Emhlabeni kunezitshalo eziningi kakhulu, ukuze kuqondwe kangcono ukuziphendukela kwazo futhi zikwazi ukuzifunda ngendlela elula, okwenziwe kwaba ukuhlukanisa ngemindeni yezitshalo. Ngaphakathi kwalawa maqembu noma imindeni kufakwe izinhlobo zezitshalo ezabelana ngezici eziyisisekelo, ezinjengohlobo lweqabunga nembali, indawo yokuhlala akhula kuyo, njalonjalo. Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu yileyo eyaziwa ngokuthi Liliaceae.
Lelo gama lingakukhumbuza elinye, ngeminduze (iLilium), futhi ngesizathu esihle. Eqinisweni, lezi zitshalo eziyizigaxa ziyingxenye yomndeni. Kepha akubona bodwa. Zazi.
Yiziphi izici zeLiliaceae?
Kuluhlu lwezitshalo ezinama-herbaceous, ezivame ukuba ne-bulbous noma, okungajwayelekile, i-rhizomatous, okuyiyo imvamisa zikhiqiza izimbali ezinkulu zemibala yokubukisa, enamacembe ayisithupha, ama-stamens ayisithupha kanye ne-ovary eyodwa eqoqwe kuma-inflorescence asemaphethelweni. Amaqabunga ayavunguza noma ashintshwe, ahlelwe ngenye indlela, alula futhi anemithambo ehambisanayo.
Izithelo zingamaphilisi, noma amajikijolo angavamile. Ngaphakathi aqukethe imbewu eyisicaba, emise okwe-disk noma i-globose. Kodwa-ke, ekulimeni bakhiqiza kuphela ucansi (besebenzisa imbewu yabo) lapho bebheka ukudala izinhlobo ezintsha, noma lapho ufuna ukuthola ulwazi lokunakekela imnduze kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukuzala
Izitshalo ezinama-bulbous zikhiqiza 'ama-bulbs amancane' ngemuva kokuqhakaza. Lokhu, okufinyelela usayizi okungenani wamasentimitha ayi-1-2, kungahlukaniswa nesitshalo sikamama (noma ukucaciswa, kusuka ku-'bulb-mama ') bese kutshalwa kwezinye izimbiza noma kwezinye izindawo zensimu.
Futhi uma kwenzeka ukuthi okufunayo ukwahlukanisa i-rhizomatous, siqhubeka nokuzikhipha enhlabathini noma ezitsheni ekwindla noma ebusika, inqobo nje uma zisesikhathini esigcwele sokuphumula, hlanza izimpande ngamanzi amancane, bese uzisika ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ucezu ngalunye lunenani lokukhula okungenani elilodwa (ukuqhubekisela phambili, okuyothi ngawo amaqabunga ahlume)
Imindeni engezansi yeLiliaceae
Ezintathu zikhonjwe:
- I-Lilioideae: ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezinobuningi ezineziqu ezilula namaqabunga anemithambo ehambisanayo. Izimbali zinkulu kanti isithelo siyisigaxa esinembewu eyisicaba. Izibonelo: I-Lilium noma UFritillaria.
- I-Calochortoideae: Ziyizitshalo ezinamaqabunga ezinzwa zazo zihlelwe ngendlela efanayo, futhi zikhiqiza izimbali ezinkulu ngaphandle kwesitayela noma ngesifushane kakhulu. Isithelo yi-capsule. Izibonelo: Calochortus noma Prosartes.
- I-Medeoloideae: ngumndeni omncane wezitshalo ezikhiqiza imbewu enestriya eyakhiwe yizinhlobo ezimbili: IClintonia neMedeola.
Zivelaphi?
Izinhlobo zemindeni yaseLiliaceae zingabokuzalwa ezifundeni ezinamazinga okushisa asenyakatho nenkabazwe, kepha ziningi kakhulu eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia. Bahlala ezimfundeni, ezigqokwa entwasahlobo ngayinye enezimbali ezinhle ezizopholishwa impova yizinyosi, izimvemvane nezinye izinambuzane ezidla impova noma umpe.
Izibonelo ezi-5 zezitshalo emndenini weLiliaceae
Ngakho-ke ungabona ukuthi zinjani lezi zitshalo, nazi izibonelo:
I-Lilium candidum
Kuyaziwa njenge Umnduze noma umnduze, ungowokuzalwa ngobudlova eSyria nasePalestine. Kusuka ku-bulb yayo kuhluma isiqu semifino esine-lanceolate namaqabunga aluhlaza afinyelela kumitha elilodwa ukuphakama, futhi kusukela ekugcineni kwawo izimbali ziyavela njalo entwasahlobo. Lezi zimhlophe, ama-hermaphrodites, futhi akhiqize umpe. Isithelo lesi siyisigaxa esinembewu ensundu ngokukhanyayo.
I-Fritillaria imperialis
Waziwa ngokuthi i- umqhele wobukhosi, ungowokuzalwa ngobuningi e-Iran, e-Afghanistan, ePakistan, eTurkey naseHimalaya. Iziqu zayo ezibabayo zifinyelela ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-1, bese kuvela amaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aluhlaza. Izimbali zivela entwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli-Meyi enyakatho yezwe, futhi zibomvu, ziphuzi noma zi-orange.
UTulipa gesneriana
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Fizykaa
Ibizwa ngokuthi i-tulip yensimu, futhi iyinhlobo yezitshalo ezinamandla ezivela e-Asia. Izinhlobo eziningi ze- ukuthutha ezithengiswayo zivela ezinqamulezweni ezinalezi zinhlobo. Amaqabunga abanzi akhula ephuma kubhalbhu yawo, afinyelela kumasentimitha ama-3 ubude, aneziphetho ezicijile nombala omuhle kakhulu ocwebezelayo omnyama. Izimbali zinkulu futhi zinemibala ehlukahlukene, yize okubomvu nokuphuzi kuvame kakhulu.
I-Prosartes hookeri
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Sten Porse
El I-Prosartes hookeri Luhlobo lwesitshalo se-rhizomatous esidabuka eNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi sidabuka eCalifornia. Ukuphakama kwayo akweqi ngamasentimitha angama-20, futhi kukhula amaqabunga abanzi, aluhlaza okweqanda. Izimbali zayo zivutha, zimhlophe, futhi zihluma entwasahlobo. Isithelo siwujikijolo osawolintshi noma obomvu cishe osentimitha ububanzi.
UClintonia uniflora
Isithombe - Izincwadi zeFlickr / zokupheka
La UClintonia uniflora uhlobo lwesitshalo se-rhizomatous esidabuka entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Ikhula kuphela amaqabunga ama-2-3 abanzi futhi made, anombala oluhlaza okomnyama. Izimbali zayo zimhlophe futhi zincane. Isithelo siyibholidi eliyindilinga, eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ububanzi obuyisentimitha elilodwa.
Ucabangani ngalokho okufundile nge-Liliaceae? Unomuntu?