Esinye sezitshalo zokuhlobisa ezilinywe kakhulu emhlabeni nasemakhulwini eminyaka yizi roses. Lezi zihlahlana ziyaqhakaza izinyanga, zikhiqiza izimbali ezivame ukuba zinkulu futhi zinemibala emihle, njengokubomvu, ophuzi noma okumhlophe. Futhi, yize kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezingenalo iphunga, kukhona ezinye ezenzayo.
Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa kwezihlahla zama-rose kulula kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka ukuzigcina ebhodweni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokwalesi sizathu, Yizitshalo ezingasetshenziswa ukuhlobisa kuvulandi kanye / noma namathala.
Umsuka nezimpawu zama roses
Izitshalo ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-roses noma ama-rose bushes ziluchungechunge lwezihlahla, imvamisa ezinameva, zohlobo lweRosa. Kunezinhlobo ezilinganiselwa ku-100, ezimila e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu naseNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, kodwa eziningi zitholakala ezwenikazi lase-Asia. Kulezi zinhlobonhlobo, kuye kwakhiwa izinhlobo zokulima ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-30, futhi ezintsha ziyavela njalo ngonyaka.
Zibonakala ngokuba izihlahlana noma abagibeli abangakhula phakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-10 namamitha angama-20 ukuphakama. kuya ngohlobo noma isilimo. Iziqu zi-semi-Woody, futhi zivikelwe ngameva acijile abukhali. Kusuka kulawa maqabunga amahlumela akhiwe ngamapheshana ama-5 kuya kwayi-9 noma ama-pinnae, anomkhawulo ohlanganisiwe noluhlaza okotshani, obolayo noma ongapheli.
Izimbali zinosayizi omuhle, zikala phakathi kwamasentimitha ama-2 no-10 ububanzi. Amacembe alo angaba nemibala ehlukahlukene kakhulu: obomvu, omhlophe, ophuzi, opinki, noma i-bicolor imbala (ebomvu ngamabala amhlophe, ngokwesibonelo). Isithelo saziwa njenge-rose hip, esakhiwa izithelo eziningi ezincane, futhi sibomvu uma sesivuthiwe.
Izinhlobo zama-rose bushes
Ama-Roses atshalwe isikhathi eside kangangokuba bekudingeka ukuwahlukanisa ngandlela thile ukuze akwazi ukwazi zonke izinhlobo ezikhona. Ngakho-ke, lezi zitshalo zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuthi ngabe ziyizinhlobo ezihlanzekile noma izinhlamvu ezenziwe ngabantu, nangokuya ngeminyaka yazo:
Izihlahla zasendle zasendle
Izihlahla zasendle zasendle yilezo ezikhula ngokwemvelo. Bajwayele ukukhiqiza izimbali ezincane kunezinhlobo zokulima, futhi bathambekele ekubeni nezinsipho eziningi zokugwema izilwane ezidla ezinye. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:
URosa banksiae
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Midori
La URosa banksiae Yisihlahlana esingasetshenziswa njengomqansa noma umlengisi okhuphukayo, ngoba sineziqu ezinde kakhulu ezinamamitha ayi-6. Ivela eChina, futhi iyathakazelisa kakhulu kusukela lapho Yize izimbali zayo, ezingaba mhlophe noma ziphuzi, zikala kuphela cishe amasentimitha ayi-2,5 ubukhulu, ziningi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe awunameva futhi ihlala iluhlaza.
i-canine rose
La i-canine rose Isihlahlana esinameva esikhula eYurophu, eNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika naseNtshonalanga Asia. Linganisa amamitha ama-2 ukuphakama, futhi inezimbali ngamasentimitha ama-4 kuye kwayi-6 ububanzi, obomvana noma obomvana ngokukhanyayo. Kuyisitshalo esinezinsipho ezigobile nezibomvu ezihluma eceleni kwesiqu, futhi esikhiqiza izithelo ezinama-ovoid nazo ezibomvu ngokujulile ngombala.
UGallica wavuka
La UGallica wavuka Yisihlahlana esinameva esaziwa ngokuthi yi-rosebush yaseCastile noma i-rosebush yaseFrance. Ikhula eYurophu naseNtshonalanga ye-Asia, futhi isitshalo esifinyelela kumamitha amabili ukuphakama. Amaqabunga awo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ikhiqiza izimbali ezinamakha ezingaba amasentimitha angu-3-4 ububanzi obomvana.
Izihlahla ezindala zama rose
Izihlahla ezindala zama rose yilezo ezazivele zikhona ngaphambi kokuvela kweTea Hybrid yokuqala, ngo-1867. Ngokuvamile ziyinzalo yemvelo, okungukuthi, zavela ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu emvelweni, njenge:
Kuvuke itiye
Igama letiye rose sibhekisa ochungechungeni lwama-rose avela ekuweleni kwe- I-Giant rose x URosa chinensis. Ziyizihlahla noma abagibeli lokho khiqiza izimbali ezinamakha phakathi nehlobo nasekwindla. Lezi kungaba mhlophe, pink, lilac, noma ophuzi.
URosa x alba
Isithombe - Wikimedia / S. Rae
Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-white rose, ingumdabu wase-Europe. Isihlahlana esinameva nesinqumayo esifinyelela kumamitha amabili ukuphakama. Izimbali zayo zimhlophe futhi zilinganisa ububanzi obuphakathi kwamasentimitha ayisi-6 kuya kwayi-8 ububanzi. Lezi zihluma ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
URosa x damascena
Isithombe - Wikimedia / H. Zell
Kuyaziwa njenge damask rose noma i-rose yaseCastile, futhi idabuka ochungechungeni lweziphambano zezinhlobo zomdabu eMiddle East. Ikhula njengesihlahlana esinqumayo esingafika kumamitha amabili ukuphakama, esivikelwe ngameva. Izimbali zibomvana noma zibomvu, futhi zingamasentimitha angaba ngu-8 ububanzi.
Izihlahla zamanje zama rose
Izihlahla zamanje zama rose yilezo ezavela ngonyaka we-1867. Zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngokobungako bazo noma ngohlobo lwembali. Lezi izibonelo:
Inhlanganisela yetiye
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Anna reg
Lezi zimbali ezingama-hybrid zivela ezinqamulezweni phakathi kwezinye ezinjengeRosa x odorata, UGallica wavuka noma uRosa x damascena. Ziyizihlahla ezinosayizi omncane, ngoba azidluli ngamamitha ama-2 ukuphakama. Ngokuya nge-cultivar bangakhuphuka. Izimbali zazo zinemibala ehlukahlukene kakhulu, futhi zivame ukuzikhiqiza cishe unyaka wonke.
UFloribunda wavuka
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Krzysztof Golik
Ziyizimbali ezivela esiphambanweni esiphakathi URosa chinensis y IMultiflora rose. Ziyizihlahla ezicishe zibe imitha elilodwa noma imitha nengxenye ukuphakama, okuyi kuveza izimbali kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ububanzi, enemibala efana nephuzi, ebomvu noma ephaphathekile, futhi inephunga elimnandi.
UPolyantha rose
Isithombe - Wikimedia / A. Indawo yokuphuzela utshwala
La UPolyantha rose okokuqala kusuka esiphambanweni esiphakathi URosa chinensis y IMultiflora rose. Yizihlahlana ezinameva eziqhakaza entwasahlobo nasekwindla, yingakho zithandwa kakhulu yize izimbali zazo zingezona ezinkulu kakhulu. Lawa ngamasentimitha angu-2,5 ububanzi, futhi angaba pinki, amhlophe, noma abomvu.
Ezinye izinhlobo
Bangama-rose bushes adumile ngesizathu. Ngokwesibonelo:
UDavid Austin Roses
UDavid Charles Hensaw Austin wayengumbhali futhi engusosayensi wezitshalo owayethanda izimbali. Eqinisweni, wanikela ngengxenye enhle yempilo yakhe ekwakheni ama-cultivars amasha ayenobukhazikhazi namakha ezihlahla ezindala zama-rose, kodwa futhi nekhono lokuqhakaza ingxenye enkulu yonyaka. A) Yebo, ithole izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-190, phakathi kwayo kukhona i-pink-flowered 'Constance Spry', noma i-orange-flowered 'Charles Austin'.
Kwakhala izinyembezi
Yizilimo lezo zibonakala ngokuba namagatsha alenga noma iziqu. Zivame ukufakelwa kwezinye ukuze zinezimbali ezisezingeni eliphakeme noma ukumelana kangcono nezifo. Njengesibonelo sigcizelela i-'Les Quatre Saisons ', izimbali ezinhlobonhlobo eziphinki ezilinganisa cishe amasentimitha ayi-3-4, ezihluma phakathi nentwasahlobo kuye ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
Ukunakekela isihlahla se-rose ebhodweni nasensimini
Ama-rose bushes yizitshalo ezibonga kakhulu. Azidingi ukunakekelwa okuningi, ngakho-ke zilungele abaqalayo. Kepha ake sibone ngokuningiliziwe konke abakudingayo:
Indawo
AmaRoses kufanele abe ngaphandle. Kubalulekile ukuthi zibekwe ngaphandle ngoba ngaphakathi endlini azikwazanga ukukhula kahle ngenxa yokushoda kokukhanya.
Noma ngabe bazoba semhlabathini noma ebhodweni, badinga ukuba negumbi elanele lokukhula. Izimpande zawo azihlaseli, ngakho-ke ngeke kudingeke sikhathazeke ngalokhu.
Ngabe amahora amaningi okukhanya kwelanga adinga ihlahla lama-rose?
Ukuze i-rose ikwazi ukuqhakaza kuyadingeka ukuthi uyinike ubuncane bamahora ama-4 elanga eliqondile nsuku zonke. Noma kunjalo, kukhona okunye okuhlukile, njenge i-pitiminí rosebush lokho kungaba semthunzini ngaphandle kokuvezwa yilanga nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Inhlabathi noma i-substrate
- Isibindi: ama-roses akhula enhlabathini ecebile enomsoco. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi akudingeki zikhukhuleke kalula.
- Imbiza yezimbali: uma kufanele zigcinwe ebhodweni, indawo ekhulayo yendawo yonke ingasetshenziswa.
Ukunisela
Abakwazi ukumelana nesomiso. Ngalesi sizathu sizonisela ngokwesilinganiso amahlandla ama-3 ngesonto ehlobo, nezikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto entwasahlobo, ekwindla nasebusika. Sizosebenzisa amanzi emvula uma kungenzeka, noma lawo aphansi kukalamula.
Ngokufanayo, kufanele ugweme ukuthola izimbali zakho zimanzi lapho sinisela, ngoba uma kungenjalo bezizoma ngaphambi kwesikhathi sabo.
Umbhalisile
Ukuthola yonke into okumele ikhule ikhule futhi ikhiqize izimbali eziningi, Kunconywa ukufaka umanyolo ezihlahleni zama-rose phakathi nenkathi yemifino, okungukuthi, kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla.
Ngale njongo sizosebenzisa umanyolo onjenge-worm humus, noma i-guano (ukuthengisa lapha). Okunye okuhle kakhulu umquba wenkukhu (inqobo nje uma womile), noma umquba.
Izihlahla
Ungathena nini ama-rose bushes? Kuya ngokuthi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuthena: eyokuqeqesha, eyenziwa ekupheleni kobusika, kanye nokuthena izimbali okusobala ukuthi kwenziwa lapho iqhakaza.
- Ukwakha izihlahla: siqukethe ukususa amagatsha afile nagula, kanye namaswidi (angamagatsha aqhuma ngaphansi kwesiqu, athanda ukuba mncane kunamanye futhi anamaqabunga amancane). Futhi, iziqu kufanele zigawulwe kancane ukulawula ukukhula kwesitshalo.
- Ukuthena izimbali: Izimbali ezibunile kufanele zisikwe, ngokwesibonelo ngesikele. Kepha qaphela, akudingeki ususe kuphela imbali, kepha futhi namasentimitha amaningana esiqu. Uma lesi siqu sicishe sibe ngamasentimitha angama-20 ubude, sizosuswa cishe ngamasentimitha ama-5; kepha uma kungamasentimitha ayi-10 kuphela, kuzosuswa ngaphansi kwengxenye.
Izinambuzane zaseRose bush
Ama-rose bushes angaba nalezi zinambuzane:
- Isicabucabu esibomvu: kuyimbuzane ebomvu esizoyithola ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Zenza isitshalo sibe buthakathaka, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi silashwe ngomhlaba onama-diatomaceous noma ama-acaricides ngokushesha nje lapho sitholakala.
- Ama-Mealybugs: ukuhlaselwa kwe- i-cottony mealybug. Lokhu kutholakala kuwo womabili amaqabunga neziqu, futhi kumunca ubisi lwesitshalo. Isuswa ngomhlaba we-diatomaceous (uyathengiswa lapha), ama-pyrethrins noma insipho ye-potassium.
- Isibungu samanga seRosebush: yizibungu zomnyovu I-rosae. Zinomzimba omhlophe onamabala amnyama, ikhanda elimnyama nomhlane ophuzi. Zishwabadela amaqabunga, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwelapha izihlahla zama-rose ngamafutha omuthi (kuyathengiswa lapha) noma umhlaba we-diatomaceous.
- Izintwala: Kunjalo izintwala okuluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu okuphakela okusanhlamvu kwezimbali namaqabunga. Ezimweni ezinzima, i-fungus enesibindi ivela, ehlanganisa amahlamvu ngohlobo lwempuphu emnyama. Ziyasuswa ngomhlaba we-diatomaceous noma ngama-pyrethrins.
Izifo ze-rose bush
Ama-rose bushes angaba nezifo ezahlukahlukene kukho konke ukuphila kwabo:
- Indawo emnyama: zinamabala amnyama anomumo oyindilinga ongaphezulu noma omncane owenziwe isikhunta sezinhlobo UMarssonina rosae. Zivela ikakhulu emaqabungeni aphansi. Iphathwa ngamafungicides aqukethe ithusi.
- Isikhunta: yisifo sokukhunta esidluliswa yikhunta I-Peronospora sparsa. Kubangela amabala ombala kusuka kokusomi kuya kokumhlophe ukuvela emaqabungeni, efihlekile nasezimbali. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izingxenye ezithintekile zenza mnyama bese ziyawa. Iyalwa namafungicides aqukethe ithusi noma isibabule (kuyathengiswa lapha).
- Isikhunta se-Powdery: the isikhutha esiyimpuphu yisifo sefungal esidluliswa ngu I-Sphaerotheca pannosa. Izihlahla zama-rose ezithintekile zinamaqabunga ambozwe ngampuphu omhlophe mpunga. It is fight with anti-powdery isikhutha isikhunta, njenge lokhu.
- Roya: kuyisifo sefungal okuthi, esimweni sezihlahla zama-rose, sidluliswa isikhunta salolu hlobo I-Phragmidium mucronatum. Ikhiqiza amaqhubu aphuzi ngokusawolintshi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Ingelashwa ngamafungicides aqukethe i-horsetail (iyathengiswa lapha) noma ithusi.
Ukuphindaphinda
Ama rose rose ngokuvamile iphindaphindwe ngokusikwa entwasahlobo. Sisebenzisa izinsalela zokuthena, isisekelo seziqu - okuluhlaza okotshani- singafakwa ngamahomoni anezimpande (kuyathengiswa lapha) bese uwatshala engadini noma ebhodweni nge-substrate, njenge-vermiculite noma i-peat. Zizomila cishe emasontweni amabili.
Izinhlobo ezihlanzekile zingaphindaphindwa ngezimbewu futhi. Lezi zihlwanyelwa ebusika, emibhedeni yezimbewu ene-substrate enjenge-mulch, futhi zigcinwa ziniselwa, emthunzini omncane. Kuyo yonke intwasahlobo zizoqala ukuhluma.
Isibindi
Izimbali yizitshalo ezithanda isimo sezulu esipholile, ngehlobo elipholile nobusika obubandayo. Izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zezimakethe ezithengiswayo zimelana nesithwathwa esingafika ku - 18ºC ngaphandle kwenkinga, ukuze zigcinwe ngaphandle unyaka wonke ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezindaweni eziningi zaseSpain; futhi uma kwenzeka uhlala endaweni ebandayo, ngendwangu yokulwa nesithwathwa uzobagcina bevikelwe.
Ubucabangani ngama-rose? Unomuntu?