kwangaphambi komlando kwenza abantu abaningi bawafune, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuzithola nokuqhubeka uphila.

I-Richea pandanifolia

Esinye isitshalo se- umndeni u-Ericaceae lokho kubukeka njenge-monocot. Eqinisweni, i-pandanifolia isho amaqabunga e-pandanus, i-monocot ye-arborescent ehlobene kakhulu nemithi yesundu. Kulokhu inokukhula okuqondile kuphela futhi ngaphandle kwamagatsha, okwenza inzalo enkulu kakhulu phakathi kwabaqoqi. Lokhu kuvamile ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseTasmania, ngakho-ke yize ibekezelela amakhaza, ayihambisani nokushisa. Lokhu kwenza kube yinselelo yangempela ukukwenza.

ICoreopsis gigantea (i-arboreal daisy)

Ngaphezu kwesihlahla, siyisihlahlana ngenxa yobukhulu obutholayo (akuvamile ukudlula u-2m), kepha ukubukeka kwaso kungokomuthi omncane. Into ehlekisayo ukuthi ngesinye sezitshalo ezimbalwa ezingezona ezishisayo zomndeni omncane womndeni I-Asteraceae lokho kuzuza usayizi we-arboreal. Okungukuthi, kungumuthi omncane onezimbali ezingama-daisy. Lokhu ikakhulukazi owokuzalwa eCalifornia naseBaja California, futhi inokukhula okuhamba kancane. Lokhu kwenza ama-daisy emithi yohlobo lohlobo sonchus okwandile kumaCanaries kufunwa kakhulu ngabaqoqi, ngoba bakhula ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile, zonke izitshalo ze-arboreal zomndeni wakwaCompositae zingathathwa njengezihlahla ezingavamile.

I-Echinops longisetus - ikhakhasi lesihlahla

Olunye uhlobo lwe-arboreal lwesitshalo ngokuvamile olunobuthi, kulokhu i-africana, futhi evela emndenini I-Asteraceae. Ungawucabanga nje umuthi okhula amila okhunini olusontekile? Yilesi sitshalo, esidala ndawonye izihlahla ezithile ezingavamile kakhulu. Yize isiteleka kakhulu, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yamaqabunga aso kanye nendlela esikhula ngayo, kepha futhi nangenxa yezimbali, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi sikuthengise.

ILeucadendron argenteum (umuthi wesiliva)

Kimi, esinye sezihlahla eziyivelakancane nezinhle kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kugcwele eningizimu ne-afrika. Ubulili I-Leucadendron ingeyomndeni I-Proteaceae, omunye wemindeni yakudala yama-dicot. Okuthile okufuna ukwazi kakhulu ngalezi zitshalo ukuthi kukhona izihlahla zesilisa nezinsikazi ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ezesilisa zinokukhula okuyindilinga okunemibala egqame kakhulu. Ezesifazane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinokukhula okunamandla nemibala e-duller, eseduze nohlaza olujwayelekile. Umthengisi omkhulu kunabo bonke I-Leucadendron 'i-safari sunset', lapho amagatsha asikiwe athengiswa khona ukuze ahlelwe ngezimbali (futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuwasusa). ILeucadendron argenteum Ngakolunye uhlangothi, cishe akukaze kubonwe ukudayiswa futhi ngikubheka njengesitshalo esithakazelisa kakhulu ukuba naso ezingadini zethu.

I-Dendrosenecio kilimanjari (i-arboreal senecio)

AmaSenecio yizitshalo ezaziwayo, kungaba ngezinhlobo zayo ezinomsoco noma izinhlobo zalo ezibabayo eziziphatha njengokhula. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kwenziwa isihlahla esinamagatsha amancane, inamaqabunga amakhulu kakhulu nesiqu esijijile esinelukuluku kakhulu, esinamagatsha amahle. Awusoze wazibona usengadini ngenxa yezidingo zakho: Ukuba isitshalo sezintaba eziphakeme, kudinga amazinga okushisa angadluli u-25ºC ngobusuku obubandayo nomswakama ophezulu.. Uma uthola inkulisa ethengisa USenecio i-kilimanjaro, empeleni lokho akuthengisayo kuyisiphuzo esimnandi esincane, uhlobo lwe Izinyoka zikaSenecio etholwe eKilimanjaro, akukho lutho oluphathelene nalesi sihlahla.

ICussonia paniculata

Isihlahla esinesiqu esikhulu kakhulu kanye namagxolo aqhephukile omndeni I-Araliaceae (ivy), evela eningizimu ye-Afrika. Amaqabunga ayo ahlanganiswe namasundu nokwakheka kwesiqu kwawo kunikeza ukubukeka okumangazayo okwenza kube ukwengeza okuhle ezingadini zasogwadule ezimweni ezomile ezineqhwa. Inama-subspecies amabili, elinye linamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi elinye linamaqabunga aluhlaza ama-lobes amakhulu. Lapho ikhule isuselwa enzalweni, yakha i-caudex eyenza ukuthi isiteleke nakakhulu. Kunzima ukukuthola ezinkulisa, kepha amakhasi amaningi e-web athengisa imbewu. Zonke izinhlobo ICussonia Yakhiwe ngezihlahla ezingandile, kepha lolu hlobo lwesilwane lungesinye seziteleka kakhulu.

I-Pseudopanax ferox

Esinye sezihlahla ezingavamile ze- umndeni Araliaceae, ngalesi sikhathi kusuka e-Australia. Inokukhula okungajwayelekile, kuqala ngokukhula okuqonde mpo okunamaqabunga ansundu, alinganiselwe, acwebezelayo futhi aqinile ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kweminyaka engaba ngu-20, lapho idlula cishe u-3m ukuphakama iqala ukuba negatsha nayo ebanzi, ethambile, namaqabunga angenazimpiko. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi siyashintshwa ukugwema ukudliwa yimoas, izinyoni ezinkulu ezifana ne-emus esanda kucima. Njengengane, inokubonakala kwesitshalo esifile esingathandeki, futhi lapho sidlula ukuphakama lapho ama-moas afinyelela khona, sikhula ngokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungezwe ekumelaneni kwayo namakhaza kwenza isitshalo esifunwa kakhulu ngabaqoqi. Itholakala kalula, yize ngamanani athile aphezulu.

U-Eucalyptus deglupta (Uthingo lukagamthilini)

Ugamthilini eyaziwa kahle futhi efunwa ngemibala yesiqu sayo. Yiyona kuphela i-eucalyptus e-autochthonous enyakatho ye-hemisphere, futhi ikhula ezindaweni zehlathi. Lokhu kuletha nenkinga okuyiyona impela i-eucalyptus engabandi kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, kukhona okubambile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lesi sitshalo asithengiswa ezindaweni zokugcina izingane, kufanele uthenge imbewu, ngenhlanhla ekhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi abantu basebenzise ithuba bese bebacela amanani entengo eyeqile kubo emakhasini okuthengisa asekhulile. Hlala ukhumbula lokho cishe zonke izithombe ezikwi-Intanethi zalesi sitshalo zihleliwe, ngokuqhathanisa okuphakanyisiwe. Imibala yayo iyamangalisa, kepha akukho ndawo esondele ngokucace njengoba ibonakala ezithombeni eziningi. Umbala waso wangempela ngulowo wesithombe esisibeke lapha.

UDidierea madagascariensis

Lapha singafaka wonke amafayela we- umndeni I-Didiereaceae, umndeni kugcwele eMadagascar isondele kakhulu ku-cacti, kepha kusuka kumaqabunga ayo ama-areo esikhundleni ameva akhula. Lo mndeni wakhiwe ngezinye zezihlahla eziyivelakancane futhi eziyinqaba ngokubukeka. Le nhlobo ikakhulukazi inezinsalela ekugcineni kwamagatsha amahle lapho kuvela khona inqwaba yamaqabunga afana nenaliti, afana nalawo ezihlahla zikaphayini. La ma-areola azungezwe izipikha eziqhamuka esiqwini. Ukukhula kwakhe kujwayelekile emndenini, amagatsha amaningi aminyene aphuma phansi futhi akhuphuke amamitha amaningana cishe ngokungavumeli. Azisetshenziswa kakhulu engadini ngokungafani I-Alluaudia procera, olunye uhlobo lomndeni wayo oluvame kakhulu.

I-Fouquieria spp. (i-ocotillos)

Lolu hlobo olomndeni I-Fouquieriaceae kufaka phakathi izitshalo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu, zonke ezomdabu ku- izingwadule eziseningizimu yeNyakatho Melika. Iningi lizihlahlana ezinamanzi amnandi, kepha kufaka izinhlobo ezimbili ezivelele kwezinye:

I-Fouquieria iyakhazimula: I-ocotillo, isihlahlana se-caudiciform esinamagatsha amaningi amile mpo avela phansi. Inamaqabunga kuphela emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kwezimvula, unyaka wonke ubukeka njengezinti ezomile. Ukumelana kakhulu namakhaza, kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala ezingadini zasogwadule, kepha ayisetshenziswa kabanzi njengoba umuntu angalindela ukubheka ukubukeka kwayo.

I-Fouquieria columnaris: Ikhandlela, isihlahla esimnandi ukukhula kancane kakhulu. Ifinyelela cishe ku-10m, kepha kungathatha iminyaka engama-500 ukufinyelela lokho kuphakama. Yiba ne- isiqu esikhulu futhi esingaxakile neze (noma esingagxiliwe) isiqu esikhulu esinamahlumela amaningi amahle kakhulu asemuva lokho kukhulisa kuphela unyaka obakhipha ngaphandle. Ngemuva kwesomiso esikhulu bavame ukugoba, ngoba isakhiwo sabo sangaphakathi sidinga ukugcwaliswa ngamanzi ukuze sihlale siqinile. Ayimelani kakhulu emakhazeni, ayijwayele ukusetshenziswa engadini ngenxa yokukhula kwayo kancane.

IBanksia spp.

Lezi zitshalo ze Umndeni wakwaProteaceae zigcwele kusuka e-Australia, lapho bakha khona amahlathi. Kulesi sakhi kukhona izihlahla, izihlahlana nezitshalo ezinwabuzelayo, ezinamaqabunga azo zonke izinhlobo, kepha ezihlala ziba ne-sclerophyllous (hard). Amagxolo abo awugqinsi abenza bakwazi ukumelana nemililo cishe engenawo umonakalo. Esinye isici esithakazelisa kakhulu salezi zitshalo ukuqhakaza kwazo. Bakha uhlobo lwe Uphayinaphu omkhulu ogcwele izimbali ngokuphelele. Azisetshenziswa kangako engadini njengoba umuntu engalindela, futhi kungenxa yohlobo lwempande anazo, cha sekela inhlabathi nge-phosphorus noma ukuhlaselwa kwe- I-Phytophthora spp. 

UWollemia nobilis

Isithombo sase-Australia se- umndeni I-Araucariaceae engozini yokuqothulwa. Abaningi basibheka njengesinye sezihlahla eziyivelakancane emhlabeni. Inokukhula okudala ngokwedlulele, ngesiqu esikhulu esime mpo lapho kuvela khona amagatsha amafushane futhi avundle ngokuphelele angaphinde abe yigatsha. Izigaxa zabesilisa nabesifazane zivela ekugcineni kwala magatsha. Wayesengcupheni yokuqothulwa, enezinhlobo zokuphila zabantu abadala ezingaphansi kwe-100 endaweni encane kakhulu, kepha ukusikwa kanye nembewu kwathunyelwa ezingadini zezitshalo emhlabeni wonke futhi kuzo isibe isitshalo esivame kakhulu (yize kubiza kakhulu) ezinkulisa zabaqoqi. Udinga i-substrate ene-asidi ngokweqile futhi ayinakho ukuzivikela ngokumelene ne-phytophthora, ngakho-ke inhlabathi ayikwazi ukushiywa idonsa.

Futhi yilokho kuphela. Ngiyethemba ukuthandile ukukhethwa kwethu kwezihlahla ezingavamile nokuthi ufunde okuthile. Eziningi zalezi zingatholakala kalula, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuzama ukukhulisa ezinye… qhubeka!