Iminqumo (Olea Europeizitshalo okutholakala kuzo iminqumo noma iminqumo, kepha zikhona ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zohlobo igagasi, konke kuyafana, kepha kunezimpawu ezihlukile. Lolu hlobo lwakhiwe Izinhlobo ezingama-33 Zitholakala kulo lonke elase-Afrika, eMedithera Yurophu, e-Asia ashisayo, eNew Guinea nasempumalanga ye-Australia.
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngakho konke okwaziyo ngalezi zitshalo, sizama ukwenza ezinye izinhlobo ezingandile zaziwe.
Izici ezijwayelekile zohlobo lwe-Olea
Isithombe - Wikimedia / David Brühlmeier
Zonke izinhlobo zinjalo izihlahla noma izihlahlana zokhuni oluminyene, ezinamaqabunga alula, aphambene nemiphetho ephelele. Amaqabunga ngokuvamile anesikhumba (aqinile), ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezinesimo sezulu esomile. Isimo samaqabunga siyi-oval futhi sinamathanga, siba side kakhulu futhi sibe mncane ezindaweni ezomile futhi sibanzi ezindaweni ezishisayo. Izimbali zincane, zinamacembe amane, futhi zibonakala ziqoqwe ngamakhrim. Izithelo ziyahlukahluka ngombala, kepha zihlala zifana neminqumo, idrupe ene-endocarp (umgodi) oqinile ovikela imbewu.
Ngokuqondene nokunakekelwa, akulula ukukhuluma ngazo ngokujwayelekile ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene ezikhula kuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, alukho ulwazi oluthembekile ngezinhlobo zezilwane ngaphandle kwe- Olea Europe, ngoba ngokuvamile azitshalwa.
Sebenzisa
Njengoba wazi, iminqumo (isithelo se- Olea Europe) zisetshenziswa zombili ukukhipha amafutha zekhwalithi enhle kakhulu ukuze ukudla ngemuva kokubabeka enqubweni ethile. Lezi zinhlobo zisetshenziselwa nezinkuni zokubasa, ikakhulukazi uma zingasaniki imikhiqizo emikhulu noma ngokuzithena. Kujwayelekile futhi ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezindala njenge isitshalo sokuhlobisa, kwesinye isikhathi uthenwa ngezindlela zokufuna ukwazi. Izinhlobonhlobo zawo zasendle, umuthi womnqumo wasendle, ungasetshenziswa futhi ukukhipha uwoyela osezingeni eliphakeme (yize isithelo ngasinye sikhiqiza okuncane kakhulu), kepha okuvame kakhulu ukuwutshala bonsai noma ulisebenzise ekwakheni amahlathi kabusha. Umnqumo wasendle nawo uvame ukusetshenziswa njengesisekelo somuthi womnqumo.
Banikezwa futhi okunye ukusetshenziswa ezihlahleni zeminqumo, usebenzisa uwoyela njengesisekelo sokwenza amakha noma insipho neminye imikhiqizo yezimonyo, noma ngokupheka amaqabunga noma ukukhonkotha futhi uwusebenzise njengomuthi wokwelapha. Zonke ezinye izinhlobo zingasetshenziswa ezindaweni zazo zokudabuka, kodwa hhayi ngaphandle kwalapho. Kwakunezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingabonakala ezingadini zezitshalo, njenge Amagagasi ase-Afrika, kepha iningi manje selithathwa njengezinhlobo ezincane ze- Olea Europe. Ukuphela komuntu ongathola ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni es I-Olea capensis, isihlahla sase-Afrika esinelinye lamahlathi anzima kakhulu (sibizwa ngokuthi i-ironwood).
Izinhlobo ezivelele kakhulu
Olea Europe
Izinhlobo eziguquguqukayo kakhulu, ezingahle zisuke emaphandleni ziye esihlahleni. Kukude lizinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho zohlobo lwe-Olea, esinye sezitshalo ezinkulu zaseMedithera. Imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi Olea Europe izihlahla zomnqumo ezilinyiwe kuphela, ezineziqu ezijiyile, i-lanceolate, amaqabunga agobile kanye nengaphansi kwesiliva. Ngokuvamile izithelo ezimnyama, ezinkulu ngosayizi uma kuqhathaniswa nayo yonke i-Olea, yize incike enhlobonhlobo. Ukukhonkotha okubushelelezi, kodwa isiqu esinamandla kakhulu ngeminyaka. Empeleni leli gama lifaka phakathi konke okuncane esizokubona ngezansi. Igama elifanele lemithi yeminqumo elinyiwe ngu Olea europaea subsp. i-europaea var. europaea. Noma ngamafuphi, Olea Europe kulandelwa igama lokulima.
Ngokuqondene nokunakekelwa, okufanayo kuwo wonke ama-subspecies: Bakhetha ukuba selangeni eligcwele, yize bebekezelela umthunzi othile. Zimelana nesomiso kahle kakhulu, yize zikhula kangcono ngokutholakala njalo kwamanzi. Azidingi nhlobo ngohlobo lwenhlabathi, inqobo nje uma inamapayipi amahle. Amelana neqhwa kahle, kepha lapha ama-subspecies kanye ne-cultivar abalulekile, amanye amelana namazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka -10ºC kanti amanye anenkinga engaphansi kuka--2ºC.
Olea europaea var. sylvestris
El umnqumo wasendle. Omdabu kuso sonke isifunda saseMedithera. Empeleni leli gama lesayensi alilungile ngokuphelele, ngoba aliphelele. Ukubhekisa kuye, into elungile kunazo zonke ukubabiza Olea europaea subsp. i-europaea var. sylvestris. Shrub-like, ngokuvamile incane kunezihlahla zomnqumo, enesiqu esihle kakhulu namagatsha. Amaqabunga awo mancane, amile okweqanda, ayisicaba, anendawo engaphezulu ecwebezelayo emnyama ocacile nangaphansi okuluhlaza okukhanyayo. Imvamisa zikhiqiza amahlumela amahle aguqulwa abe ngameva.
EMallorca sithola i-ullastre, okuyizinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zomnqumo zasendle ezinosayizi omncane namaqabunga ayindilinga futhi amancane.
I-Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata
Ngaphambilini kwabizwa Amagagasi ase-Afrika. Kucishe kufane nezihlahla zomnqumo ezilinyiwe, kepha ngezithelo ezincane ne-orenji esikhundleni sesiliva elingaphansi. Futhi ngokuvamile inosayizi omkhulu. Amagxolo alo aqala abushelelezi, kodwa ekugcineni aqhekeka abe amapuleti amancane. Yiba ne- indawo enkulu yokusabalalisa, ingena kulo lonke elaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, idabula iPeninsula yase-Arabia iye ezingxenyeni ezithile zeNingizimu ye-Asia.
Olea europaea subsp. i-guachira
Isimo sengqondo kusuka eziqhingini ze-canary. Ngaphandle kwalokho, cishe akuhlukaniswa nomnqumo wasendle, yize ungenameva.
I-Olea capensis
Umuthi womnqumo wensimbi, onokhuni oluqinile nolukhuni kakhulu lomndeni, kakhulu kangangokuba uyacwila. Amaqabunga ayi-lanceolate, makhulu, afana kakhulu nalawa we-laurel kunalawo ezihlahla zeminqumo, ezinombala ofanayo ohlaza ohlaza ohlangothini olungaphezulu nangaphansi. Iba yisihlahla esikhulu, esifinyelela ku-40m, esinamagxolo ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu, emashidini amhlophe amile mpo emnyama. Isithelo simnyama futhi sincane kakhulu, sincane kakhulu kuneso somnqumo wasendle. Ukusatshalaliswa kwayo okuyinhloko ngu I-afrika eshisayo, kodwa futhi iyatholakala eNingizimu Afrika naseMadagascar.
Ezinye izinhlobo
Kunezinye izinhlobo ezingama-30 ze-Olea, kepha zaziwa kancane kakhulu futhi akukho lwazi ngazo. Into ephawuleka kakhulu ukuthi eziningi zazo zinamaqabunga acwebezelayo, afana nalawo amanye ama-ficus (njenge I-Olea paniculata, ebukeka njenge UFicus benjaminanoma ama-privet. Eqinisweni, izinhlobo eziningi ze igagasi ngaphambi kokuba zibhekwe I-Ligustrum.
Ucabangani? Ubuwazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ze- igagasi ngaphezu kwe Olea Europe? Isihawu asikwazi ukubancoma, ngoba ngisho nembewu ayithengiswa.