Ziningi izinambuzane nezifo ezingathinta izitshalo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, phakathi kwezinto ezicasulayo nezinzima kakhulu ukuqeda izimuncagazi yi-nematode yomhlabathi, ezikwazi ukucekela phansi wonke amasimu okulima.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalesi zinambuzane, ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda. Sizochaza ukuthi iyini i-nematode yomhlabathi, umonakalo engawenza nokuthi ungayilawula kanjani.
Ayini ama-nematode omhlaba?
Okokuqala sizochaza ukuthi yiziphi ama-nematode emhlabathini. Kuyizimuncagazi ukukhula kwazo kwenzeka emhlabathini futhi ezithinta izitshalo. Lezi zikelemu ezincane ziphakathi kwamamilimitha angu-0,1 no-3 ngosayizi. Ukuphakela, babhoboza izitshalo futhi bamunce imisoco ezimpandeni namaseli okufanayo. Ngenxa yalokho, imifino ethintekile ivame ukuchayeka ezenzweni ezivela kumabhaktheriya, amagciwane kanye nesikhunta.
Ikakhulukazi kubalimi bayinkinga enkulu kakhulu. I-Soil nematodes ingadala umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni, ngisho nokuze konakalisa isivuno sonke. Uma le nkinga ingavinjelwa noma ingalashwa ngesikhathi, ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kungaba kukhulu kakhulu. Imithombo ehlukahlukene ilinganisela ukuthi i-nematode yomhlabathi inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo emhlabeni wonke ngamaphesenti aphakathi kuka-135 no-XNUMX unyaka ngamunye. Lokhu kulingana nama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-XNUMX ngonyaka.
Ukulimala okungadalwa yi-nematode yomhlabathi
Uma i-nematode etheleleka ngesitshalo ifike ngephutha ensimini, kungathatha iminyaka eminingana ukuthi inani labantu basensimini libe likhulu ngokwanele ukuthi libangele izimpawu ezibonakalayo emifino. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinambuzane zihamba kancane emhlabeni. Nokho, ukusabalala kwawo kwenziwa kalula ngokuhambisa inhlabathi ehlaselwe. Angaphinda ahlasele izingxenye zezitshalo ngisho nezinto imbala, njengemishini yezolimo namathuluzi, izinto zokutshala, njll.
Lapho ukuhlasela kwe-nematodes kwenhlabathi sekusakazeke ngokwanele ukuze kubangele ukungahambi kahle okubonakalayo ezitshalweni, okulandelayo kuzoqala ukwenzeka uphawu:
- Ukunciphisa nokuvuvukala kwezimpande
- Ukubukeka kwenyongo noma amafindo ezimpandeni
- I-Chlorosis emaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi kancane kancane
- Ukusebenza kuyehla
- Ukuvuvukala kwezitshalo
- Ibambezelekile noma ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezithelo
- Amabala amnyama ezimpandeni
- Ukubambezeleka ekubonakaleni kokuqubuka kwezifo
- Izitshalo eziningi ezinezimpawu esitshalweni esifanayo
Ngokuyisisekelo, i-nematodes emhlabathini yenza izimpande zibole futhi zenze isitshalo sibe buthaka ngokumunca imisoco yaso. Uma izimpande sezihambile, ziyaqhubeka nokumba umhlabathi zize zifinyelele ezimpandeni ezinempilo elandelayo. Ngaphandle komonakalo obalulekile lezi zinambuzane eziwudala emifino, bandisa ingozi yokuthi bathole izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane kanye nesikhunta.
Indlela yokulawula i-nematodes yenhlabathi?
Ngeshwa, uma umhlaba usugcwele ama-nematodes, akukho okuningi esingakwenza. Njengoba zingama-parasites ahlala ngaphansi komhlaba, kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi ukulwa nabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usayizi wayo omncane nawo wenza lo msebenzi ube nzima kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, sinayo inketho yokuqeda ama-nematode ngendlela yemvelo.
Enye yezindlela esingazama ngazo ukuqeda lezi zinambuzane ezicasulayo i-solarization noma i-biosolarization. Kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu, kodwa idinga ukuthi insimu iphelelwe izitshalo ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwayo. Ngokuyisisekelo imayelana nokwenyusa izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kuze kucekelwe phansi amagciwane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umhlabathi umbozwe ngepulasitiki esobala okungenani amasonto amane ehlobo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semisebe yelanga emikhulu kakhulu.
Enye indlela yokulwa ne-nematodes yomhlabathi ngendlela yemvelo yi ukwethula izilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo zazo, njengamanye amagciwane noma isikhunta. Le ndlela ayisebenzi kahle kuneyangaphambili, kodwa iyasiza ekulawuleni lezi zinambuzane.
Prevención
Njengoba bethi, "ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha." Ngakho, okungcono kakhulu esingakwenza ukuze sisebenzise amasu okuvimbela ukuvimbela isivuno sethu ukuthi singaphazanyiswa yi-nematode yomhlabathi. Kunamasu amaningana esingawasebenzisa ukuze sizuze ukuvimbela okuhle:
- Izichibiyelo: Uma sivundisa umhlaba ngomquba, umquba noma umquba, sizonciphisa inani lama-nematodes emhlabathini.
- Tshala umquba endaweni eluhlaza njengezidumba. Ngale ndlela umhlabathi uba ne-nitrogen eningi, engeyinhle kuma-nematodes.
- Tshala imithi yokuxosha i-nematode, njenge calendula, lo dahlia, i-pyrethrum margarita, i-rue noma i-marigold.
- Yomisa umhlaba omusha elangeni izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuyengeza esikweni.
- Ukuzungezisa izitshalo: Ngalesi senzo sizokwazi ukunciphisa inani lama-nematode atholakala emhlabathini.
Uma usuvele unezinkinga ngalezi zinambuzane ezicasulayo, ungasishiya okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kumazwana.