Izihlahla ze-Prunus, ezinhle kakhulu eziqhakazayo

Ezindaweni ezishisayo banenhlanhla ngokwedlulele yokuba nezinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla ezinezimbali ezinhle kakhulu; Kodwa-ke, yize ezindaweni ezifudumele singenakho okuningi, kunezitshalo ezithile okuthi, lapho izimbali zazo zinquma ukuhluma, zibe ngumbukwane wemvelo oyiqiniso. Esinye sezihlahla ezinhle kakhulu yi Prunus.

Akunandaba ukuthi luhlobo luni, iyi- isitshalo esingaba naso ekhoneni elihle lomthunzi nenjabulo enkulu entwasahlobo. Njengokungathi lokho bekunganele, kunezinhlobo eziningana esingasithambisa ngazo isisu. Ngakho-ke, uma sibheka konke lokhu, asikwazanga ukuyeka ukubhala i-athikili ekhethekile enalo lonke ulwazi ngaye, iPrunus.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Prunus nezici

I-protagonist yethu iyinhlobo yezihlahla ezivundile ngokuvamile noma izihlahlana (zilahlekelwa amaqabunga ekwindla-ebusika bese zihluma futhi entwasahlobo) okungezomndeni wezitshalo iRosaceae. Zikhula ngokwemvelo ezifundeni ezipholile emhlabeni jikeleleikakhulukazi evela eYurophu nase-Asia. Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziyi-100 ezamukelwe kwezingu-700 ezichazwe, ezinezici ezilandelayo:

• Kushiya: okunye, okulula, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi okuvame ukufuthwa.
• Izikhukhula: i-hermaphrodites, yodwa, i-fasciculate noma i-umbelliform cymes (i-inflorescence enezimbali zazo ezilingana nobude obufanayo) noma i-racemiform (i-inflorescence enesiqu esikhulu sembali lapho kuvela khona ezinye lapho izimbali zihluma khona) . Zimhlophe noma zipinki ngombala.
• Izithelo: yi-drupe lapho kutholakala khona imbewu eyodwa noma ezimbili. Inyama noma uginindela ozivikelayo kuvamise ukudliwa (blackthorn, plum), kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyomile (i-almond).
• Imbewu: zikala phakathi kuka-1 no-2cm, zinesikhumba esingaphezulu noma esincane, umbala onsundu ngokukhanyayo.

Ngaphakathi kohlobo kunezinhlayiya eziyisithupha, okuyilezi:

• i-amygdalus (ipentshisi ne-alimondi): anamahlumela axillary ngamaqembu amathathu.
• Amakhamera (i-cherry): inamahlumela wodwa ama-axillary, nembewu ebushelelezi.
• I-Laurocerassus: sihlala siluhlaza (sihlala siluhlaza unyaka wonke), futhi sinamahlumela wodwa axillary. Imbewu yayo iyashelela.
• I-Lithocerasus (izihlahla ze-cherry zemifino): zinamahlumela axillary ngamaqembu amathathu, nembewu ebushelelezi.
• UPadus: bane-inflorescence yamaqoqo, amahlumela wodwa ama-axillary nama-pods abushelelezi.
• Prunus (ibhilikosi noma ibhilikosi, neplamu): zinamahlumela e-axillary ahlala wodwa, nama-pod pods wembewu.

Izinhlobo eziningi ezitshaliwe emhlabeni

Ukuhlobisa

I-Prunus cerasifera  

Kuyinto a isihlahla esinqumayo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-garden plum, i-cherry yokuhlobisa noma i-cherry-plum, edabuka enkabeni nasempumalanga yeYurophu. Ikhula iye ekuphakameni okuphezulu de 15m. Amaqabunga awo abukisa kakhulu, ngoba anombala onsundu omuhle kakhulu obomvu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, yize kuhlwanyelwa njengomhlobiso, kuyisitshalo esinezithelo ezidliwayo. Eqinisweni, ungenza ujamu nazo. Futhi uma lokhu kungagcini kukuthakazelisa kuwe, sitshele lokho imelana nokubanda kuze kube -7ºC.

IPrunus cerasifera var. phumzi

Kuyinto ehlukahlukene I-Prunus cerasifera eyaziwa njengeplamu elinombala onsomi odabuka ePersia. Imayelana ne- isihlahla esinqumayo lokho kukhula phakathi 6 no 15 amamitha Mude.

I-Prunus laurocerassus

Eyaziwa ngamagama iRoyal Laurel, uCherry Laurel noma iLauroceraso, iyi- isihlahlana esikhulu noma isihlahla esincane esihlala siluhlaza engafinyelela ukuphakama Amamitha ayi-10. Iqhakaza entwasahlobo futhi, uma izimo zilungile, nayo ingakwenza lokho ekwindla.

Kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengothango noma ukugcwalisa izikhala. Kuyisitshalo esibekezelela ukuthena kahle kakhulu, futhi simelana namakhaza kuze kube -10ºC.

I-Prunus lusitanica

Eyaziwa njenge-Azarero, uLaurel de Portugal, uLoro noma uPalo de loro, lokhu kuyi- i-evergreen shrub noma isitshalo se-arboreal efinyelela kubude obufinyelela ku Amamitha angu-8 owazalelwa ePortugal, eCanary Islands naseNyakatho Afrika. Izimbali zayo zincane kodwa ziningi kakhulu, zimhlophe futhi zinamakha.

Kumelana namakhaza kuze kube -10ºC.

prunus mahaleb

I-Saint Lucia Cherry iyi- isihlahla noma isihlahla odabuka eNyakatho Afrika, nasenkabeni naseningizimu yeYurophu efinyelela ku ukuphakama kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-10. Izimbali ezimhlophe ezikhiqizayo zihlobisa kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zinikeza umthunzi omuhle kakhulu.

Simelana kuze kube -7ºC.

Prunus umyeni

I-Apricot yaseJapan noma i-Chinese Plum iyi- isihlahla esinqumayo odabuka eChina okwathi ngemuva kokuyiswa eKorea naseJapan, wakwazi ukwenziwa umkhuba kula mazwe. Ifinyelela ubude obufinyelela ku Amamitha angu-10. Ikhiqiza izimbali ezinhle kakhulu, yingakho isetshenziswa ngaphezu kwakho konke njengomhlobiso; Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuthiwe isithelo siyadliwa, kepha sinambitheka obabayo.

Simelana kuze kube -7ºC.

I-Prunus padus

I-cluster cherry, i-cherry noma i-alder, i-cerisuela noma i-pado cherry iyi isihlahla esinqumayo ongowokuzalwa emahlathini aswakeme aseYurophu, eNtshonalanga ye-Asia naseNyakatho Afrika elikhula liye phezulu 6-7 amamitha. Izimbali zayo ezimhlophe ezimhlophe zihlelwe ngamaqoqo amade, alenga, okunika isitshalo ukubukeka okumangalisayo.

Kumelana namakhaza kuze kube -7ºC.

I-Prunus serrulata

Kwaziwa kangcono njenge i-japanese cherry noma i-cherry yaseJapan, iyi- isihlahla esinqumayo ongowokuzalwa eJapan, Korea naseChina okhula ufike kubude obude 6-7 amamitha. Ingenye yezinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba lapho iqhakaza amagatsha ayo afihlwa ngemuva kwamaqabunga futhi kubonakala sengathi inesiqu nezimbali kuphela.

Melana kuze kube yilapho i- -15ºC.

I-Prunus serrulata 'Kanzan'

Kuyinto enhlobonhlobo yama-cherry aseJapan aseJapan, China naseKorea akhula abe amamitha ayi-6-9. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga, kuhluma inani elikhulu lezimbali ezimhlophe noma ezibomvana.

Ukulima

UPrunus armeniaca

Isihlahla se-apricot, esaziwa nangokuthi i-apricot, i-apricot, i-apricot noma i-albergero, yi-a isihlahla esinqumayo owokuzalwa eChina, eTurkey, e-Iran, e-Armenia, e-Azerbaijan naseSyria okhula ube yinde 3-6 amamitha. Izimbali zimhlophe, kanti isithelo siyi-drupe edliwayo edliwa isisha, futhi isetshenziselwa nokwenza ujamu.

Kumelana namakhaza kuze kube -10ºC.

IPrunus avium

El okusamathunduluka Kuyinto a umuthi wezithelo onqabile ongowokuzalwa eYurophu naseNtshonalanga ye-Asia. Ikhula ibe ngamamitha angama-30 ukuphakama, noma kulinywa akuvunyelwe ukudlula I-6-7m. Izimbali zinombala omuhle omhlophe, kepha ngaphandle kokungabaza okuheha ukunakwa kakhulu yizithelo zaso: ama-cherries, angadliwa esanda kusuka esitshalweni, ujamu, nogologo wenziwa ngawo nawo abizwa nge-maraschino.

Simelana kuze kube -15ºC.

IPrunus domestica

Iplamu yi- isihlahla esinqunyiwe esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 ubude owazalelwa eYurophu nasentshonalanga ye-Asia. Kungumuthi omuhle ongasetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ingadi kanye nensimu yezithelo, ngoba izimbali zawo ziyamangalisa futhi izithelo zawo zinokunambitheka okumnandi, kangangoba zidliwa zisemasha kanye nakumajusi noma ujamu.

Simelana kuze kube -12ºC.

I-Prunus insititia

AmaPrunus insititia, ogama lakhe lesayensi ngu I-Prunus domestica subsp. isikhungo, yizinhlobonhlobo zeplamu eyaziwa ngokuthi iplamu yasendle, iplamu yedamascene, iplamu yaseDamaseku noma owomdabu waseSyria omkhulu. Ihlukile esihlahleni se-plum nge izithelo, amancane, nangenxa yombala wesikhumba sawo, asukela kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kwele-indigo.

I-Prunus dulcis

El i-alimondi lincane isihlahla esinqumayo Ekuqaleni ivela ezifundeni ezinezintaba zase-Asia Ephakathi, ikwazile ukwenziwa kube semvelo eMedithera. Finyelela ubude obukhulu Amamitha ayi-5. Izithelo zawo, ama-alimondi, zidliwa zintsha, kungaba ngophudingi noma njengokudla okulula.

Simelana kuze kube -5ºC.

I-Prunus persica

Isihlahla sepentshisi noma sepentshisi i- isihlahla esinqumayo odabuka eChina, e-Afghanistan nase-Iran. Ifinyelela ubude be- 6-8 amamitha. Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuhluma kwamahlamvu, kuhluma izimbali ezinhle ezibomvana, okwenza kube yisihlahla esihle sensimu ... kodwa futhi nesihlahla sengadi, ngoba izithelo zaso zimnandi futhi zingadliwa zisentsha.

Simelana kuze kube -7ºC.

I-Prunus spinosa

I-Blackthorn Yisihlahlana esinameva nesinameva esikhula size sifike kumamitha ama-4 ukuphakama odabuka e-Europe. ESpain yaziwa nangokuthi i-sloe noma i-arañón ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nenhlonhlo, futhi njenge-Abruños noma i-Ameixa Brava ezindaweni zaseGalicia. Izithelo zayo zicebile nge-fiber, futhi futhi zingumthombo omuhle kakhulu we-potassium, i-iron ne-calcium. Zingadliwa zintsha, kepha futhi zenze ujamu, amajeli kanye nokulungiselela i-pacharán.

Imelana nokubanda nesithwathwa kuze kufike -10ºC.

Uzinakekela kanjani?

Ngemuva kokubona izimangaliso eziningi kangaka, uzizwa unaso, akunjalo? Kepha, ukuze ube nempilo ephelele kufanele wazi izinto ezithile ukuze ukwazi ukubanikeza ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu, okuyizinto engizokutshela zona manje:

• Indawo: yizitshalo okufanele zibe ngaphandle, elangeni eligcwele. Uma nje ufuna isihlahla sama-cherry saseJapan futhi uhlala esifundeni saseMedithera (noma ngesimo sezulu esifanayo), ngincoma ukusibeka emthunzini omncane ukuze singabi nesikhathi esibi ehlobo.
• Imvamisa: kufanele ibe nepayipi elihle kakhulu, njengoba lizwela ukubola kwezimpande. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ine-pH engathathi hlangothi noma ene-asidi (6-6,5).
• Ukunisela: njalo. Kunezinhlobo ezithile, njengeP. Dulcis, ezithwala isomiso esincane, kepha zizokhula kangcono kakhulu uma ziniselwa amahlandla ama-3-4 ngesonto phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele futhi kancane kancane unyaka wonke.
• Isikhathi sokutshala: ngasekupheleni kobusika, ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga ahlume.
• Ukuphindaphinda: ngezimbewu (ukuhlwanyela ngqo) noma ngokusika okungaba ngu-40cm ubude entwasahlobo.
• Umbhalisile: umanyolo unyaka wonke ngama-organic fertilizer, afana nomquba noma ukusakazwa kwezikelemu.
• Izihlahla: kungakuhle ukuthi uwuthene, ikakhulukazi ama-horticultural, ukulawula ubude bawo ekupheleni kobusika. Kufanele ususe amagatsha owomile, agulayo futhi abuthakathaka, futhi usike lawo akhula kakhulu.
• Izinambuzane: ama-mealybugs, ama-borer, ama-defoliator amabhu nama-aphid okufanele aphathwe ngemithi ethile yokubulala izinambuzane.
• Izifo:
  • I-Canker: amagatsha ashesha ngokushesha ngaphandle kwesizathu. Singelashwa nge-Fosetil-Al, kepha uma lesi sifo sithuthuke kakhulu kungcono ukususa isitshalo bese ubulala amagciwane ngomhlabathi ngokusebenzisa i-solarization, isibonelo.
  • Ifindo elimnyama: izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ukukhula okungajwayelekile, okuyihaba nokwentekenteke kwamagatsha neziqu. It ikakhulukazi kuthinta plums. Kungelashwa ngokusika ingxenye enempilo nokufaka unama wokupholisa. Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukwenza okungenani umuthi owodwa nge-fungicide esekwe ethusi.

Ucabangani ngoPrunus? Kuhle, akunjalo?