I-Willow (Salix)

I-Los I-Salix Ziyizitshalo, ngokuvamile, ezithatha isikhala esiningi. Kepha ubukhulu nobuhle bazo bokuthi lapho zigcinwa ezingadini ezinkulu ziyisimangaliso semvelo esiyiqiniso. Inkinga kuba lapho sezikhulile, mhlawumbe ngokungazi noma ngokuthanda, ezindaweni ezivalekile: njengoba zikhula, izimpande zazo zizodala umonakalo uma ziseduze kwamapayipi nokunye.

Kujwayelekile impela ukufuna ukutshala izitshalo, kepha uma ufuna ukuzijabulela ngokugcwele, kubalulekile ukwazi izici zazo ukuze ngokuzayo singaphoqelelwa ukuzisusa. Ngoba iSalix, njengezinye izidalwa zezitshalo, inelungelo lokuhlala endaweni efanele futhi ithole ukunakekelwa okudingekayo kucatshangelwa isimo sezulu kanye nezici zensimu. Ake sibazi.

Umsuka nezimpawu zeSalix

Eyaziwa njengeminyezane, i-Salix iyinhlobo eyakhiwe izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-400 ze izihlahla eziqothulayo nezihlahla edabuka ezifundeni ezibandayo nezinamakhaza eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Atholakala ikakhulukazi eduze noma eduze kweziqu zamanzi ahlanzekile, yingakho izimpande zawo zinde futhi ziqinile, ngoba ukube bezingenjalo, bezingakwazi ukuhlala ziboshelwe kahle phansi.

Isiqu sinamagxolo anamanzi, kanti ukhuni luqinile, luyaguquguquka futhi ngokuvamile luthambile. Amagatsha mancane futhi anemicu, futhi amaqabunga avame ukuvela avela kuwo, kepha futhi angaba yindilinga noma abe okweqanda.

Ziyi-dioecious, okungukuthi, banezimbali zabesilisa nabesifazane kuma-specimens ahlukene. ICatkins (izimbali zalezi zitshalo) ziyaqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuvundisa impova phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kuvamile, yingakho kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-nzalo. Isithelo yi-capsule.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

I-Salix alba

Yaziwa ngokuthi i-salguero noma i-willow emhlophe, kungumuthi odabuka enkabeni naseningizimu yeYurophu, enyakatho ye-Afrika nasentshonalanga ye-Asia lokho ikhula ibe ukuphakama kwamamitha ama-25. Amaqabunga awo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ajiyile, anengaphansi elingasilika futhi abe ngu-5 kuye ku-12 cm ubude. Amagxolo esiqu sawo anombala ompunga.

Imelana kuze kufike ku-20ºC.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Salix alba, i-willow emhlophe enhle kakhulu

I-salix atrocinerea

Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ash willow noma i-zalce, kungumuthi odabuka eYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika lokho ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ama-22 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga aphelele noma anamazinyo, anoboya ezinhlangothini zombili, futhi angaba ngu-5-15cm ubude.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -17ºC.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Salix atrocinerea: izici nokunakekelwa

I-Salix babylonica

Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-willow ekhalayo noma i-pendulum willow, kungumuthi odabuka eMpumalanga ye-Asia lokho ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ayi-12 (kuyaqabukela kufike ku-26m) ngamagatsha alenga afinyelela phansi. Amaqabunga aqondile, anqenqemeni oluncane, elicwebezelayo futhi likhazimula.

Imelana no -18ºC, yize ichuma kangcono ezindaweni ezifudumele.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Umngcunube Okhala

I-Salix canariensis

Eyaziwa njenge-sao noma i-Canary willow, uhlobo lwendabuko lweCanary Islands neMadeira lokho ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-10. Amaqabunga ayindilinga abe yi-lanceolate, anendawo engaphezulu eluhlaza okotshani nangaphansi kwe-pubescent, futhi angaba ngu-10cm ubude.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -12ºC.

I-Salix caprea

Yaziwa njenge willow yembuzi, i-salce yezimbuzi noma i-zargatillo, isihlahla esidabuka eYurophu nasenkabeni nasentshonalanga ye-Asia. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-6, anamaqabunga ama-3 kuye kwayi-12cm amade anendawo eluhlaza eluhlaza ngaphezulu no-verdigris noma i-verdiclaro ngaphansi.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Salix caprea

I-Salix cinerea

Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ashy willow, kungumuthi odabuka eYurophu naseNtshonalanga ye-Asia lokho ifinyelela kumamitha angama-6 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga angamasentimitha ayi-12 ubude, futhi anamaqanda noma a-oblanceolate, acwebezela, anoboya futhi ane-grey tomentum. Ingaphezulu linombala oluhlaza ngokumpunga noma oluhlaza okomnqumo, kanti ngezansi kukhona okuluhlaza okotshani noma okuluhlaza okotshani.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

I-Salix eleagnos

Waziwa njenge-grey willow noma i-twill, ungumuthi odabuka enkabeni naseningizimu yeYurophu, e-Asia Minor naseNyakatho Afrika, ifinyelela ukuphakama okuphezulu kwamamitha ama-10. Amaqabunga ahlehlisiwe, ubude bawo bungu-16cm, futhi anendawo eluhlaza okotshani emnyama, ecwebezelayo ngaphezulu nangaphansi komhlophe noma ngomlotha.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -15ºC.

I-Salix fragilis

Eyaziwa njenge-wicker noma i-brick wicker, kungumuthi odabuka eYurophu nasentshonalanga ye-Asia lokho ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-10 kuye kwangama-30. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, anama-margins asesilinganisweni, futhi angama-9-15cm ubude.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

I-Salix purpurea

Waziwa njenge-wicker nsomi, willow, red salce noma river wicker, kungumuthi odabuka e-Europe, North Africa nase West Asia ukuthi ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-6. Amaqabunga awo a-lanceolate noma aqondile, ama-4 kuya ku-12cm ubude, futhi aluhlaza okomnyama no-matte ohlangothini oluphezulu, futhi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -20ºC.

I-salix salviifolia

Waziwa njenge-white bardaguera, i-sarga noma i-willow, uyisihlahla esikhona eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia, yize singekho eCatalonia, iValencian Community, Navarra, ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Extremadura kanye naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeCastilla y León. Ifinyelela kumamitha angama-6 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga a-lanceolate, alula, aluhlaza okomnyama noma aluhlaza okotshani, futhi anoboya, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi, futhi ubude bawo bungu-2 kuya ku-10 cm.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -17ºC.

I-Salix viminalis

Eyaziwa njenge-wicker emhlophe noma i-wicker, kungumuthi odabuka eYurophu nase-Asia lokho ifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-10. Amaqabunga ahlukanisiwe, anamasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwangu-5 ubude, anoboya, futhi anendawo engaphezulu eluhlaza noma enamathele.

Imelana kuze kufike ku -18ºC.

Ziyini izinkathazo zabo?

Uma ufuna ukuba nomuthi womnyezane engadini yakho, sincoma ukuthi uwunikeze lokhu kunakekelwa okulandelayo:

Indawo

Ziyizitshalo okufanele zibe njalo phesheya, elangeni eligcwele noma emthunzini omncane. Ngenxa yezimpawu zazo, kubalulekile ukuthi zitshalwe ebangeni elincane lamamitha ayi-10 ukusuka emapayipini, ezindongeni, njll.

Umhlaba

Zikhula enhlabathini enomswakama, zicebile ngezinto eziphilayo futhi zivame ukuba ne-limestone (ngaphandle, njenge I-salix salviifolia ukhetha inhlabathi ene-asidi).

Ngesikhathi seminyaka yabo emincane bangabhalwa nge-mulch (ukudayiswa lapha) kuhlanganiswe ne-30% perlite (kuyathengiswa lapha), kepha siyeluleka ukuthi sizitshale emhlabathini ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze zikhule kahle.

Ukunisela

Ukunisela kufanele kube kaningi. Azimelani nesomiso, futhi zithanda ukuhlala zinenhlabathi enomswakama njalo.

Umbhalisile

Kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo Kunconywa ukuthi ubakhokhele ngamanyolo wezemvelo, njenge-guano, umquba, noma umquba oluhlaza, phakathi kwabanye.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Imanyolo emi-5 eyenziwe ekhaya yezitshalo zakho

Izihlahla

Iminyezane akufanele zithenwe, ngoba bayakubekezelela kabi kakhulu. Akuvamile ukuthi bagule (noma baze bagcine ngokufa) ngemuva kokuthenwa okungatheni.

Yini engenziwa ukusika amagatsha asomile, futhi kuphela ekupheleni kobusika.

Ukuphindaphinda

Ziyanda ngokusika ngasekupheleni kobusika. Ngalokhu, kufanele kusikwe igatsha elinokhuni olulinganiselwa ku-35cm ubude, lifakwe isisekelo ngamahomoni anezimpande (kuyathengiswa Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.) bese ekugcineni uyitshale (hhayi ukuyipikili) ebhodweni elinemigodi yamanzi (iyathengiswa lapha) igcwaliswe nge-vermiculite eyenziwe ngaphambilini.

Ukugcina i-substrate inomswakama, izomsuka cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-20. Ukuyisiza, ungayifafaza kanye ngosuku ukuyigcina inamanzi.

Izinhlupho nezifo

I-Salix yizitshalo ezizwela kakhulu ezinambuzaneni kanye nama-microorganisms - ikakhulukazi isikhunta- esidala izifo:

Izinambuzane

• Ama-Mealybugs: zingaba i-algonous noma zifane ne-limpet. Azilinganisi ngaphezu kwe-0,5cm, bese zondla ngosawoti lwamaqabunga, kuyaqabukela kuvela emagatsheni amancane.
  Ungalwa nabo ngomhlaba we-diatomaceous (uyathengiswa lapha). Bona ifayela.
• Chrysomelas: zingamabhungane okuthi, esigabeni sazo sokuba yisibungu, zidle amaqabunga.
  Yilwa entwasahlobo ne-malathion.
• Izibungu ze-Defoliator: njengesibungu se-walnut, noma isibungu se-liverwort, badla amaqabunga, bashiye iminyezane ngaphandle kwabo.
  Ziyalwa zisencane nge-malathion.
• Izintwala: yizinambuzane ezincane, ezingaba ngu-0,5 cm ubude, ziluhlaza, ziphuzi noma zimnyama, ezondla ubisi lwamaqabunga (nakwezinye izitshalo nazo zezimbali).
  Alwa ne-diatomaceous earth noma i-potassium soap (iyathengiswa lapha). Bona ifayela.

Izifo

• Amabala eLeaf: akubalulekile, kepha kuyadingeka ukuqoqa ukuwa ngesikhathi sekwindla ukugwema ukuphinda kutheleleke. Uma kwenzeka kaningi, phatha nge-oxychloride noma i-zineb yethusi.
• Isikhunta se-Powdery: yisikhunta esikhiqiza impushana emhlophe emboza amaqabunga. Akubalulekile, kepha kungalashwa ngamafungicides asuselwa ethusi. Bona ifayela.
• Ishidi lamaqabunga: Ngasentwasahlobo, amanye amaqabunga kanye namagatsha aba mnyama bese ewa, kuthi amanye abune. Ama-cankers amancane azovela emagatsheni.
  Kuvinjelwa nge-oxychloride yethusi lapho nje efihlekile, kepha uma sezivele zikhona izimpawu, izingxenye ezithintekile kufanele zithenwe bese zishiswa.

Isikhathi sokutshala

En intwasahlobo, lapho isithwathwa sesidlulile.

Isibindi

Kuya ngohlobo, kepha bonke bayamelana nokubanda nesithwathwa.

Yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okunikezwayo?

Umhlobiso

I-Salix izitshalo ezihlobisa kakhulu, ilungele ukukhula ezingadini ezivulekile, ikakhulukazi uma benomsele wamanzi eduze noma basendaweni lapho kuna imvula kaningi.

Ezokwelapha

I-Salicin ikhishwa emithini yeminyezane, okuyisithako esisebenzayo esenziwa ngaso i-aspirin, umuthi ongelona i-steroidal olwa nokuvuvukala.

Kepha futhi, sekuvele kwakudala, maqondana ne-V century a. Kokubili i-Asiriya, iSumer neGibhithe amagxolo asetshenziswa ukudambisa izinhlungu nokunciphisa imfiva.

Ukudla kwezilwane

Amahlumela ezinye izinhlobo, njenge I-Salix caprea, ingasetshenziswa njengokudla kwezimbuzi.

Ibhasikidi

Kuneminyezane eminingi yayo amagatsha asetshenziselwa ukwenza obhasikidi, njenge- I-Salix fragilis noma i I-Salix viminalis.

Ucabangani ngeminyezane?