Baningi abantu abazibuza uyini umehluko phakathi kwamazambane nobhatataNjengoba kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, ukunambitheka kolunye nokunye kungahluka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi ngayinye yazo kucatshangwa ukuthi ingeyohlobo oluthile.
Ngakho-ke uma nawe unalo mbuzo futhi ungathanda ukuthi ngiwuxazulule, kule ndatshana ngizokumbulela imfihlakalo 🙂.
Yini umehluko okhona?
Impendulo ithi… akekho. Womabili amazambane obhatata namazambane angamanye amagama amaningi ajwayelekile esitshalo se-Ipomoea batatas. Okwenzekayo ukuthi abantu ngamunye, izwe ngalinye, babiza izidalwa zezitshalo ngendlela ethile, into eyejwayelekile ngokuphelele ngoba ngasinye sazo sinomlando waso, ulimi lwaso noma ulimi lwaso, amasiko aso nabanye.
Kepha lokhu kuyinkinga lapho utadisha izidalwa zezitshalo, ngoba amagama ajwayelekile noma athandwayo athanda ukudala ukudideka okuningi. Kungakho kwasungulwa amagama esayensi. Lokhu kungokwemvelo yonke, ngakho-ke noma ngubani kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba ofuna ukuthola ulwazi ngesitshalo okukhulunywa ngaso kuzodingeka azi igama laso lesayensi ukuthola lokho abakufunayo.
Linjani ubhatata noma ubhatata?
La Ama-Ipomoea batatas kuyisitshalo esikhuphukayo esihlala njalo owazalelwa eNingizimu Melika naseMelika Ephakathi. Emazweni aseLatin America afana neVenezuela neColombia, yaziwa kangcono njengobhatata noma i-chaco (igama liyahluka ngesifunda). Iba neziqu ezincanyana nezine-herbaceous, ezinezimpande kuma-node. Amaqabunga aphelele noma anezinyo, angaba ngu-5-10cm ubude nobubanzi, i-glabrous noma i-pubescent. Izimbali zihlelwe ngama-cyymos kuya kuma-inflorescence we-cymosy-umbellate ombala omhlophe-obomvana onesikhungo se-lilac. Isithelo sine-ovoid, silinganisa u-4-5cm ubude nobubanzi, futhi ngaphakathi sizothola imbewu eyindilinga engu-3-4mm ubude.
Izici Zamazambane Amnandi
Esikwaziyo njengezambane lobhatata empeleni kuyisigaxa, ebesilinywa iminyaka eminingi emlandweni wesintu. Isici sokufuna ukwazi ngobhatata ukuthi ngeke zihlale zinomumo noma umbala ofanayo. Ngamanye amagama, ubhatata otshalwa eYurophu ngeke ufane nalawo atshalwa eLatin America futhi lokhu kungenzeka kube yinkinga yokudideka okukhulu esikubalulile ezigabeni zokuqala.
Ukuze uyiqonde kangcono, alikho ikilasi elilodwa lamazambane kodwa kunezinhlobonhlobo zazo. Ngalesi sizathu, ungathola ubhatata omhlophe noma ophuzi, ngisho namazambane awolintshi ngoba ahlukile kuwo. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kwehlukahluka kumbala wayo kungabonakala enyameni yesilimo sesikhumba nasesikhumbeni sayo.
Mayelana nokuthungwa kwayo nokunambitheka kwayo, singakusho lokho kuphekwe kunokunambitheka okumnandi nokuthi ijwayele ukudideka noma kube nzima ukukuthola, ngoba ukunambitheka kwayo kubukeka njengokuxubana phakathi kwethanga namazambane.
Ukuhlonza ubhatata kuncike kakhulu olwazini lwakho ngalo. Okusho ukuthi, uma ungazi ukuthi ubhatata uqobo unjani, ngeke ukwazi ukwazi ukuthi uthengani noma udla siphi isigaxa futhi ngalokhu, udinga ukwazi izici zawo.
Sesivele sishilo ngezinhloko, ezifana nombala wazo, ukuthungwa nokunambitheka kwazo. Kepha ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezici ezithile zokudla okunempilo okufanele wazi futhi. Ezinye zazo yilezi:
- Inoshukela ababalelwa ku-3% kuphela, okuyizinga eliphansi impela uma ucabanga ukuthi inokunambitha okumnandi.
- Igama elinikeziwe livela encazelweni yesiGreki "efana namazambane." Iqiniso elihle kakhulu ngoba amazambane nobhatata yizilimo eziyizigaxa ezihlukile.
- Ayinawo umkhondo we-cholesterol kanti amaphesenti ayo amafutha angu-0%.
- Mayelana nenani le-caloric, linama-calories angaphezu kwama-90 kuwo wonke amagremu ayi-100 amazambane adliwe.
- Phakathi kwezakhamzimba ezinamazambane, okubaluleke kakhulu i-vitamin C. Ukutholwa kwamazambane nsuku zonke kusho ukwanda kwamazinga kavithamini C ngama-70%, lokhu kuhumusha kabili izakhi ezinikezwa amazambane.
- Kokubili i-tuber (ubhatata) namaqabunga esitshalo uqobo kuyadliwa, kanye namahlumela neziqu. Ngokuqondene neyokugcina, abanye bathi ukunambitheka kufana nalokho kwesipinashi.
- Lesi sici sokugcina mhlawumbe siphawuleka kakhulu, ngoba ingxenye edliwayo yesitshalo (amaqabunga, ihlumela neziqu) ibizwa ngokuthi ubhatata.
Ngakho-ke uma uzwa umuntu ethi izinto ezihlukile, uqinisile, kepha wazi ukuthi ukhuluma ngesitshalo esisodwa.
Izinhlobo zamazambane
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-400, okuvame kakhulu ukuba yilokhu okulandelayo:
- I-Californian, inyama ebomvu
- I-Violet, enesikhumba esibushelelezi se-violet nenyama ebomvu
- IGeorgia, inyama ewolintshi
- I-Eland, inyama ebomvu ngokubomvu
- Ikhulu leminyaka, inyama ebomvu
- UJasper, inyama ebomvu
- roja
- URose waseMalaga
Ayimelani nokubanda noma isithwathwa, ukuze kuthi ezindaweni ezifudumele ikhule njengonyaka. Futhi uma lezo zivame kakhulu, kukhona ezinye esifuna wazi futhi:
Ubhatata ophuzi
Kuyaziwa nangokuthi ubhatata owolintshi, kusukela amagxolo alo aphuzi, kanti ingaphakathi le-tuber liwolintshi. Kuzo zonke izinketho ezikulolu hlu, lubhekwa njengolumnandi kakhulu futhi olunokuthengiswa okuphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Ubhatata onsomi
Leli gama lingenxa yombala onsomi ongabonakala ngaphakathi nangaphandle ku-tuber. Ukulinywa kwayo nokuthengiswa kwayo kuyathandwa emazweni anjengeChina neMexico, yize iChina kunguyena onomkhiqizo omkhulu kunayo yonke wobhatata onsomi kuze kube manje.
Ubhatata Olumhlophe
Lokhu kuvamise ukudideka namazambane njengoba enezici ezifanayo. Noma kunjalo, kungahlukaniswa sibonga iqiniso lokuthi inombala ophuzi kancane kunamazambane futhi ezingeni lokudla okunempilo, icebile ngesitashi.
Ubhatata Obomvu
Lapha singena emkhakheni lapho ubhatata noma ubhatata kungavamile khona, ikakhulukazi emazweni akhuluma iSpanishi. Kodwa-ke, idume kakhulu eJapane ngoba iyizwe eliyinhloko elibhekele ukulinywa nokukhiqizwa kwalo.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho lokho ubumnandi baleli bhatata limnandi futhi isikhumba sinamathoni abomvu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ingaphakathi selibonile, kungaqashelwa ukuthi umbala wayo uwumbala okhilimu phakathi kophuzi no-orange.
Ubhatata wasentabeni
Kufanele wazi ukuthi leli bhatata imhlophe qwa ngaphakathi kanti isikhumba sinemithunzi efana nokhuni. Isetshenziswa kabanzi eMexico nakwamanye amazwe amaningi aseCaribbean naseMelika Ephakathi.
Ubhatata wasendle
Leli ngelinye lamacala ambalwa awela esimweni esifanayo namazambane avela egqumeni. Ubhatata wasendle akuwona owomndeni wamazambane obhatata. Kungaphezulu kokwehluka kwe-yam Kuvame ukukhula endle eNyakatho Melika, eNingi laseCaribbean naseNingizimu Melika.
Ngokubukeka, icishe ifane nanoma iyiphi enye i-yam ngaphandle kokuthi isikhumba sinombala onsundu futhi inyama imhlophe qwa. Ingadliwa njenganoma yimuphi omunye ubhatata kodwa inokusetshenziswa okungeziwe ukubhekana nezimo ezithile zempilo.
Ezinye izinto ezinomsoco wamazambane obhatata noma ubhatata
Sekuvele kwacaca impela ukuthi kunomsoco kanjani ukudla ubhatata noma ubhatata. Ngokuya ngokuthanda kwakho nezidingo zakho, ungadla i-tuber uqobo noma izingxenye ezithile zesitshalo. Noma kunjalo, uzosebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zezakhamzimba ezinjenge:
- Uzothola amakhalori angaphezu kwayi-100 kuwo wonke amagremu ayi-130 amazambane obhatata.
- Uzodla kuphela ngaphansi kuka-0.1 amagremu wokusebenza okufanayo.
- Ngeke udle noma iyiphi i-cholesterol.
- Iqukethe cishe i-73 mg ye-sodium ne-448 mg ye-potassium.
- Kuqukethe cishe amagremu angama-30 ama-carbohydrate.
- Kuqukethe i-4 g yefayibha yokudla
- Amazinga kashukela aphansi kakhulu.
- Uzoba nensimbi, i-calcium, i-magnesium novithamini B-6
- Umthombo ocebile kavithamini A no-C.
Ngamafuphi, unakho konke okudingayo ukuze ube nempilo. Vele, kukodwa akuhlangabezani nenani lomsoco lomuntu ojwayelekile, kepha uma ukuhlanganisa nokunye ukudla, impilo yakho izothuthukiswa.
Izizathu nezinzuzo zokuphuza ubhatata
Manje uma kwenzeka uzibuze yini ukubaluleka noma izinzuzo zokudla ubhatata noma ubhatata, lapha sizokunikeza ezinye ngaphambi kokuvalelisa.
- Ilungele ukubhekana nokuqunjelwa ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwe-fiber ephezulu.
- Kungasiza ukwehlisa isisindo noma kunikeze umuntu inzuzo ezingeni lemisipha.
- Iphelele kulabo abadlala imidlalo futhi badinga i-generator yamandla emvelo.
- Isiza ukuthuthukisa ukugaya.
- Kuqinisa amasosha omzimba.
- Kuyasebenza ekwelapheni i-asthma ne-bronchitis.
Izinzuzo ziningi nezizathu zigcwele. Ngakho-ke kufanele uyothenga ubhatata njengamanje bese uqala ukuwadla.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukutshala ubhatata, chofoza lapha.
Isithombe sokuqala singadida lapho ufunda izici, eziza ngemuva kwesithombe sesithathu. Isithombe sokuqala, empeleni, ubhatata (njengoba sikubiza lapha eVenezuela), noma ubhatata, noma ubhatata. Kokunye bazokutshela noma yiliphi elinye igama, kepha yilokho amagama esiqeshana se-binomial esenzelwe wona.
Ithuba lokudideka livela eqinisweni lokuthi isithombe sokuqala sihambisana nengxenye esiyidlayo, ubhatata, kepha ezansi kwesithombe sesithathu ubukhulu besithelo kuthiwa (4-5 cm). Kuma-unsusus, noma i-layman, noma i-neophyte, kungahunyushwa ukuthi ubhatata osesithombeni isithelo, futhi akubonakali u-5 cm, okungesiwo. Isithelo sikhiqizwa ngenhla, ngemuva kwembali, kanti ubhatata ukhiqizwa ngezansi, ungcwatshwe, futhi ungaphezulu kuka-5 cm. Ubhatata yisigaxa, kanti isithelo esincane somoya.