Shin kun taɓa mamakin yadda kuke samun launuka da yawa a cikin yadudduka? Kodayake ana amfani da dyes na roba a yau, mutum ya fara amfani da furanni don bawa launuka launi. A halin yanzu, har yanzu ana amfani da nau'o'in abubuwan da ake kira dyeing plant a cikin gida da muhalli: Shuke-shuke masu dacewa da rini yadudduka.
Idan kuna sha'awar batun kuma kuna son ƙarin sani game da waɗannan kayan marmari masu ban sha'awa, Ina ba da shawarar ku ci gaba da karanta wannan labarin. Baya ga samar da bayanai kan batun, za mu kuma yi magana a kan wasu misalai na shuke-shuke masu rini, kamar su sunflowers.
Menene tsire-tsire masu launi?
Kamar yadda muka riga muka fada a baya, ana iya amfani da tsire-tsire masu rini don rina yadudduka, kodayake galibi suna da sauran ayyuka. Ana ɗaukarsu ɓangare na wannan rukunin duk nau'ikan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke ƙunshe da manyan ɗimbin ka'idojin canza launi, kamar su phenolic alcohols, flavonoids, tannins ko anthraquinones, a cikin gabobi ɗaya ko daban.
Waɗannan nau'ikan tsire-tsire sun zo sun yadu ta sanannen Hanyar Siliki. Bayan gano Amurka, launuka da aka shigo da su daga Sabuwar Duniya suma an ƙara su. waccan ba ta kasance a Turai ba. Wannan gaskiyar magana ce, saboda launuka na iya gano mutane da al'adu daban-daban.
A mafi yawan lokuta, launin shuke-shuke da yawa suna cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa ko furannin shuke-shuke. Koyaya, ana iya samun su a cikin tushe, ganye, asalinsu, tabarau, tsaba, ko rhizomes. Dogaro da nau'ikan, ɓangaren shukar da ke da ƙwayoyin aiki masu yawa ya bambanta. Duk tsire-tsire masu rini suna da aƙalla ɓangare mai amfani yayin yin dyes na halitta. A wasu lokuta, ana iya amfani da dukkanin tsire-tsire.
Yaya ake cire launi daga shuke-shuke?
Dyes gabaɗaya ana fitar dasu daga shuke shuke ta hanyar debowa a cikin ruwa. Dogaro da rukuni na launuka masu launi, launuka daban-daban sun taso. Waɗannan su ne wasu misalai na launuka waɗanda za mu iya samu bisa ga launuka:
- Orange da rawaya ya taso daga carotenoids.
- Anthocyanins sun zama ja ko shuɗi.
- Amma ga flavonoids, sun zama launuka masu launin ja, shuɗi ko violet.
Dukda cewa Yawancin launuka dole ne a haɗe su da zaren ta hanyar layu, akwai wasu da za'a iya haɗa su kai tsaye zuwa yadudduka ta hanyar nitsar da masana'anta da tsire a cikin ruwan zafi. Mordants sunadarai ne waɗanda zasu iya zama kwayoyin ko inorganic. Daga cikinsu akwai urea, tannins, alum, da baƙin ƙarfe.
Waɗanne furanni ake amfani da su don rini?
Akwai shuke-shuke masu yawan rini, gami da furanni da yawa. Nan gaba zamuyi magana akan wasu misalai da launukan da zamu iya samu daga garesu.
Rinyen Chamomile
Mun fara jerin tare da chamomile na dyes, wanda ake kira Anthemis tinctoria. Na dangin sunflower ne kuma furanninta yayi kamanceceniya dais, amma launin rawaya. Bai kamata mu rikita shi da chamomile da muka saba sha kamar shayi ba, kamar wannan chamomile Ba'a amfani dashi da abinci kuma yana da ƙarancin kayan magani.
Babban amfani da wannan furen shine rina, kamar yadda sunansa ya riga ya nuna. Ana amfani da fure don wannan, tunda shine ɓangaren shukar wanda yake da wadataccen ka'idojin canza launi. Daga gareta ake samun launin rawaya.
Sunflower
Daya daga cikin shahararrun furanni shine babu shakka sunflower, wanda kuma ake kira Helianthus shekara. Wannan kyakkyawar shukar zata iya kaiwa tsayin mita 3 har ila yau kuma tayi fice don kyakkyawan launi mai launin rawaya na petals. Sanannen abu ne cewa ana sanya sunflower don suna kan fuskantar rana cikin yini.
Baya ga iya amfani da shi azaman dyeing plant, sunflower na iya samar mana da mai ko tsaba masu ci. Ba a amfani da karshen kawai don amfani, amma kuma ɗayan sassa biyu ne tare da ƙarin ƙa'idojin canza launi. Daga tsaba zamu iya samun launin shuɗi, yayin da furannin sunflower ya bamu launin rawaya.
Echinacea tsarkakakke
Wani shuka mai rini shine Echinacea tsarkakakke na asalin Arewacin Amurka. Wannan kyakkyawar furen, banda kasancewarta tsiron gida mai ado, ana amfani dashi da yawa a likitance, tunda tana da kaddarorin da ke karfafa garkuwar jiki da rage alamun kamuwa da cututtukan numfashi. Sabili da haka, abu ne gama gari amfani da shi a yanayin sanyin yau da kullun.
Game da tabo nama, ɓangaren da ake amfani da shi daga wannan tsiren shi ne fure. Duk da launin violet na fentinsa, launin da za mu samu kore ne.
Taketes patula
Mun ci gaba da jerin tare da shuka dye mai zuwa: Taketes patula. Wannan kyakkyawar furen asalin ta ƙasar amurka ce mai zafi kuma wataƙila mun saba da amfani da ita a cikin bukukuwan Mexico da suka shafi Ranar Matattu. Hakanan an san shi da lafazin moro, damasquina ko fure mai fure.
Baya ga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, yana da kaddarorin magani kuma galibi ana amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar kamshi ko a matsayin kayan ado a cikin gida. Menene ƙari, asalinsa suna da illar magungunan kashe qwari akan wasu kwari da kwayoyin cuta, kamar su tururuwa ko nematodes. Saboda wannan dalili, abu ne gama gari a nemo waɗannan furanni kusa da amfanin gona. Game da tabo, bangaren da aka yi amfani da shi shi ne fure kuma daga gareta ana samun launuka masu launin rawaya zuwa lemu.
Inle helenium
A ƙarshe, zamuyi magana game da furen Inula helenium, wanda aka fi sani da elecampana, enfula ko helenium. Wannan shuka mai rini abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin Biritaniya da tsakiyar Turai da kudanci. Sunan kimiyya "helenium" ya samo asali ne daga wani labari mai alaƙa da Helen na Troy, saboda suna cewa wannan furen ya tsiro ne daga hawayen sa. An san wannan shuka da da suna elfwort kuma tana da tsarki ga Celts.
Bayan samun kaddarorin magani, wasu ƙasashe kamar Faransa ko Switzerland suna amfani da Inula helenium don yin ɓoye. Dangane da rawar da take takawa wajen lalata abubuwa, mun sami shuɗin launi na rhizome.
Botany duniya ce gabaɗaya kuma shuke-shuke suna da kyawawan halaye da fa'idodi da yawa. Ina fatan wannan labarin ya taimaka muku warware shakku game da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.