Indlela yokutshala iziphuzo

Kuya ngokuya kuba semfashinini ukutshala iziphuzo ezinomsoco, kungaba ngenxa yokunakekelwa kwabo okulinganiselwe noma ukuthi bamema malini ukuqoqa. Lokhu kushiya ama-newbies enokungabaza okuningi lapho bethola lokho kuyadingeka ukushintsha i-substrate abayilethe kusuka enkulisa, njengokuthi iyiphi i-substrate ongayisebenzisa noma ukuthi uzofakelwa kabusha nini, ngakho-ke kule ndatshana sizongena kukho konke lokho. Uma okudingayo kungukuthi ungazihlwanyela kanjani (imbewu yezitshalo), sikuchaza kahle Lesi sihloko. 

Into yokuqala okufanele uyazi ukuthi Iziphuzo ezimnandi ziyizitshalo eziqoqa amanzi amaningi kunokujwayelekile, futhi lokhu kusho lokho Njengoba zingahlobene ngempela, izinqubo zokufakelwa kanye ne-substrate abayidingayo zizohluka kakhulu kuye ngomunye.

Kungakho ngithathe isinqumo sokubahlukanisa ngamaqembu amakhulu ayisikhombisa: ama-monocot amnandi angenayo i-bulbous (Ama-Agaves, ama-yucca, inhlaba ...), bulbous (Ukuzibheka njengeziphuzo noma cha kuyaphikiswa, kepha njengoba ezinye zazo zivame ukukhula njengama-succulent, sizokuya zifake), i-cactus, i-euphorbia, crassulaceae, WaseNingizimu Afrika (amatshe aphilayo nezinye izitshalo ezikhula ebusika, njengama-caudiciform amaningi) nezinye.

Enye into okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi izitshalo ezinokunakekelwa okuhlukile akufanele zitshalwe ndawonye. Ngokweqiniso, izitshalo zeqembu ngalinye esizidalile zingabekwa ndawonye, ​​inqobo nje uma uqaphela nosayizi ezifinyelelayo kanye nesivinini sokukhula kwazo; noma kunjalo, Ngihlala ngincoma ukuthi, uma zifakwa ebhodweni, zibeke zodwa. Uma isemhlabathini, izingoma ezithakazelisa kakhulu zingenziwa.

Yini engiyidingayo ukutshala iziphuzo? 

Into yokuqala okudingeka uyazi ukuthi indawo ozoyibeka kuyo, kungaba sebhodweni noma phansi.  

• Uma kusembizeni, uzodinga okuthe xaxa okuncane kunalokho abakuso njengamanje.
• Uma iphansi uzodinga ifosholo noma igeja ukwenza umgodi. 
• Uzodinga futhi i- substrate efanelekile, kodwa ngeshwa kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ingxube evumelana neziphuzo, ngakho-ke kuzofanele uthenge i-substrate esezingeni eliphakeme (sincoma eyendawo yonke, evame ukushibha kakhulu kune-cactus) nezomile, njengesihlabathi noma i-gravel , Ubukhulu bazo obuzoncika kulokho ofuna ukukutshala, kepha ngokujwayelekile i-50% substrate yendawo yonke nesihlabathi noma i-gravel engu-50% isebenza kahle. Lapho sikhuluma ngemixube yama-substrates esibhekisa kuwo hlanganisa konke kahle, hhayi ukugcwalisa uhhafu webhodwe ngohlalu kanti enye ingxenye ngo isisekelo Jikelele.  
• Kuyalulekwa futhi ukusebenzisa amagilavu, ikakhulukazi uma lokho ozokutshala kuyi-cactus noma i-a i-euphorbia.  
• Okokugcina, kunconywa umuthi wokuxubha omkhulu noma omncane (izinti zezinti zisebenza kahle kakhulu) ukusiza i-substrate ukuthi ingene phakathi kwezimpande. Kunconywa kakhulu ezitshalweni lapho ungeke ubeke khona izandla zakho ngaphansi nangamabhodwe amancane.
  

Inqubo yokutshala nokutshala kabusha ama-succulent

Yilapho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi isitshalo osebenza naso, ngoba izimpande zabathile zizwela kakhulu kunezinye. Kumele futhi sikhumbule ukuthi lokhu akuyona isayensi ngqo, ungazenza lezi zinqubo futhi bangahluleka futhi basebenzise ezinye esingazincomi lapha futhi ezisebenza kahle kuwe. Into ejwayelekile kuzo zonke lezi zitshalo yilokho ngasikhathi sinye ukuwathenga enkulisa kufanele uhlanze izimpande, kususwa ngisho nocezu lokugcina lwe-substrate oluye lwatholwa.

Okwe-cacti ne i-euphorbia Imvamisa kunconywa ukuthi unganiseli okungenani isonto ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha (futhi uma kungenazimpande, kuze kube yilapho ziphonswa), konke okunye kunconywa ukuthi uhlale unisela njalo ngemuva kokufakelwa noma ukutshala. Izingxube ze-substrate esizothi zingezansi zinconyelwa izimbiza, uma zizobekwa phansi, imvamisa kuyathandeka ukwenza imbobo engaphezulu kokuphindwe kathathu umthamo webhodwe elikulo bese uxuba imigqa esiyisho ngezansi nomhlaba, uhhafu nengxenye. 

Ama-monocot amnandi angenabhalbhu

Lezi yizitshalo eziqinile kakhulu ezingadingi ngisho ne-substrate ekhethekile, kepha ukwengeza amatshe athile ukwenza ngcono amanzi kuhlale kusiza. Kulezi zitshalo akukhuthazwa ukuba zilimaze izimpande ngoba zivuselelwa kuphela uma kushisa, ngakho-ke kufanele zigcinwe zifushane ngangokunokwenzeka nezimpande ezisemoyeni. Sizolungisa i-substrate esifuna ukuyisebenzisa futhi sizoyitshala ngebhola lempande njengoba kunjalo, sigcwalise ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokucophelela noma iziphi izikhala ezisele. 

Bulbous

Lezi zitshalo zivamise ukuthengiswa ngamalambu angaxakekile. Ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinto ezintekenteke kakhulu, noma iyiphi i-bulbous izokwazi ukuhlala endaweni engaphansi komhlaba noma emhlabathini ngesikhathi sayo sokukhula. Uma uhlose ukubashiya esizeni ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi uphinde utshale futhi ngonyaka olandelayo, uzodinga i-substrate ekhipha okungcono kangcono, yize kulokhu kungasiza ukusebenzisa i-peat. Ukutshala, kulula njengokufaka umgodi kabili ukujula kwesibani bese usigqiba ngehlumela elibheke phezulu. Ungabheka i-athikili yethu Ungatshala kanjani ama-bulbs ezimbizeni ukuthola eminye imininingwane. 

cactus

Nge-cacti uzohlala ufuna njengestrining ekhipha kakhulu, ukuxuba a kuhle inani lehlabathi nesihlabathi. ICacti ingagcinwa isikhathi eside nezimpande ezisemoyeni, noma ngabe ngincoma ukuthi zitshale ngqo uma zinezimpande (ukuhlanza i-substrate endala ngaphambili). Uma bengenazo futhi bekhona noma isilonda esivulekile, zingashiywa ngaphandle kwe-substrate emoyeni isonto elilodwa noma amabili ukuze zelapheke futhi kungabikho bungozi bokubola. Lapho i-substrate isilungisiwe nezimpande sezihlanziwe (noma amanxeba evaliwe), ingxenye yebhodwe izogcwaliswa nge-substrate, i-cactus izobekwa futhi izogcwaliswa kancane kancane, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-substrate ingena phakathi izimpande. Imvamisa, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukungcwaba kakhulu kunakuqala, noma ngabe kungenazimpande, kuzodingeka ukwenza kanjalo. Kunjalo kakhulu kuyancomeka gqoka amagilavu. Ngokukhetha i-substrate singahlukanisa ngamaqembu amathathu: 

• I-cacti ejwayelekile- 50% isisekelo sendawo yonke kanye no-50% wamatshe noma isihlabathi kuvame ukusebenza kahle. 
• Impande yeNapiform cactus (izimpande ezijiyile kakhulu ezifana nesanqante): zidinga ama-substrates akhishwa kakhulu futhi anomoya, ngakho-ke azodinga amatshe amaningi nesihlabathi. I-33% gravel, i-33% sand, ne-33% cactus substrate imvamisa ilungile. 
• Ci-epiphytic noma i-jungle actus: Bajwayele ukubamba umswakama othe xaxa, ngakho-ke singasebenzisa isihlabathi esincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhulisa i-aeration singasebenzisa i-substrate yama-orchid esikhundleni sokuhlanganiswa.
  

I-Euphorbias

Yize kunguhlobo olulodwa (I-Euphorbia), ingenye yamaqembu ahlukahlukene kakhulu, anezitshalo zazo zonke izinhlobo nokunakekelwa okuhlukahlukene kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ngokujwayelekile, singasho ukuthi uma banezimpande, kuzodingeka ukugwema ukuzilimaza futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-substrate entsha imboza yonke imigodi, futhi uma ingenayo, kuzofanele igcinelwe phezulu kuze kube yinyanga ngaphandle kokutshala. Ngalezi zitshalo kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi zivame ukugxila kabi kakhulu futhi kancane kakhulu. Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu nge I-latex enobuthi futhi ugeze izandla zakho kahle emva kokuziphatha, ngakho-ke kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisa amagilavu ​​(azovikela futhi emeveni akho) nasezibukweni. 

I-Crassulaceae

Ngokuvamile ziyizitshalo ezimelana kakhulu nezimpande kalula. Ingalinda isikhashana ngaphambili batshale kepha imvamisa asikho isizathu salokho. Ngincoma ukuthi ungaphuli ngisho nebhola lempande ngaphandle kokuthi livela esiqeshini ofuna ukusisusa, futhi ubaphathe njengesitshalo esijwayelekile. Uma ungenazo izimpande, ungabalinda izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi bavimbe isilonda noma basitshale ngqo, akuvamisile ukuthi kube nendaba. Uma bekwenza futhi kunqunywa ukwephula ibhola lezimpande noma ukuhlanza izimpande, lapho bebeka endaweni entsha, i-substrate kuzodingeka imboze zonke izimpande kahle. izikhala. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe lapho kubaphatha kusukela kwabo Iziqu namaqabunga kuvame ukuba namandla kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nomxube we-substrate, iningi lingaphila kwi-substrate yendawo yonke, kepha ngincoma ukuwaxuba okungenani i-30% gravel noma isihlabathi. 

WaseNingizimu Afrika

Iqembu elihlukahlukene elihlanganisa ama-aizoaceae (amatshe aphilayo nokunye okunjalo) kanye nama-succulent amaningi avela eNingizimu Afrika. Isici salezi zitshalo si lokho Ngokungafani nezinye eziningi ezedlule, zikhula kuphela lapho kupholile, zingena ku-torpor ehlobo. Lezi zitshalo ngokuvamile zifuna ama-substrates ngokweqile ukukhipha nokunisela kuphela lapho kubuzwa, ngakho-ke akuvamisile ukuthi kunconyelwe abaqalayo. Ngokuphathelene ne-substrate nokufakelwa kabusha, sizozihlukanisa ngamaqembu amathathu: 

• Amatshe aphilayo (AmaLithops, UPleiospilos, Lapidary…): Badinga i-substrate ngezendlalelo, okusho ukuthi, inhlanganisela efanayo ayinconyiwe njengezinye izitshalo. Sizodinga isisekelo samatshe amade, ungqimba lwengxube efanayo naleyo ye-napiform root cacti (I-33% gravel, i-33% sand kanye ne-33% substrate ye-cacti. Uma ubhuqu nesihlabathi kuningi, mancane amathuba okuthi sizoyibulala ngokubola, kepha okuningi kuzodingeka kuniselwe) lapho sizobeka khona izimpande zesitshalo, sizama ukuzenza zime mpo ngokuphelele (ukufeza lokhu, abaningi bancoma ukusika ingxenye enkulu yezimpande), futhi ekugcineni ungqimba lwamatshe amnandi futhi abushelelezi azomboza isiqu sesitshalo nengxenye yamaqabunga (kuzoncika ezinhlotsheni).  
• AmaCaudiciformes (IDioscorea, i-Adenium ...) yiqembu lezitshalo ezingahlobene ngempela, kepha ngokuvamile zonke zifuna isisekelo samaminerali nesikhipha ngokweqile. Ingxube ye- I-33% gravel, i-33% sand, ne-33% cactus substrate ngokuvamile nayo yenza kahle. Izimpande zawo zivame ukushuba futhi zingabi ziningi kakhulu, ngakho-ke akunzima ukugcwalisa izimbobo kahle nge-substrate. Okuthile okuthakazelisa kakhulu okungenziwa ngalezi zitshalo ukuzibeka phezulu nangaphezulu emva kokufakelwa ngakunye, kuveze i-caudex ngokwanda.
• Phumula: Iningi lizokhula kahle engxenyeni yezingxenye ezilinganayo ze-substrate yendawo yonke kanye ne-gravel noma isihlabathi futhi inqubo yokufakelwa izofana neye-crassulaceae. 

Abanye:

Lapha singafaka bonke labo abangahambelani namanye amaqembu. Ngamunye uhlukile, kepha ngokujwayelekile singasho ukuthi ngokubeka u-50% we-substrate yendawo yonke, u-50% wamatshe kanye / noma isihlabathi futhi angagcini izimpande emoyeni isikhathi eside kakhulu, zizobamba kahle. 

Ungatshala nini ama-succulent?

Ukuphendula lokhu, futhi, sizobahlukanisa ngamaqembu, kodwa okokuqala kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi uma ungahleleli ukwephula ibhola eliyimpande, isikhathi asinandaba, futhi uma sisanda kuthengwa futhi ehamba nge-substrate ephilayo efana ne-peat noma i-fiber coconut kuzodingeka ukuthi itshalwe futhi izimpande zihlanze yebo noma yebo, ngaphandle kwenkathi noma amazinga okushisa. Kumele futhi uqaphele izinguquko ezingazelelwe endaweni, ezingadala ukuthi zishe uma amahora okukhanya kwelanga enyuka ngokuzumayo, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nokulahleka okukhulu kwezimpande. 

• Ama-monocot amnandi angenayo i-bulbous: Badinga ukushisa ukuze baqede, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi uphinde uwafakele entwasahlobo noma ehlobo. Uma kwenziwa nganoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi ngeke zimpande kuze kufike ukushisa, yize ngokuvamile zimelana ngokwanele ukuba zihlale kuze kube yileso sikhathi. 
• Okunkulu: Imvamisa bazithengisa ngezikhwama lapho kuboniswa khona ukuthi kufanele zenziwe nini, kepha empeleni akubalulekile futhi kuthonya kuphela lapho zizohluma futhi ziqhakaze. Ukube zazivele zitshaliwe phambilini gwema ukulimaza izimpande ngenkathi zinamaqabunga noma izimbali. 
• I-Cactus: Isizini ayibalulekile kakhulu, yize kunconywa ukukwenza entwasahlobo noma ehlobo ukuze babe nesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo ngaphambi kobusika. 

• I-Euphorbias: Kunzima ukunikeza isikhathi esithile, kepha okuphephe kakhulu entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, okuyilapho bekhula ngamandla kakhulu. 
• ICrassulaceae: Imvamisa isikhathi asisho lutho. Okucacile okucacile yilezi I-Aeonium, eziba nezimpande kuphela lapho amazinga okushisa aphezulu esondele ku-20ºC. 
• ENingizimu Afrika: Okuhamba phambili ngokujwayelekile ekwindla, lapho ziqala ukuhluma noma ngaphambi kwesikhathi, yize lezo ezikhula futhi ehlobo zibamba noma nini. Mayelana ne- amatshe aphilayo, isikhathi esifanelekile yilapho usuqede amaqabunga amadala futhi amasha avele ngokugcwele. 
• Abanye: Kuya ngesitshalo ngasinye, kepha singabeka njengomthetho ojwayelekile kusuka maphakathi nentwasahlobo kuye ekuqaleni kwehlobo. 

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ngaphambi nangemva kokufakelwa kabusha

Ngokujwayelekile sizokwazi ukuthi isitshalo sidinga ukufakelwa kabusha uma sikhula kancane kunokujwayelekile, okuphuzi noma ngabe uyivundisa noma inembiza egcwele izimpande. Uma i-substrate abavela kuyo enkulisa ingasuswa, izinkinga zizovela ngokushesha okukhulu, etholakala okweqile kwamanzi okwenza ukungabi namanzi kanye ne-aeration yama-substrates avame ukuthwala, phakathi kwawo: 

• Ukubola kwezimpande: Kungenzeka kunoma yimuphi amnandi. 
• Ukubola kwesiqu: ngokuvamile kuyabulala ku-cacti naku i-euphorbia, kokunye ngokuvamile kulula ukubasindisa. Kuyivelakancane kakhulu ku- monocotyledons. 
• Isitshalo seBusting: ejwayelekile kakhulu kuzimpande ze-napiform cacti namatshe aphilayo. Akuvamisile ukubulala uma ilungiswa ngokushesha lapho ibonwa, yize ibenza babe babi. 
• Isitshalo esingenamanzi lokho akubuyisi noma ngabe unisela kangakanani: substrates ephilayo kakhulu ijwayele ukuba oxosha amanzi (ibuyisa amanzi) lapho yomile ngokuphelele. Ungayithola ukuthi iphinde ivuselele ngokufaka emanzini isikhashana (kusuka emizuzwini embalwa kuye emahoreni ambalwa), kepha lapho nje isoma futhi, kuzokwenzeka okufanayo. Lokhu futhi kwenzeka ngezimpande eziningi ze-napiform cacti ngoba azikwazi ukuncela amanzi agcinwe yizinto eziphilayo.

Ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha

Uma kwenziwe ngendlela efanele nangesikhathi sayo akumele kube nezinkinga, kepha uma zikhona, ezivame kakhulu yilezi:  

• Isitshalo esingenamanzi: Kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kwesidala kwama-monocot lapho izimpande sezonakele. Kungenzeka futhi ku-crassulaceae uma kufakwa elangeni eligcwele ngaphambi kokuba kube nezimpande. Akuyona inkinga kuma-succulent, ngokuvamile alulama ngokushesha lapho egxila.  Kungaba futhi ngenxa yokuchelela okunganele.
• Isisekelo esibolile: Kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ekutshaleni kuphelelwe yisikhathi I-Aeonium futhi of i-euphorbia. Imvamisa uyaqaphela ngoba isitshalo asikhuli unyaka wonke. Ixazululwa ngokusika into ebolile, uyiyeke ivale inxeba elisemoyeni isikhashana bese liyitshala futhi, ngesikhathi sayo. 
• Isitshalo esibolileNgokuvamile kwenzeka lapho unisela kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba isitshalo sibe nezimpande. Kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ku-cacti etshalwe ngaphandle kwezimpande. Ukugwema lokhu, kuvame ukuthi kunconywe ukungaziniseli kuze kube yilapho zimila. 
• Isitshalo esishisiwe: Le nkinga ayitholakali kangako ekufakelweni kabusha njengokushintshwa kwendawo. Kumele sizinakekele kakhulu izinguquko ezenzeka kungazelelwe emahoreni okukhanya kwelanga, kokubili lapho sithenga isitshalo esisha nalapho sisisusa, ngoba yize lokhu kusha kungavamile ukubulala, kuzodala izibazi ezingahlala iminyaka eminingi.

Ekupheleni kosuku, lokhu konke kuyizincomo, kungcono ukuzama uze uthole ukuthi yini okukusebenzela kangcono. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ungalokothi uyeke ukuzama ukutshala lezi zitshalo ezinhle kakhulu noma ngabe ushona zingaki. Ngokushesha noma kamuva uzothola ifomula esebenza kahle kuwe.