Ukulinywa kukakotini

Wake wazibuza ukuthi baluthathaphi ukotini wabo futhi ulinywa kanjani? Yebo, kuvela ukuthi esinye sezipho ezithambile ezenziwe ngemvelo (uma kungenjalo kakhulu) sivela ohlotsheni lwe-shrub nezitshalo ze-herbaceous ezilungele ukuba nazo ezingadini ezincane zohlobo lweGossypium. Okwaziwa kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kakhulu yi- I-Gossypium hirsutum, ekhula njengesitshalo sonyaka esifinyelela ku-150cm ukuphakama ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseMexico. Ngenxa yokuba rusticity kwayo futhi kulula ukutshala, ingatshalwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu.

Ukotini ubusetshenziswa ngabantu kusukela endulo, ikakhulukazi futhi ikakhulukazi ukwenza izingubo zokulala namabhantshi ukuze bazivikele emakhazeni. Kepha futhi, kuyisitshalo esithakazelisa kakhulu esifanele ukukutshala, okungenani kanye empilweni yakho.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukutshala ukotini?

Ukotini unjalo esetshenziswa ngabantu kusukela endulo, ikakhulukazi futhi ikakhulukazi ukwenza izingubo zokulala namabhantshi ukuze uzivikele emakhazeni. Kepha futhi, kuyisitshalo esithakazelisa kakhulu esifanele ukukutshala, okungenani kanye empilweni yakho.

Okokuqala ukuthola imbewu. Kuba lula ukuthola abasabalalisi abathengisa ukotini. Kungakho kungenzeka ukuthi indawo enkulisa noma ingadi eseduzane nawe inayo, noma ingayithola ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Umbhede wembewu (ongaba ugqoko wehlathi, amabhodwe ngamanye, ... noma yini onayo) usulungiswa entwasahlobo, ngemuva nje kokuba ingozi yeqhwa isidlulile. Njengesiqephu esingaphansi ungasebenzisa okukhethekile kombhede wembewu, noma owendawo yonke. Uma ukhokhelwa kangcono, kepha akubalulekile ngempela.

Kufanele siyibeke elangeni eligcwele ukuze izitshalo zikhule ngokushesha futhi zibe nempilo. Uma ubona ukuthi zikhula zinomzimba omude kakhulu, ngeziqu ezinde kakhulu nezinhle kakhulu, lokho kuyisibonakaliso esingangabazeki sokuthi azinakho ukukhanya.

Ukugwema izingozi ezingadingekile, uma sezicishe zibe u-15-20cm ubude zingatshalwa ezimbizeni ezinkulu, cishe u-45cm ububanzi. Kungabonakala njengokuyihaba kuwe, kepha lapho izimpande zinendawo engaphezulu, kulapho isitshalo sikhula ngamandla.

Izitshalo zikakotini zizoqhakaza, uma konke kuhamba kahle, ehlobo. Ubulili I-Gossypium inezimbali ezimhlophe neziphuzi, kodwa isimo asiguquki. Uma imbali isifakwe impova, i-capsule iqala ukwakheka, okuthi lapho isikhula futhi ivuleke iveze ukotini.

Lesi yisitshalo okuthi, ngaphezu kokuba nokusetshenziswa okuningana emhlabeni wezindwangu, sihle kakhulu, kuhle ukuba naso engadini noma ezimbizeni.

Ungasinakekela kanjani isitshalo sikakotini?

Kukhona okhiye ababili ababalulekile abazokwenza isivuno sakho sesitshalo sikakotini siphumelele, okuyisimo esifanele somhlabathi lapho uzotshalwa khona futhi ngokuyisisekelo kucatshangelwa inani lokunisela elikudingayo.

Isitshalo sikakotini sihamba phambili emhlabathini okhombisa ukujula okuthile nokuthi uma uniselwa, amanzi ayagcinwa. Lokhu kuhlobene nokuthi ukotini uhlala udinga umswakama ekukhuleni kwawo okufanele, ngakho-ke ubumba luvame ukunconywa njengenye yezinto ezibalulekile enhlabathini yalezi zilimo.

Noma ngabe i-substrate iwagcina wonke amanzi owanisela ngawo, vele njalo kungcono ukuchelela njalo, ehlinzeka umswakama ofanele enhlabathini, ngaphandle kokudlula lokhu nokushiya iziziba. Njengoba wazi, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuchelela futhi ungakhetha noma iyiphi yalezi, ukuthola imiphumela emihle uma inhlabathi igcinwa inomswakama.

Ukunisela

Lezi yizinhlobo zokunisela ongakhetha kuzo:

Ukuchelela ngenkasa

Le nqubo yokunisela ngenkasa ingenye esetshenziswe kakhulu ezikhathini zamuva, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezilinywa ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni, futhi imele enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokunisela isivuno sikakotini.

Lokhu kuhlobene nokuthi i-drip izohlinzeka ngomswakama oqhubekayo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ilawulwa. Kusuka ku- Ngale ndlela isitshalo sizohlala sinamanzi adingekayo, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ayisoze yakha izigxobhozi ezingayilimaza.

Ukunisela ngenkasa

Kusukela kwimiphakathi yokuqala nemibuso kuze kube namuhla Ukunisela imisele kuyindlela ephumelelayo ngokunisela okunembile kwesitshalo sikakotini, kodwa futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi kuzodingeka uthathe izinyathelo ezithile zokuqapha.

Ngokomthetho, phansi kufanele kukhombise izinga elifanele, ukuze lingangeni futhi lingami inani lamanzi endaweni ethile yesitshalo, ezithinta izitshalo. Le nqubo namuhla nayo ingabiza.

Ukunisela nge-Sprinkler

Izifafazi zokuchelela nazo ziyindlela ephumelela kakhulu, ngoba zizohlelelwa nokuthi zinisele ngokuzenzekelayo ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku kanye nenani eliqondile nelidingekayo lolu hlobo lwesitshalo. Inkinga ukuthi uhlelo lokufafaza izilimo lungasho utshalomali oluningi kakhulu, hhayi ngezinto zokwakha kuphela, kodwa nomsebenzi.

Umbhalisile

Esinye sezici ezibalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezitshalo zikakotini wukuzinikeza izakhamzimba ezizidingayo ngokufaka umquba ofanele womhlaba wazo.

Ngendlela efanayo nangezingcuphe, obhalisile kufanele alinganiselwe ngokuphelele futhi wethule amaminerali athile azobaluleka ekuthuthukisweni kwawo. Esinye sezitshalo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuvundisa lolu hlobo lwezitshalo yi-phosphorus.

Ngokuvamile, kusezindaweni ezinkulu zokuthengisa ukotini lapho ukotini usetshenziswa ngezilinganiso ezinhle, ngoba inika isitshalo amandla adingekayo okuvula i-capsule yaso ngokushesha futhi ngempumelelo.

Futhi, esinye isakhamzimba esikhulu sesitshalo sikakotini, njengezinye izitshalo eziningi, yi-potassium, ezokwenza lezi zilimo zikhule ziqine futhi zibe nempilo futhi zize zenze neziqu zazo zibe zinde kunokuba bezingavundisiwe. Yisitshalo esidinga ukukhulelwa njalo.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umanyolo owanele unganikezwa, inani likakotini elizokhishwa esitshalweni ngasinye lizoba ncane futhi ukuncipha kwesitshalo kuzobonakala ngeso lenyama.

Kulinywa nini ukotini?

Kuzoba entwasahlobo isikhathi esifanele ukuqala ukukhulisa izitshalo kukotini, lapho amazinga okushisa eqala ukukhuphuka futhi asisenawo amarekhodi emikhuhlane angayithinta engxenyeni yokuqala yokukhula kwayo. Lokhu singakwenza ngisho nangembewu ezinye izitshalo ezisishiyele yona ngezikhathi zekwindla.

Kungalesi sikhathi sonyaka lapho isitshalo sizoba nemvelo evumelana nentuthuko nokukhula okufanele, endaweni efudumele nenomswakama ehlasela ingadi yakho ngezikhathi zasentwasahlobo.

Uma kwenzeka ungenayo imbewu, ungayithenga kunoma yisiphi isitolo sengadi noma enkulisa ongayithola ukuze uqale umsebenzi wakho wokutshala. I- uzongena emanzini isikhathi esingangesuku, Ngosuku olulandelayo ukukhetha labo abacwile kulowo manzi. Lokho okuntanta ngeke kukusize ngalutho.

Ngemuva kwalokho sizobeka umbhede wembewu ebhodweni, elizogcwala ngokuphelele inhlabathi bese liniselwa, ukuze siqede ngokufaka imbewu ezimbili noma ezintathu kulowo nalowo mbhede wembewu. Lokhu kuzofakwa nge-substrate esele, bese uphinde unisele futhi, kepha kulokhu hhayi ngamanzi aqondile, kepha kunalokho ufuthwe.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ukhule ukotini?

Ngemuva kwenqubo yokuqala yokulungiselela i-substrate nembewu yokuhluma, kufanele linda phakathi kwenyanga nohhafu nezinyanga ezimbili ukuze sikwazi ukubona isitshalo okokuqala bese sikwazi ukusidlulisela phansi engadini noma ezimbizeni ezahlukahlukene.

Ngemuva kwalokhu, inqubo yonke yokukhula izofika, okuzothi ngomanyolo ophelele ozokwenza ukuthi isitshalo sethu sikakotini sikhule futhi lungela ukukhiqizwa kwe-fiber cishe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, kusukela ngesikhathi ozifake kuzo imibhede yezimbewu.

Izinhlobo zikakotini

Ingabe bewazi lokho hhayi kuphela ukuthi kunezinhlobo zikakotini ezingatshalwa, kodwa ingabe kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele? Isitshalo sikakotini sinezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi zingu-4 kuphela kulezi zinhlobo lezo imicu yazo engasetshenziswa ukuhweba.

Lezi yizinhlobo ezine ezitshalwa ukuze zithengiswe kamuva:

I-Gossipium arboreum

Esinye sezitshalo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokutshala nokuhweba ukotini emhlabeni zivela eSri Lanka naseNdiya, kodwa Isatshalaliswa nakwezinye izindawo eziningi, okuyingxenye enkulu yezwekazi lase-Afrika kanye nayo yonke iYurophu, njengoba ingenye yezindawo ezitholakala kakhulu ezindaweni zikakotini e-Andalusia.

I-Gossypium barbadense

Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo sikakotini lwenzeka ezindaweni eziseningizimu, njengeNingizimu Melika ngisho nakwamanye amazwe ageza iPacific Ocean, kodwa nasengxenyeni yawo eseningizimu. Ingenye yamakotoni asetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba iyingxenye yeqembu elikhethiwe elibizwa ngokuthi ama-fiber cottons angeziwe.

I-Gossipium herbaceum

Olunye uhlobo oluhlinzeka ngemicu emelana namakhokho alo futhi olusuka ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, yize isetshenziswa futhi kulo lonke elaseSpain nasePortugal, lapho sekuyinhlobo ekhula ngokwemvelo.

I-Gossypium hirsutum

Lolu hlobo Iphinde ibe yindawo yaseMelika Ephakathi futhi isiphenduke uphawu lokuhweba kukakotini kulo lonke leli zwekazi, ukuthandwa kakhulu ngokuba yizinhlobo ezilinywa kakhulu e-United States. Lezi zinhlobo zimele iningi lokukhiqizwa kukotini emhlabeni jikelele.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla zikakotini zitholakala kuzo zonke izindawo ezishisayo nezinomswakama zomhlaba. Lezi zivame ukufakwa emahlathini angatholakali ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ngoba abaphikisi ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-300 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle futhi bangafinyelela cishe kumamitha angamashumi amathathu esigabeni sabo sabadala.

Ngaphandle kokungabaza ukukhishwa kukakotini kulezi zihlahla ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwalezi zihlahla, yize kwaziwa ukuthi ukhuni lwayo lusetshenziswa kabanzi ngezici zalo zokwehla, ukwenza izihlenga nezinsimbi zasemanzini.