Ulwelwe yizinto eziphilayo ezitholakala ikakhulukazi endaweni yasemanzini, njengezilwandle noma imifula. Banekhono lokwenza i-photosynthesis, okungukuthi, ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ukudla, yingakho zikhula kulezo zindawo lapho imisebe yelanga ingafinyelela khona.
Yize ekuqaleni bekungahle kube nelukuluku, abantu bathole ukusetshenziswa okubili okuthakazelisa kakhulu: okunye kuyadliwa, ukungeza ekudleni kwemifino noma i-vegan ngokwesibonelo, kanti okunye kungumanyolo wezitshalo. Eqinisweni, umanyolo okhishwa olwandle olwandle ungenye ephelele kakhulu esingayinika izitshalo. Ukuze, ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi lezi zinto eziphilayo.
Yini ulwelwe?
Izimila zasolwandle ngokuyinhloko ziyizinto eziphila emanzini ezinamandla we-photosynthetic. Zingaba ngama-unicellular noma ama-multicellular, zikhudlwana noma zincane, kepha zonke zihlukaniswe ngaphakathi kwesizinda se-Eukaryota (eukaryotic), ngoba zine-cell cell eyiqiniso futhi echazwe kahle.
Kukholelwa ukuthi baqala ukutadisha ngesikhathi seGrisi yasendulo, ngoba kuyaziwa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi babevele basebenzise igama elithi "phykos" elihumusha njengesitshalo sasolwandle. I- "Phykos" ekugcineni yayizothathelwa indawo i- "fucus", okusho ukuthi ulwelwe futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, enikeza igama layo kuhlobo lonke lwe-algae ensundu (Fucus) esizobona ngezansi ukuthi luyini.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezi-4 ze-algae?
I-algae ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngokulandelayo:
- Ulwelwe oluhlazaZivame ukuhlukaniswa njengezitshalo, ngoba empeleni izitshalo zasemhlabeni kukholakala ukuthi zivela kubo. Zingaba unicellular noma multicellular. Bahlala emanzini ahlanzekile, yize u-10% wezinhlobo uhlala olwandle.
- Ulwelwe olunsundu: yizinto eziphilayo, okusho ukuthi, azizona izitshalo, noma isikhunta noma izilwane. Ziyaziwa nangokuthi ulwelwe olunsundu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibaluleke kakhulu ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni eziningi, ngoba zingabakhiqizi abakhulu bezinto eziphilayo, eziqala ukudla noma i-trophic chain.
- Ulwelwe olubomvu: ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-rhodóphyte, yilawo ngokuya ngezimpawu zawo angaba ngaphakathi kombuso weGlaucophyta uma engama-unicellular, noma i-Viridiplantae, eyokugcina ifana ne-Plantae (impela, kukhona labo ababheka ukuthi i-Viridiplantae ayilungile ngempela , kepha iPlantae, umbuso wezitshalo eziluhlaza).
- Abanye abaculi: leli qembu lokugcina lifaka phakathi izisu, ama-cryptophytes, noma ama-dinoflagellates. Zonke ziyingxenye ye-phytoplankton.
Izintshisekelo ze-algae
Ama-algae amaningi anokuziphatha okunelukuluku lokusinda. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ulwelwe oluhlaza kanye ne-cyanobacteria kusungula ubudlelwano bokufanelana nesikhunta, kubangela ubulembu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-algae amaningi angama-unicellular ahlala ezilwaneni, isibonelo esicacile ngamakhorali, ekhulisa ubudlelwane lapho angahlala khona endaweni ethanda ukukhula kwabo.
Elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi kukhona ulwelwe oluthile oluyisidlakudla. Isibonelo, kukhona amanye amaPrototheca abangela isifo sokuvuvuka kwebele esiswini ezinkomeni; igagasi I-Phormidium corallycticum, eyi-cyanobacterium, elimaza amakhorali.
Uvelaphi ulwelwe?
Yize kungenzeki ukwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi zaqala nini, kukholakala ukuthi bakwenza eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1600 edlule, ngesikhathi seMesoproterozoic. Ubulembu obubomvu buzokwenza cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1200 edlule, no-algae oluhlaza eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-1000 edlule.
Futhi ngalokhu, izimo zemvelo zidlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Isibonelo, ulwelwe oluhlaza seluguqukile ukujwayela amanzi ane-asidi, ne-pH phakathi kuka-0,05 no-3 futhi namazinga okushisa angafika ku-50ºC noma ngaphezulu; futhi ulwelwe olubomvu luhlala ezindaweni ezifinyelela kumamitha angama-260 ukujula, lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungafinyeleli khona.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-algae
Ulwelwe lunokusetshenziswa okuningi, njenge:
Izinkomba zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
I-algae yizinto ezizenzakalelayo, okungukuthi, ezikwazi ukuzenzela ukudla kwazo nge-photosynthesis. Kepha njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, basabela ngandlela thile lapho izimo abahlala kuzo ziguquka. Ngalesi sizathu, abantu bayasisiza ukuthi sibone imiphumela yokufudumala komhlaba olwandle.
Yize bengasabeli kuphela lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka / lehla, cha. I-acidification yase-Ocean, ebangwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcola, ibangela ulwelwe lwande. Lapho ufaka umanyolo emanzini, okwenzayo ngempela ukondla ulwelwe, oluzokhula ngokushesha okukhulu kangangokuthi ngeke lushiye indawo yezitshalo noma izilwane ezihlala lapho.
Lokhu kuthinta nokudoba ngakho-ke nokudla kwethu, njengoba kuzoqala ukuthi kube nezinhlanzi ezimbalwa ezingeke zithole ithuba lokudla kahle.
Manje, akuyona yonke into okufanele ibe yimbi. Kunokusetshenziswa okubili esikunikeza ulwelwe futhi okuthakazelisa kakhulu, okuthakazelisa kakhulu, njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni. Futhi ake siqale ngokukhuluma nge-algae edliwayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kokudla
Ukudla ulwelwe ngezikhathi ezithile kuzosisiza ukuthi sibe nempilo engcono, ngoba Zinezinto ezilwa namagciwane, eziphikisana nokuvuvukala futhi zizosisiza futhi ukuthi sigcine isikhumba esinempilo. Futhi kuvame ukufakwa ekudleni kwalabo abaphethwe yi-hypothyroidism, ngoba bacebile nge-iodine futhi, nakwi-fiber. Kepha yebo: ungasebenzisi kabi.
EJapan, ngokwesibonelo, bebezidla isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke izitshalo zabo zamathumbu zitholakale ukuthi ziqukethe ibhaktheriya elibasiza ekugayweni kwabo: Ama-bacteroides plebeius. Ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokuthi unezihlobo eziqondile zaseJapan, ungaba nobunzima bokuzihlanganisa kahle.
Engadini
Siza engxenyeni yokuthi, uma sitshala izitshalo, nakanjani sizokuba nentshisekelo kuyo. Ulwelwe lusetshenziswa njengamanyolo kanye nama-biostimulants emvelo (njenge lokhu). Bacebile ngezakhamzimba, njenge-nitrogen, i-potassium noma i-phosphorus, ngakho-ke bayisikhundla esihle sikamanyolo wamakhemikhali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuya ngesethulo sabo, sinabo njengama-foliar fertilizer, okungukuthi, lawo asetshenziswa ngqo emaqabungeni, kanye nomanyolo osetshenziswa ngothayela wokunisela, umanzisa umhlaba ukuze izimpande ziwumunce. Kepha ukuze kube wusizo kithi kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalo yokusetshenziswa, njengoba kungumanyolo ogxile kakhulu.
Siyethemba ukuthi le ndatshana ekhuluma ngolwelwe ikuthakazelisile.