Amanita phalloids

Uyakuthanda ukukha amakhowe? Iqiniso ngukuthi ukujabulela ukuthula kwehlathi nobuhle bezimila nezilwane zalo ngenkathi ubamba ezinye kungokuhlangenwe nakho okuhle. Kepha kufanele uqaphele, ngoba akuzona zonke ezidliwayo. Eqinisweni, kukhona eyodwa evame kakhulu futhi, futhi, eyingozi kakhulu: phalloid amanita.

Ukuze kungabikho zinkinga ezivelayo, ngizokutshela konke ngaye. Ngale ndlela, Kuzoba lula kuwe ukuyikhomba ... hhayi ukuyithatha 🙂.

Ziziphi izici zayo?

I-phalloid amanita, ogama lakhe lesayensi ngu Amanita phalloides, Yi-mushroom eyaziwa ngokuthi i-oronja eluhlaza, i-canaleja, isikhunta sokufa, i-oronja ebulalayo ne-hemlock eluhlaza. Ifana kakhulu namanye amakhowe adliwayo, yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ungawabona kanjani:

• Isigqoko sakhe sikala u-5 kuye ku-15cm, enobumbano noma isicaba esicijile, ngombala oluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi kucishe kube mhlophe futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube mnyama kakhulu (oluhlaza okomnqumo). I-cuticle ibushelelezi, ayinawo umugqa, futhi imvamisa ayikhombisi imikhondo ye-volva. Amacembe amhlophe futhi akhululekile, aqinile futhi abanzi.
• Unyawo luyindilinga futhi lude, imvamisa imhlophe kepha kwesinye isikhathi ingaba nezindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Indandatho yayo imhlophe, ine-volva esesimeni sesikhwama esimhlophe esimhlophe.
• Inyama imhlophe, noma ingahle ibe luhlaza okotshani ngaphansi kwe-cuticle. Ayinakho ukuqina okuningi. Iphunga limnandi uma lisencane, kepha alilihle neze lapho liguga. Kuthiwa ukunambitheka kuthambile futhi kumnandi, kepha ngiyaphikelela, akufanele kudliwe ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo.

Itholakala kuphi?

I-phalloid amanita isungule ubudlelwano bokuhlangana phakathi kwezihlahla eziningi eYurophu. Kulesi syiosis, izitshalo zithola kusuka ku-fungus ikakhulukazi amanzi, izakhamzimba kanye namaminerali abalulekile ekukhuleni okuhle nasekuthuthukisweni. Abenenhlanhla yi-conifers, ama-oki, ama Robles, the izihlahla ze-chestnut, the umabhebhana, the i-chestnut yamahhashi, the izihlahla ze-birch, the amantongomane, the uphondo.

Singayithola futhi eCalifornia, lapho ihlotshaniswa ne- I-Quercus agrifolia. Kulezo zindawo lapho sethulwe khona, kutholakale ukuthi ayinankinga ukuzihlanganisa nezitshalo ezikhulayo (ngokwemvelo noma ezilethwe) kulezo zindawo. Isibonelo, eNingizimu Afrika kuhlotshaniswa nama-oki kanye nama-poplar. Ngakho-ke, yikhowe elinamandla amakhulu wokuhlasela.

Kuvela nini?

Leli khowe ivela ngesikhathi sokuwa, njengoba ukushisa kwehlobo kuncipha nemvula iqala ukubonakala. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho abantu abaningi bephuma bayozithokozisa emaphandleni noma ehlathini, kungaba yipikiniki noma ukuyofuna amakhowe abangaya nawo emakhaya. Ngakho-ke, yisikhathi lapho kufanele uzilungiselele kahle, njengokulayisha ezinye amakhowe lokusebenza mobile.

Ngakho-ke, ngokuqinisekile ngeke kudingeke sikhathazeke ngokuthi sizothatha into enobuthi, njenge-protagonist yethu.

Kungadideka ngamaphi amakhowe?

Ngalokhu:

Kungani inobuthi?

I-phalloid amanita ikhowe eliqukethe amaqembu amabili abalulekile obuthi: i-heterocyclic compounds nama-peptides. Womabili la maqembu atholakala kuyo yonke i-mycelium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe i-falolysin ne-antamanid. Bonke lobu buthi, ngokushesha nje lapho buhlangana nengaphakathi lomzimba, buqala ukudala izimpawu zobuthi, kancane kancane; Empeleni, kungathatha izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingamashumi amabili ukuthi umuntu azizwe engaphilile.

Izimpawu yilezi:

• Uhudo
• Ukuqhafaza
• Ukomisa
• Ubuhlungu besisu obubuhlungu
• Izithukuthuku ezibandayo
• Yehlisa umfutho wegazi
• I-Tachycardia
• I-Hypoglycemia
• Acidosis
• Jaundice
• I-Delirium
• Ukuquleka
• Yidla ngenxa yokuhluleka kwesibindi
• Ukufa

Ilashwa kanjani?

Uma kwenzeka ubuthi, noma ubuthi okusolwayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphuthume uye kudokotela, uthathe isampula lekhowe. Lapho udokotela esekhombe i-phalloid amanita, azokwenza ukwamukela isiguli bese ukhetha ukwenza ukuhlanza esiswini ngamalahle acushiwe. Manje, ngoba izimpawu zithatha isikhathi ukuvela, ungahle udinge ukufakelwa kwesibindi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzonikezwa imishanguzo yokwehlisa nokwelapha ukuphelelwa amandla emzimbeni.

Izinga lokufa lehle lisuka kuma-70% maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, laya ku-10-15% eminyakeni yamuva nje, okuthile ngokungangabazeki okuyingxenye yolwazi oluhle kakhulu.

Izisulu ezidumile

Ukufa komuntu akumnandi neze. Ukungazi kuvame ukusidalela izinkinga eziningi, ikakhulukazi uma uhlala esikhathini lapho i-Intanethi ingakenziwa khona. Futhi ukuthi, kuwo wonke umlando, kube khona abantu abaningana abake baba yizisulu zokufakwa ubuthi ngu-amanita phalloides, U-Archduke Charles wase-Austria, owashona eyishumi ngemuva kokudla ipuleti lamakhowe asikiwe. Wayengenayo inzalo yowesilisa, eyadala iMpi Yokulandelana yase-Austrian.

Obunye ubuntu kwakuyi UMbusi uClaudius, ababenokwazisa ngezingxenye zokubeletha, okungamakhowe anesigqoko se-orange. U-Agrippina the Lesser, umshana wenkosi, wakha uhlelo olwaluqukethe ukushintshanisa la manaman ngama- phalloid. Kodwa-ke, akumele ukuthi kuvele kahle kakhulu, ngoba kushiwo encwadini ethi "Claudio, the god, and his wife Messalina", ebhalwe nguRobert Graves, owayengudokotela kaClaudio owaqeda impilo kaClaudio, wamngenisa emphinjeni uphaphe ugcotshwe ngoshevu.

Ngamakhowe kufanele uqaphele kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ungenalo ulwazi oluningi. Siyethemba ukuthi le ndatshana izokusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi Amanita phalloides, amakhowe ayingozi kakhulu emhlabeni.