ukuthi izitshalo zikhula kanjani

Ofisa ukwazi kakhulu kungenzeka wake wazibuza ukuthi izitshalo zikhula kanjani Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ihlumela elincane ligcine likhule isihlahla ngamamitha ambalwa ukuphakama? Nakuba impendulo ingase ibonakale ilula, kunezinqubo eziningi nezici ezithonya lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo ukuba kwenzeke.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono konke okushoyo, sizochaza kulesi sihloko ukuthi izitshalo zikhula kanjani, sibeka amazwana kuzo zonke izigaba. Sizokhuluma ngokuzalwa kwabo, izigaba zabo zokukhula kanye nalokho okudingeka bakuthuthukise.

Zizalwa kanjani izitshalo?

Ngaphambi kokuchaza ukuthi izitshalo zikhula kanjani, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuzalwa kwazo. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi ukuhluma. Kuyinqubo yemvelo lapho imbewu inikeza uhlobo lwempilo oluba luncane ekuqaleni. Lesi silwane esisha sibizwa ngokuthi yisithombo futhi sizama ukukhula size sifinyelele ubukhulu obudingekayo ukuze siphile.

Kodwa ake sibuyele emuva. Iyini ngempela imbewu? Hhayi-ke, kumayelana nesici sokuzala esikhiqizwa ngemva kokuvundiswa, okuyisigaba esizoxoxa ngaso kamuva. Umgomo oyinhloko uwukuqhubekisela phambili izinhlobo zezitshalo, kodwa futhi ufeza umsebenzi wokuhlakazeka nokwandisa ngokuphindaphinda. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokuzalwa yesitshalo iqala lapho imbewu isisendaweni efanelekayo ukuze ikhule. Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi lapho ukuzalwa, noma inqubo yokuhluma, isiqalile, ayikwazi ukumiswa noma ukuguqulwa ngaphandle kokuba isitshalo okukhulunywa ngaso sife.

Ngokuqondene nesakhiwo sembewu, ingaphakathi layo lihlala i-endosperm. Lesi sakhi sinikeza amandla adingwa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kusithombo. Ukuze iqale inqubo kufanele imunce amanzi futhi ikhiphe ihomoni ebizwa ngokuthi i-gibberellic acid. Into ephuma kule nqubo imuncwa amangqamuzana, okuthi ngenxa yawo aqale ukwakha ama-enzyme anjongo yawo kuwukushintsha i-endosperm ukuze iguqule ibe ushukela noma ushukela, okuzoba isisekelo samandla umbungu wesitshalo ozowudinga. Lapho amaqabunga okuqala esevele, isitshalo siqala inqubo ye i-photosynthesis.

Indlela Izitshalo Ezikhula Ngayo: Izigaba

Manje njengoba sesiyazi ukuthi zizalwa kanjani, ake sibone ukuthi izitshalo zikhula kanjani. Njengoba sesishilo, uma izimo zemvelo lapho imbewu itholakala khona, inika impilo esitshalweni esisha. Le nqubo iqala ngokugqabuka kwembewu, ikhiphe impande. Yonke inqubo yokuzalwa nokukhula kwezitshalo ingahlukaniswa kalula ngezigaba ezahlukene, esizoxoxa ngazo ngezansi ukuze siqonde ukuthi izitshalo zikhula kanjani.

impova

Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezitshalo kufanele kwenziwe impova ukuze kuvundiswa kwenzeke. Le nqubo iqala lapho impova iwela ezinsikeni zembali ize ifinyelele esikhunjeni. etholakala ku-pistil yembali efanayo noma enye. Izinto ezithutha impova zisuka kwesinye isitshalo ziye kwesinye zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Kungaba izinambuzane, izinyoni noma umoya. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngale nqubo, ngincoma ukuthi ubheke isihloko sethu esichazayo yini impova.

ukuvundiswa

Manje ake sibone ukuthi kuyini ukuvundisa. Kuyinqubo okwenzeka ngayo ukuhlangana kwamangqamuzana ezitshalo zesifazane nabesilisa. Iqala lapho impova ifika esibelethweni, okwenzeka ngenxa yenqubo yokumpova. Ekuzalweni kwezitshalo, lena yindlela esabalele kakhulu.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Kuyini ukuvundiswa kwezitshalo?

ukuhluma kanye nentuthuko

Ekuqaleni kokukhula kwembewu, isesimweni sokungalali. Uma inqubo yokuhluma, esesiphawule ngayo ekuqaleni, isiqediwe, kuyazalwa lokho esikubiza ngokuthi isithombo. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, futhi lesi sidalwa esisha esiphilayo siqhubeke nokuthuthuka, uhlobo ngalunye lwesitshalo luzodinga izimo ezithile ezihlukile mayelana nomswakama, ukukhanya kanye nezinga lokushisa. Lokhu kubalulekile kukho kokubili impande kanye nehlumela lokuqala.

Ngale ndlela, ukuhluma kuqala ngokuthuthukisa umbungu. Lokhu kuqala kudla izinto ezigcinwe ngaphakathi. Uma iqala ukwanda, ijazi lembewu liyaphuka. Ngakho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo kungahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:

1. Ukuhanjiswa: Phakathi nalesi sigaba sokuqala sokuzala kwesitshalo, imbewu iqoqa umswakama kuze kube yilapho uqweqwe lwaso ekugcineni luyaphuka, okubangela ihlumela lokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kuyinqubo eyisisekelo.
2. Ukuhluma: Khona-ke ukuhluma kwenzeka. Kulesi sigaba, izinguquko ezidingekayo ze-metabolic zenzeka ukuze isithombo sikhule ngendlela efanele. Phakathi nalezi zigaba, i-hydration iyancipha kakhulu, ngokuvamile ingashiyi lutho.
3. Ukukhula: Ekugcineni kukhona ukukhula kwesitshalo. Kulesi sigaba kuvela impande yokuqala, noma i-radicle. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi sitshalo sizokwazi ukumunca imisoco namanzi ukuze sikhule futhi sikhule size sifinyelele ubukhulu obudingekayo ukuze siphile.

Izitshalo zidingani ukuze zikhule?

Kuyafana nathi, Izitshalo nazo zidinga izakhi ezihlukahlukene ukuze zikhule futhi zithuthuke. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• Ukukhanya: Ingenye yemithombo yayo eyinhloko yamandla. Kuyadingeka ekuthuthukisweni kwayo.
• Amanzi, i-carbon dioxide kanye nosawoti wamaminerali: Le mithombo yamandla iyadingeka ukuze kuqalwe izinqubo ezahlukahlukene ze-anabolic okwakhiwa ngazo izinto ezibekiwe.
• Ama-macronutrients: Bayadingeka ukuze bakwazi ukwenza i-organogenesis ne-morphogenesis ngendlela efanele. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-nitrogen, i-magnesium, i-calcium nesibabule.
• Ama-Micronutrients: Ziyadingeka ukuze kuqedelwe okunye ukusabela kwe-enzymatic okusiza imisebenzi ye-metabolic. I-Boron, i-manganese, ithusi, i-zinc nensimbi iyingxenye yaleli qembu.

Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zakhi zomsoco nezinye izici zemvelo, njengomswakama nokukhanya, izitshalo ziyakwazi ukukhula futhi zithuthuke futhi, ekugcineni, ziqhubeke nomjikelezo wazo wokuphila.